Salmos 53

ARC · Chapter 53/150

1Disse o nescio no seu coração: Não ha Deus. Teem-se corrompido, e commettido abominavel iniquidade: não ha ninguem que faça o bem.

2Deus olhou desde os céus para os filhos dos homens, para ver se havia algum que tivesse entendimento e buscasse a Deus.

3Desviaram-se todos, e juntamente se fizeram immundos; não ha quem faça o bem, não, nem sequer um

4Acaso não teem conhecimento os que obram a iniquidade, os quaes comem o meu povo como se comessem pão? elles não invocaram a Deus.

5Ali se acharam em grande temor, onde não havia temor, pois Deus espalhou os ossos d'aquelle que te cercava; tu os confundiste, porque Deus os rejeitou.

6Oh! se já de Sião viera a salvação de Israel! Quando Deus fizer voltar os captivos do seu povo, então se regozijará Jacob e se alegrará Israel

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Summary

Nearly identical to Psalm 14, this psalm describes the universal corruption of humanity living as though God did not exist, and expresses a longing for the salvation that will come out of Zion.

Explanation

This psalm repeats almost word for word Psalm 14, but with one notable difference: it uses the generic name 'Elohim' (God) instead of the personal name 'Yahweh/LORD,' suggesting it belonged to a different collection of psalms (the so-called 'Elohistic Psalter,' which avoids the personal divine name) later incorporated into the book. The repetition of the same psalm in two different places suggests it was considered important enough to be preserved in two separate compilation traditions. Its message remains relevant: the folly of living day to day as though God did not matter, even without openly denying Him.

Fun facts

  • This psalm is nearly identical to Psalm 14, but replaces God's personal name (Yahweh) with the generic term 'Elohim' — a pattern that characterizes Psalms 42-83, known as the 'Elohistic Psalter.'
  • This duplication is one of the pieces of evidence scholars use to argue that the book of Psalms was formed by combining smaller, independent collections before reaching its final form.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Salmos 53:1"The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God" is not describing a philosophical debate about God's existence. In the Hebrew Bible, a "fool" is someone who lives in practice as if God did not exist and had no accounts to settle, not necessarily someone who denies God in theory.
  2. Salmos 53:2The image is of God as a watchman looking down from above, scanning all of humanity in search of even one person who truly seeks Him — and finding none, according to the psalm.
  3. Salmos 53:3This charge that no one does good, not even one, is quoted by Paul in Romans 3:10-12 as proof that all of humanity needs forgiveness, not just certain groups.
  4. Salmos 53:4"Who eat up my people as they eat bread" compares the oppressors' exploitation to a daily meal: an evil so repeated and casual that it became routine, carrying no weight on the conscience of those who practice it.
  5. Salmos 53:5It is a shocking image of total defeat: in the culture of that time, leaving a body unburied, with the bones exposed and scattered, was the worst possible dishonor for a fallen warrior.
  6. Salmos 53:6The wish for the "captivity" to be brought back suggests that this version of the psalm, nearly identical to Psalm 14, was adapted later for the people living through the Babylonian exile and hoping for a return home.

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