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Isaías 28

ARC · Chapter 28/66

1Ai da corôa de soberba dos bebados de Ephraim, cujo glorioso ornamento é como a flor que cae, que está sobre a cabeça do fertil valle dos feridos do vinho.

2Eis que o Senhor tem um valente e poderoso que como um alagamento de saraiva, tormenta de destruição, e como um alagamento de impetuosas aguas que trasbordam, com a mão derribará por terra.

3A corôa de soberba dos bebados de Ephraim será pisada aos pés.

4E a flor caida do seu glorioso ornamento, que está sobre a cabeça do fertil valle, será como a bêbera antes do verão, que, vendo a alguem, e tendo-a ainda na mão, a engole.

5N'aquelle dia o Senhor dos Exercitos será por corôa gloriosa, e por grinalda formosa, para os residuos de seu povo;

6E por espirito de juizo, para o que se assenta a julgar, e por fortaleza para os que fazem retirar a peleja até á porta.

7Mas tambem estes erram com o vinho e com a bebida forte se desencaminham: até o sacerdote e o propheta erram por causa da bebida forte; são devorados do vinho; se desencaminham com a bebida forte, andam errados na visão, e tropeçam no juizo.

8Porque todas as suas mesas estão cheias de vomitos e sujidade, até não haver mais logar limpo.

9A quem pois se ensinaria a sciencia? e a quem se daria a entender o que se ouviu? ao desmamado do leite, e ao arrancado dos peitos.

10Porque é mandamento, sobre mandamento, mandamento sobre mandamento, regra sobre regra, regra sobre regra: um pouco aqui, um pouco ali.

11Pelo que por labios de gago, e por outra lingua, fallará a este povo.

12Ao qual disse: Este é o descanço, dae descanço ao cançado, e este é o refrigerio: porém não quizeram ouvir.

13Assim pois a palavra do Senhor lhes será mandamento sobre mandamento, mandamento sobre mandamento, regra sobre regra, regra sobre regra, um pouco aqui, um pouco ali; para que vão, e caiam para traz, e se quebrantem, e se enlacem, e sejam presos.

14Pelo que ouvi a palavra do Senhor, homens escarnecedores, que dominam este povo, que está em Jerusalem.

15Porquanto dizeis: Fizemos concerto com a morte, e com o inferno fizemos alliança; quando passar o diluvio do açoite, não chegará a nós, porque pozemos a mentira por nosso refugio, e debaixo da falsidade nos escondemos.

16Portanto assim diz o Senhor Jehovah: Eis que eu fundo em Sião uma pedra, uma pedra já provada, pedra preciosa de esquina, que está bem firme e fundada: aquelle que crer não se apresse.

17E regrarei o juizo ao cordel, e a justiça ao nivel, e a saraiva varrerá o refugio da mentira, e as aguas cobrirão o esconderijo.

18E o vosso concerto com a morte se annulará; e a vossa alliança com o inferno não subsistirá; e, quando o diluvio do açoite passar, então sereis d'elle pisados.

19Desde que começa a passar, vos arrebatará, porque todas as manhãs passará, de dia e de noite: e será que sómente o ouvir a fama causará grande turbação.

20Porque a cama será tão curta que ninguem se poderá estender n'ella; e o cobertor tão estreito que se não possa cobrir com elle

21Porque o Senhor se levantará como no monte de Perazim, e se irará, como no valle de Gibeon, para fazer a sua obra, a sua estranha obra, e para executar o seu acto, o seu estranho acto.

22Agora pois mais não escarneçaes, para que vossas ataduras se não façam mais fortes: porque já ao Senhor Jehovah dos Exercitos ouvi fallar d'uma destruição, e essa já está determinada sobre toda a terra.

23Inclinae os ouvidos, e ouvi a minha voz: attendei bem, e ouvi o meu discurso.

24Porventura lavra todo o dia o lavrador, para semear? ou abre e desterroa todo o dia a sua terra?

25Porventura não é assim? quando já tem gradado a sua superficie, então esparge n'ella ervilhaca, e derrama cominho: ou lança n'ella do melhor trigo, ou cevada escolhida, ou centeio, cada qual no seu logar.

26O seu Deus o ensina, e o instrue ácerca do que ha de fazer.

27Porque a ervilhaca não se trilha com trilho, nem sobre o cominho passa roda de carro; mas com uma vara se sacode a ervilhaca, e o cominho com um páu.

28O trigo é esmiuçado, mas não se trilha continuamente, nem se esmiuça com as rodas do seu carro, nem se quebranta com os seus cavallos.

29Até isto procede do Senhor dos Exercitos; porque é maravilhoso em conselho e grande em obra.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Isaiah denounces the drunkenness and arrogance of the leaders of Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) and then of Judah, who mock his warnings. He announces that God is laying a sure 'cornerstone' in Zion, and uses the image of a wise farmer to show that God has method and purpose in everything he does.

Explanation

The chapter opens targeting Ephraim (a fertile hill region known for its vineyards, hence the image of the 'drunkards' crown'), but quickly turns its attention to the leaders of Judah, who mocked Isaiah's repetitive messages, calling them childish ('rule upon rule... a little here, a little there'). The promise of a 'costly cornerstone, a sure foundation' in Zion is quoted in the New Testament as a reference to Christ (1 Peter 2:6, Romans 9:33). The closing parable of the farmer who knows the right time to plow, sow, and harvest different grains illustrates that God has perfect wisdom and timing in his acts of discipline, never acting randomly. The practical application is that mocking repeated warnings for sounding worn out does not make them any less true or urgent.

Fun facts

  • The 'cornerstone' promised in Zion (v. 16) is quoted directly in the New Testament in 1 Peter 2:6 and Romans 9:33 as a prophecy about Jesus Christ.
  • The farming technique described in the closing verses — using a rod for cumin but heavy cart wheels for wheat — reflects real threshing methods from ancient Near Eastern agriculture, confirmed by farming tools found in excavations in the region.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Isaías 28:1The “crown of pride” of the drunkards of Ephraim describes Samaria, the capital of the northern kingdom, built on top of a hill. The city is compared to a fading crown on the head of drunken people, criticizing both its prominent position and the moral corruption of its leadership.
  2. Isaías 28:2God will send a mighty instrument, compared to a hailstorm and a destroying flood, to violently bring down the arrogance of Ephraim mentioned in the previous verse — probably a reference to the Assyrian invasion.
  3. Isaías 28:3The “crown of pride” of the drunkards of Ephraim, the capital Samaria, described as a crown atop a fertile valley, will be trampled underfoot without any resistance.
  4. Isaías 28:4The city, compared to a fading, falling flower, will be swallowed up quickly, like the first ripe fruit of the season, which whoever sees it plucks and eats right away — an image of an easy, swift conquest.
  5. Isaías 28:5In contrast to the destroyed crown of pride, the LORD Himself will become the true crown of glory for the small group of people that remains.
  6. Isaías 28:6God will also give a spirit of justice to those who judge, and strength to those who defend the city from attacks at the gates — qualities the opposite of the arrogant drunkenness criticized at the start of the chapter.
  7. Isaías 28:7Even priests and prophets err because of drink, according to the text. It is a direct criticism of the religious leadership of the northern kingdom, pictured vomiting at their own banquet tables.
  8. Isaías 28:8Describes the physical result of the drunkenness criticized in the previous verse: tables covered in vomit and filth, with no clean spot left — a realistic picture of the moral corruption of the religious leaders.
  9. Isaías 28:9An ironic question from the drunken leaders themselves, mocking the prophet: whom does he think he is teaching, as if speaking to babies just weaned? A way of dismissing Isaiah’s message as too simple to matter.
  10. Isaías 28:10The repetitive line about precept and rule deliberately imitates an almost childish sound in Hebrew. It is probably how the drunken leaders mocked Isaiah’s preaching, treating it as monotonous nonsense.
  11. Isaías 28:11Since they mocked God’s simple message, He will speak to this people in an even stranger way: through a foreign tongue and stammering lips — a reference to the Assyrian invasion, whose language the Israelites would not understand.
  12. Isaías 28:12God had already offered rest and relief to the weary people through the simple message of the prophets, but they refused to listen — the reason behind the harsher punishment that follows.
  13. Isaías 28:13That is why the same message that sounded repetitive and childish to them will become the cause of their stumbling backward, being broken, and being taken captive — the irony turns against those who mocked it.
  14. Isaías 28:14Isaiah calls for the attention of Jerusalem’s mocking rulers to hear the word of the LORD, setting up the direct accusation that comes in the next verse.
  15. Isaías 28:15Speaking of a “covenant with death” is a poetic way of describing a political alliance, probably with Egypt, that Jerusalem’s leaders thought would protect them from any threat. The text calls this a lie and a false sense of security.
  16. Isaías 28:16The “corner stone” was the most important stone of an ancient building, the one that set the alignment for the whole wall. Here it becomes an image of a solid foundation laid by God in the midst of the chapter’s political instability.
  17. Isaías 28:17God promises to use the “line” and the “plummet,” precise measuring tools used in construction, to judge with exact justice, and the hail will sweep away the “refuge of lies” they had built to feel secure.
  18. Isaías 28:18The “covenant with death” they made, mentioned before, will be annulled, and when the flood of punishment passes through, they will be trampled by it, not protected by it.
  19. Isaías 28:19This punishment will pass through again and again, morning after morning, day and night, and just hearing about it will already cause great terror among the people.
  20. Isaías 28:20Uses a simple household image: the bed will be too short to stretch out on, and the blanket too narrow to wrap around — no comfort or protection will really work in the face of judgment.
  21. Isaías 28:21Compares God’s action to two ancient battles, David’s victories, calling the judgment a “strange work” — strange because God normally acts to protect His people, not to punish them so harshly.
  22. Isaías 28:22A final warning against mockery: continuing to scoff will only tighten the bonds of punishment even more, because destruction has already been decreed by God over the whole earth.
  23. Isaías 28:23Introduces a new parable calling for full attention: to bend the ear and listen carefully to the agricultural discourse that follows.
  24. Isaías 28:24A rhetorical question opening the farming parable: does the farmer plow all day long without ever sowing? The obvious answer is no, setting up the lesson about God’s practical wisdom.
  25. Isaías 28:25Continues the parable: after properly preparing the ground, the farmer plants each seed exactly in its right place — showing the knowledge and method behind agricultural work.
  26. Isaías 28:26Explains where this knowledge comes from: it is God Himself who teaches the farmer to do the work right — practical wisdom that reflects the greater wisdom of God behind everything, including judgment.
  27. Isaías 28:27Continues the parable: each seed requires a different harvesting technique — delicate grains are beaten with a rod, not crushed with tools too heavy for them.
  28. Isaías 28:28Even wheat, which needs to be threshed with more force, is not endlessly ground nor crushed to powder — there is a limit and a care in every step of the farming process.
  29. Isaías 28:29Concludes the parable: this practical wisdom also comes from the LORD of hosts, wonderful in counsel and excellent in work — each method of judgment has its own purpose and right measure, like the harvest.

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