Isaías 38

ARC · Chapter 38/66

1N'aquelles dias Ezequias adoeceu d'uma enfermidade mortal: e veiu a elle Isaias, filho d'Amós, o propheta, e lhe disse: Assim diz o Senhor: Ordena a tua casa, porque morrerás, e não viverás.

2Então virou Ezequias o seu rosto para a parede; e orou ao Senhor.

3E disse: Ah Senhor, lembra-te, te peço, de que andei diante de ti em verdade, e com coração perfeito, e fiz o que era recto aos teus olhos. E chorou Ezequias muitissimo.

4Então veiu a palavra do Senhor a Isaias, dizendo:

5Vae, e dize a Ezequias: Assim diz o Senhor, o Deus de David teu pae: Ouvi a tua oração, e vi as tuas lagrimas; eis que accrescento sobre os teus dias quinze annos.

6E livrar-te-hei das mãos do rei da Assyria, a ti, e a esta cidade, e ampararei a esta cidade.

7E isto te será por signal da parte do Senhor de que o Senhor cumprirá esta palavra que fallou.

8Eis que farei tornar a sombra dos graus, que declinou com o sol pelos graus do relogio d'Achaz dez graus atraz. Assim tornou o sol dez graus atraz, pelos graus que já tinha descido.

9Escripturas d'Ezequias, rei de Judah, de quando adoeceu e sarou de sua enfermidade.

10Eu disse no cessar de meus dias: Ir-me-hei ás portas da sepultura: já estou privado do resto de meus annos.

11Disse tambem: Já não verei mais ao Senhor, digo, na terra dos viventes: jámais verei o homem com os moradores do mundo.

12Já o tempo da minha vida se foi, e foi trespassado de mim, como choça de pastor: cortei a minha vida, como tecelão que corta a sua teia; como desde os liços me cortará; desde o dia até á noite me acabarás.

13Isto me propunha até á madrugada, que, como um leão, quebrantaria todos os meus ossos: desde o dia até á noite me acabarás.

14Como o grou, ou a andorinha, assim chilreava, e gemia como a pomba: alçava os meus olhos ao alto; ó Senhor ando opprimido, fica por meu fiador.

15Que direi? como m'o prometteu, assim o fez: assim passarei mansamente por todos os meus annos, por causa da amargura da minha alma.

16Senhor, com estas coisas se vive, e em todas ellas está a vida do meu espirito, porque tu me curaste e me saraste.

17Eis que até na paz a amargura me foi amarga; tu porém tão amorosamente abraçaste a minha alma, que não caiu na cova da corrupção; porque lançaste para traz das tuas costas todos os meus peccados.

18Porque não te louvará a sepultura, nem a morte te glorificará: nem tão pouco esperarão em tua verdade os que descem á cova.

19O vivente, o vivente, esse te louvará como eu hoje o faço: o pae aos filhos fará notoria a tua verdade.

20O Senhor veiu salvar-me; pelo que, tangendo em meus instrumentos, lhe cantaremos todos os dias de nossa vida na casa do Senhor.

21E dissera Isaias: Tomem uma pasta de figos, e a ponham como emplasto sobre a chaga; e sarará.

22Tambem dissera Ezequias: Qual será o signal de que hei de subir á casa do Senhor?

📖 Chapter study

Summary

King Hezekiah falls gravely ill and receives news that he will die, but he weeps and prays, and God grants him fifteen more years of life, with a miraculous sign: the shadow on the sundial moves back ten degrees. The chapter includes a poem of gratitude written by Hezekiah himself after his healing.

Explanation

Hezekiah's illness probably occurred before the Assyrian siege narrated in the previous chapters (the chronological order in Isaiah is not always linear), and his sincere, tearful prayer reveals a striking trait of this king: turning to God in moments of despair. The 'sign' of the shadow moving back ten degrees on Ahaz's sundial is one of the most intriguing miracles in the Bible, with no scientific explanation given in the text, serving as supernatural confirmation of the promise. Hezekiah's poem expresses deep, human gratitude for the life he was given, including the beautiful declaration that God 'has cast all my sins behind his back.' The practical application today is that praying honestly in moments of suffering, even with tears, is a legitimate and powerful expression of faith.

Fun facts

  • The 'dial of Ahaz' mentioned in the text was probably an instrument for measuring time by shadows (a kind of stepped sundial), technology known in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, confirming the historical realism of the account.
  • Hezekiah's phrase, 'you have cast all my sins behind your back' (v. 17), is one of the most beautiful and comforting images of forgiveness in all of biblical poetry, suggesting that forgiven sin is placed where it will never be seen again.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Isaías 38:1Hezekiah is warned by Isaiah that he is going to die — and, later in the same chapter, the timeline changes after his prayer. The text does not explain this tension between prophecy and change; it simply records both things, the sentence and the reprieve, one after the other.
  2. Isaías 38:2Turning his face toward the wall is a gesture of isolation, seeking privacy in a room where other people were probably present, so he could pray without an audience after hearing that he is going to die.
  3. Isaías 38:3Hezekiah appeals to his own past faithfulness as an argument in prayer, a common way at the time of asking for mercy by recalling one's own record of loyalty.
  4. Isaías 38:4A simple transitional line: the word of the Lord reaches Isaiah right after Hezekiah's weeping, showing how quickly the answer followed the request.
  5. Isaías 38:5Fifteen more years of life is a concrete, numerical answer to the prayer, the kind of detail that reinforces that the request was granted specifically, not merely in spirit.
  6. Isaías 38:6The promise of deliverance repeats the same assurance given throughout the earlier chapters about the Assyrian siege, tying Hezekiah's personal healing to the survival of the city of Jerusalem itself.
  7. Isaías 38:7Before describing the sign itself, the text already notes that it serves as public proof that the promise will be fulfilled, a common prophetic practice of giving a verifiable sign along with the announcement.
  8. Isaías 38:8The sign of healing is the shadow of a sundial going back ten degrees, an instrument linked to King Ahaz, Hezekiah's grandfather. It was not a clock like ours today, but a stairway or pillar that marked the hour by the position of its shadow, and the miracle requested was to reverse that natural marker of time.
  9. Isaías 38:9This heading introduces Hezekiah's personal poem that follows, a kind of psalm of thanksgiving written by the king himself after his recovery, a rare genre attributed to a ruler rather than to a prophet.
  10. Isaías 38:10"The gates of the grave" describes the nearness of death as a physical passage, and "deprived of the residue of my years," as the KJV puts it, expresses grief over a life that seemed to be cut short too soon.
  11. Isaías 38:11For the mindset of the time, dying meant no longer beholding either God or other living people, since there was no clear notion of an afterlife. It is this double isolation that Hezekiah laments.
  12. Isaías 38:12A shepherd's tent taken down and a weaver's thread cut off are images of the abrupt end of something still in progress, comparing an interrupted life to work that does not finish the way it was expected to.
  13. Isaías 38:13Comparing the illness to a lion breaking all his bones describes extreme physical pain, an image of overwhelming suffering that consumes the body little by little, from day even to night.
  14. Isaías 38:14The crane, the swallow, and the dove are birds known for their high, mournful cries, used to describe the kind of weak moan of one who suffers. Asking God to "undertake for me," as the KJV puts it, is asking for a personal guarantee of rescue.
  15. Isaías 38:15After the lament, the tone shifts to acknowledgment: the healing already promised will be fulfilled, and the rest of Hezekiah's life will be lived with this memory of the bitterness he suffered.
  16. Isaías 38:16Hezekiah sums up his reason for gratitude: it is precisely by these experiences, good and bad, that life goes on, and he credits both his healing and his very survival directly to God.
  17. Isaías 38:17Two images of relief appear together here: escaping the pit, that is, death, and having one's own sins cast behind God's back, out of sight. It is forgiveness described as complete forgetting, not merely a discount.
  18. Isaías 38:18For the mindset of the time, the grave was a place of total silence: only the living can thank God aloud. The Hebrew Bible did not yet have a clear notion of an afterlife, and this verse reflects that older view.
  19. Isaías 38:19"The living, the living," as the KJV repeats it, may praise, but not the dead: the same idea from verse 18 repeats here, with Hezekiah stressing that passing this faith on to his own children is the task of those still alive.
  20. Isaías 38:20Singing with stringed instruments in the house of the Lord for the rest of his life is Hezekiah's practical response of gratitude: turning the extra years he gained into ongoing worship.
  21. Isaías 38:21The medical prescription of a lump of figs as a plaster for the boil is a folk remedy of the day, a practical detail showing Isaiah also giving concrete healing instructions, not just a prophetic word.
  22. Isaías 38:22Hezekiah's question about the sign appears out of place at the end of the chapter, repeating something already answered earlier with the sundial; it likely reflects the original order of events without following strict chronology.

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