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Isaías 14

ARC · Chapter 14/66

1Porque o Senhor se compadecerá de Jacob, e ainda escolherá a Israel e os porá na sua propria terra: e ajuntar-se-hão com elles os estranhos, e se achegarão á casa de Jacob

2E os povos os receberão, e os levarão aos seus logares, e a casa d'Israel os possuirá por servos e por servas, na terra do Senhor: e captivarão aquelles que os captivaram, e dominarão sobre os seus oppressores.

3E acontecerá que no dia em que Deus vier a dar-te descanço do teu trabalho, e do teu tremor, e da dura servidão com que te fizeram servir,

4Então levantarás este dito contra o rei de Babylonia, e dirás: Como já cessou o oppressor? como já cessou a cidade dourada?

5Já quebrantou o Senhor o bastão dos impios e o sceptro dos dominadores.

6Aquelle que feria aos povos com furor, com praga sem cessar, o que com ira dominava sobre as nações agora é perseguido, sem que alguem o possa impedir.

7Já descança, já está socegada toda a terra: exclamam com jubilo.

8Até as faias se alegram sobre ti, e os cedros do Libano, dizendo: Desde que tu ahi estás por terra já ninguem sobe contra nós que nos possa cortar.

9O inferno debaixo se turbou por ti, para te sair ao encontro na tua vinda: desperta por ti os mortos, e todos os principes da terra, e faz levantar dos seus thronos a todos os reis das nações.

10Estes todos responderão, e te dirão: Tu tambem adoeceste como nós, e foste similhante a nós.

11Já foi derribada no inferno a tua soberba com o som dos teus alaudes: os bichinhos debaixo de ti se estenderão, e os bichos te cobrirão.

12Como caiste desde o céu, ó estrella da manhã, filha da alva do dia? como foste cortado por terra, tu que debilitavas as nações?

13E tu dizias no teu coração: Eu subirei ao céu, por cima das estrellas de Deus exaltarei o meu throno, e no monte da congregação me assentarei, da banda dos lados do norte.

14Subirei sobre as alturas das nuvens, e serei similhante ao Altissimo.

15E comtudo derribado serás no inferno, aos lados da cova.

16Os que te virem te contemplarão, considerar-te-hão, e dirão: É este o varão que fazia estremecer a terra, e que fazia tremer os reinos?

17Que punha o mundo como o deserto, e assolava as suas cidades? que a seus presos não deixava ir soltos para suas casas?

18Todos os reis das nações, todos quantos elles são, jazem com honra, cada um na sua casa.

19Porém tu és lançado da tua sepultura, como um renovo abominavel, como um vestido de mortos atravessados á espada, como os que descem ao covil de pedras, como corpo morto e atropellado.

20Com elles não serás ajuntado na sepultura; porque destruiste a tua terra e mataste o teu povo: a semente dos malignos não será nomeada para sempre.

21Preparae a matança para os seus filhos pela maldade de seus paes, para que não se levantem, e possuam a terra, e encham o mundo de cidades.

22Porque me levantarei contra elles, diz o Senhor dos Exercitos, e desarraigarei de Babylonia o nome, e os residuos, e o filho, e o neto, diz o Senhor.

23E pôl-a-hei por possessão das corujas e lagôas d'aguas: e varrel-a-hei com vassoura de perdição, diz o Senhor dos Exercitos.

24O Senhor dos Exercitos jurou, dizendo: Como pensei, assim succederá, e como determinei, assim se effectuará.

25Quebrantarei a Assyria na minha terra, e nas minhas montanhas a atropellarei, para que o seu jugo se aparte d'elles e a sua carga se desvie dos seus hombros.

26Este é o conselho que se consultou sobre toda esta terra; e esta é a mão que está estendida sobre todas as nações.

27Porque o Senhor dos Exercitos o determinou; quem pois o invalidará? e a sua mão estendida está; quem pois a tornará atraz?

28No anno em que morreu o rei Achaz, aconteceu esta carga.

29Não te alegres, ó tu, toda a Philistia, de que é quebrantada a vara que te feria; porque da raiz da cobra sairá um basilisco, e o seu fructo será uma serpente ardente, voadora.

30E os primogenitos dos pobres serão apascentados, e os necessitados se deitarão seguros; porém farei morrer de fome a tua raiz, e elle matará os teus residuos.

31Dá uivos, ó porta, grita, ó cidade, que já tu, ó Philistia, estás toda derretida; porque do norte vem um fumo, e nenhum solitario haverá nas suas congregações.

32Que se responderá pois aos mensageiros do povo? Que o Senhor fundou a Sião, para que os oppressos do seu povo n'ella tenham refugio.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

After promising Israel's return from exile, Isaiah delivers a poetic taunt against the king of Babylon, compared to a 'morning star' fallen from the heavens because of pride. The chapter also brings brief prophecies against Assyria and Philistia.

Explanation

The poem about the 'king of Babylon' uses exaggerated, mythological language common in Ancient Near Eastern poetry to mock the arrogance of a ruler who considered himself nearly divine, saying, 'I will ascend into heaven... I will be like the Most High.' Later traditions, both Jewish and Christian, associated this figure with the fall of Satan, though the original text primarily speaks of a proud human king. The central idea is that every power that exalts itself against God will be brought down, no matter how glorious it appears. The practical application today is that pride, even on a small everyday scale, always precedes some kind of fall.

Fun facts

  • The Latin expression for 'morning star' in this passage is 'Lucifer,' a word that later tradition would use as a proper name for the devil, although in the original Hebrew text it simply describes the planet Venus seen at dawn.
  • The chapter also predicts the fall of Philistia, saying that 'out of the serpent's root will come forth a viper' — a poetic way of saying that past threats would give way to worse ones, probably referring to the rise of Assyria.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Isaías 14:1After Babylon’s judgment, the focus shifts to restoration: God will have compassion on Jacob and choose Israel again, bringing the people back to their own land, with foreigners joining them.
  2. Isaías 14:2The nations themselves will help bring Israel back home, and the situation reverses: those who once enslaved Israel will now be ruled by them — a complete reversal of power.
  3. Isaías 14:3Describes the moment when God finally gives Israel rest from the hard labor, the fear, and the harsh slavery they suffered — the introduction to the taunt song against the king of Babylon that follows.
  4. Isaías 14:4This “proverb” against the king of Babylon is a taunt-poem, a genre common at the time for celebrating a tyrant’s downfall. It even imagines the cedars of Lebanon and the dead in the realm of the dead reacting to the news.
  5. Isaías 14:5God has already broken the “staff of the wicked” and the “sceptre of the rulers” — language of royal power being destroyed, referring to the end of Babylon’s oppressive rule.
  6. Isaías 14:6Describes who this oppressor was: someone who struck the peoples with unceasing fury and ruled the nations in anger, but who is now pursued with no one to stop it — the fall of the powerful tyrant.
  7. Isaías 14:7With the oppressor’s fall, the whole earth finally rests and falls silent — a general relief expressed in shouts of joy after so much suffering.
  8. Isaías 14:8Even the personified trees, the fir trees and the cedars of Lebanon, celebrate the tyrant’s fall, saying that now no one will come up to cut them down — the king of Babylon is pictured as a woodcutter who exploited even nature.
  9. Isaías 14:9The realm of the dead stirs to receive the fallen king, waking the spirits of dead kings and raising them from their thrones to meet him — an imaginative scene of poetic mockery.
  10. Isaías 14:10These dead kings speak to the newcomer, saying that he too has become weak like them, just like everyone who has ever died — the equality of death mocking the tyrant’s former greatness.
  11. Isaías 14:11His pride went down with him to the realm of the dead, along with the sound of his festive instruments, and now worms take the place of the luxury he once had — an image of total decay, from throne to worms.
  12. Isaías 14:12The image of a star falling from the sky, the morning star, is poetic mockery of the Babylonian king’s fall, from the height of power to the depths of the pit. The later Latin translation named this star Lucifer, and different traditions have read this verse quite differently through the centuries.
  13. Isaías 14:13The expressions “mount of the congregation” and “sides of the north” draw on a regional mythological image of a sacred mountain of the gods in the far north. The text uses this familiar reference to describe the Babylonian king’s boundless ambition to make himself equal to God Himself.
  14. Isaías 14:14Continues the arrogant speech of the king quoted in the previous verse: he wanted to rise above the clouds and make himself like the Most High — the height of ambition described just before the fall is revealed.
  15. Isaías 14:15But the result is the opposite of what he wanted: instead of rising to the heavens, he goes down to the realm of the dead, to the depths of the pit — the most dramatic fall possible after so much ambition.
  16. Isaías 14:16Whoever sees the fallen king’s body is astonished and asks whether this is really the man who made the earth tremble and the kingdoms shake — disbelief at seeing so powerful a tyrant reduced to nothing.
  17. Isaías 14:17Continues the astonished question: was this the man who turned the world into a desert, destroyed cities, and never released his prisoners to go home?
  18. Isaías 14:18An important contrast: all the other kings of the nations were buried with honor, each in his own tomb — a dignified funeral, which this particular king will not have, as the next verse shows.
  19. Isaías 14:19Unlike the other kings, he is thrown far from his tomb, compared to a rejected branch or a trampled corpse of war — the denial of a dignified burial as a final humiliation.
  20. Isaías 14:20He will not even be buried among the other kings, because he destroyed his own land and killed his own people — this tyrant’s descendants will be blotted out from memory forever.
  21. Isaías 14:21Orders that his sons be killed because of their father’s wickedness, so that this line will not rise again and go on to dominate the world with more conquered cities.
  22. Isaías 14:22God personally promises to rise up against this dynasty, wiping out Babylon’s name, descendants, offspring, and posterity — a complete erasure of the royal line.
  23. Isaías 14:23Continues the promise: Babylon will become the property of owls and pools of standing water, swept away with the “besom of destruction” — from imperial capital to abandoned swamp.
  24. Isaías 14:24God swears that everything will happen exactly as He planned, with no possibility of change — reinforcing the absolute certainty of the prophecies against Babylon and, in the passage that follows, against Assyria.
  25. Isaías 14:25The promise extends also to Assyria: it will be destroyed on God’s own land, relieving the people of the yoke and burden they carried under that empire.
  26. Isaías 14:26Sums up that this plan of destruction is not just for Babylon or Assyria, but for the whole earth — the “hand that is stretched out” of God reaches every nation, not only Judah’s immediate enemies.
  27. Isaías 14:27A final rhetorical question about this determination: if the LORD of hosts has decided, who can undo it? His hand is stretched out, and no one can make it turn back.
  28. Isaías 14:28A time marker: this specific oracle, against Philistia, took place in the year King Ahaz died, giving the announcement that follows a precise historical context.
  29. Isaías 14:29This oracle against Philistia probably celebrates the death of a king who oppressed them, perhaps Ahaz or some Assyrian king. But it warns that the relief will be short-lived, because a worse threat still lies ahead.
  30. Isaías 14:30Promises that the poorest of Judah will finally eat and rest in safety, while the “root” of Philistia, its descendants, will die of famine — safety on one side, destruction on the other.
  31. Isaías 14:31Calls all of Philistia to wail, because a threat comes from the north like smoke, and not one soldier will be missing from the ranks of this invading army — probably a future Assyrian or Babylonian assault.
  32. Isaías 14:32Ends the oracle with a question about what to answer the foreign messengers: the answer is that the LORD founded Zion, and it is there that the oppressed of His people can find safe refuge.

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