Isaías 10

ARC · Chapter 10/66

1Ai dos que ordenam ordenanças injustas, e dos que prescrevem trabalho aos escrivães.

2Para desviarem aos pobres do seu direito, e para arrebatarem o direito dos afflictos do meu povo, para despojarem as viuvas e para roubarem os orphãos!

3Mas que fareis vós-outros no dia da visitação, e da assolação, que ha de vir de longe? a quem vos refugiareis para obter soccorro, e onde deixareis a vossa gloria?

4Sem que cada um se abata entre as prezas, e caia entre os mortos? Com tudo isto a sua ira se não apartou, mas ainda está estendida a sua mão.

5Ai da Assyria! a vara da minha ira: porque a minha indignação é o bordão nas suas mãos.

6Envial-o-hei contra uma nação hypocrita, e contra o povo do meu furor lhe darei ordem, para que lhe roube o roubo, e lhe despoje o despojo, e o ponha para ser pisado aos pés, como a lama das ruas:

7Ainda que elle não cuide assim, nem o seu coração assim o imagine: antes no seu coração intentará destruir e desarraigar nações não poucas.

8Porque diz: Porventura todos os meus principes não são elles reis?

9Não é Calno como Carchemis? não é Hamath como Arphad? e Samaria como Damasco?

10Como a minha mão achou os reinos dos idolos, ainda que as suas imagens de vulto fossem melhores do que as de Jerusalem e de que as de Samaria.

11Porventura como fiz a Samaria e aos seus idolos, não faria eu tambem assim a Jerusalem e aos seus idolos?

12Porque acontecerá que, havendo o Senhor acabado toda a sua obra no monte de Sião e em Jerusalem, então visitarei o fructo da arrogante grandeza do coração do rei da Assyria e a pompa da altivez dos seus olhos.

13Porquanto disse: Com a força da minha mão o fiz, e com a minha sabedoria, porque sou entendido: e terei os limites dos povos, e roubei a sua provisão, e como valente abati aos moradores.

14E achou a minha mão as riquezas dos povos como a um ninho, e como se ajuntam os ovos deixados, assim eu ajuntei a toda a terra, e não houve quem movesse a aza, ou abrisse a bocca, ou chilrasse.

15Porventura gloriar-se-ha o machado contra o que corta com elle? ou presumirá a serra contra o que puxa por ella? como se o bordão movesse aos que o levantam, ou a vara se levantasse como não sendo pau?

16Pelo que o Senhor, o Senhor dos Exercitos, enviará magreza entre os seus gordos, e debaixo da sua gloria accenderá incendio, como incendio de fogo.

17Porque a Luz d'Israel virá a ser por fogo e o seu Sancto por labareda, que abraze e consuma os seus espinheiros e as suas sarças n'um dia.

18Tambem consumirá a gloria da sua brenha, e do seu campo fertil, desde a alma até á carne, e será como quando o porta-bandeira se desmaia.

19E o resto das arvores da sua brenha será tão pouco em numero, que um menino as possa escrever.

20E acontecerá n'aquelle dia que os residuos d'Israel, e os escapados da casa de Jacob, nunca mais se estribarão sobre o que os feriu: antes se estribarão verdadeiramente sobre o Senhor, o Sancto d'Israel.

21Os residuos se converterão, os residuos, digo, de Jacob, ao Deus forte.

22Porque ainda que o teu povo, ó Israel, seja como a areia do mar, todavia só um resto d'elle se converterá: já a destruição está determinada, trasbordando em justiça.

23Porque determinada já a destruição, o Senhor Jehovah dos Exercitos a executará no meio de toda esta terra.

24Pelo que assim diz o Senhor Jehovah dos Exercitos: Não temas, povo meu, que habitas em Sião, á Assyria, quando te ferir com a vara, e contra ti levantar o seu bordão ao modo dos egypcios,

25Porque d'aqui a bem pouco se cumprirão a minha indignação e a minha ira, para os consumir.

26Porque o Senhor dos Exercitos levantará um açoite contra elle, qual a matança de Midian junto á rocha d'Oreb, e qual a sua vara sobre o mar, que levantará ao modo dos egypcios.

27E acontecerá, no mesmo dia, que tirará a sua carga do teu hombro, e o seu jugo do teu pescoço: e o jugo será despedaçado por amor do ungido.

28Já vem chegando a Aiath, já vae passando por Migron, e em Michmas lança a sua bagagem.

29Já vão passando o vau, já se alojam em Geba: já Rama treme, e Gibeah de Saul vae fugindo.

30Grita altamente com a tua voz, ó filha de Gallim! ouve ó Lais! ó tu pobre Anathoth.

31Já Madmena se foi, os moradores de Gebim vão fugindo em bandos.

32Ainda um dia parará em Nob: moverá a sua mão contra o monte da filha de Sião, o outeiro de Jerusalem.

33Porém eis-que o Senhor Jehovah dos Exercitos decotará os ramos com violencia, e os de alta estatura serão cortados, e os altivos serão abatidos.

34E cortará com o ferro a espessura da brenha, e o Libano cairá á mão de um poderoso.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Isaiah denounces unjust judges who oppress the poor and announces that Assyria will be God's instrument of punishment against Judah — but afterward Assyria itself will be punished for its excessive pride. The chapter closes with the promise that a 'remnant' of Israel will survive and truly trust in the Lord.

Explanation

Assyria was the most feared empire in the Near East in the 8th century BC, known for its military cruelty and already responsible for destroying several neighboring nations. Isaiah presents something surprising: even a pagan empire can be used by God as a 'rod of punishment,' but that does not excuse its arrogance in believing its strength comes from itself alone. The concept of the 'remnant' that truly converts will become one of the book's central themes. The application today is remembering that God can use even difficult circumstances or hostile people to accomplish his purposes, without that justifying the evil they do.

Fun facts

  • The text lists real towns along the Assyrian army's march route toward Jerusalem (Aiath, Migron, Michmash, Geba, Ramah) — a geographical sequence archaeologists can still trace on a map today.
  • The idea of the 'remnant that returns' (Shear-jashub, the name of Isaiah's first son in chapter 7) shows how the prophet's children's names functioned as living prophetic signs for the people.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Isaías 10:1Seventh "woe" in the series that began in chapter 5: against those who decree unjust laws and force scribes to write decisions that harm the weakest—institutionalized corruption, not just individual wrongdoing.
  2. Isaías 10:2It details the crime: turning the poor away from justice, robbing the cause of the afflicted, stripping widows, and plundering orphans—the same vulnerable groups from throughout the book, now victims of laws made against them.
  3. Isaías 10:3A rhetorical question directed at these corrupt officials: what will you do on the "day of visitation," when destruction comes from far away? Whom will you run to, where will you hide the riches you have piled up?
  4. Isaías 10:4The question continues: with no alternative, they will only crouch among the prisoners or fall among the dead—and even after this punishment, God's anger will still not be satisfied, repeating the refrain from chapter 9.
  5. Isaías 10:5Calling Assyria the rod of God's anger means this power acts as an instrument of punishment in His hands, even without knowing or intending it. Assyria thinks it conquers on its own, but the text sees it as a borrowed tool.
  6. Isaías 10:6God explains how He will use Assyria: sent against a "hypocritical nation," Judah itself, to plunder and trample the people like mud in the streets—Assyria acting as a borrowed instrument of punishment.
  7. Isaías 10:7But Assyria does not see it that way: in the Assyrian king's heart is only destroying and wiping out nations, with no awareness at all of fulfilling God's purpose.
  8. Isaías 10:8Assyrian arrogance shows up in the king's own words: he boasts that all his commanders are as good as kings, displaying the size of his military power.
  9. Isaías 10:9Calno, Carchemish, Hamath, Arpad, and Damascus were cities and kingdoms already conquered by Assyria before Samaria and Jerusalem. The verse is the confident speech of the Assyrian king himself, listing past victories to prove that no one escapes him.
  10. Isaías 10:10The Assyrian king keeps boasting: he has already conquered kingdoms with idols even more impressive than those of Jerusalem and Samaria, so why would Judah be any different?
  11. Isaías 10:11The king's arrogant logic concludes: if he has already done the same to Samaria and its idols, why would he not do the same to Jerusalem?
  12. Isaías 10:12But after using Assyria as an instrument, God will turn against it as well: once He finishes His work in Zion, He will punish the arrogance of the Assyrian king's heart and the pride of his eyes.
  13. Isaías 10:13It reproduces the proud speech of the Assyrian king: he credits his conquests only to his own strength and wisdom, boasting of having plundered riches and subdued entire peoples as if it were entirely his own doing.
  14. Isaías 10:14The king's speech continues: he compares the plundered riches to gathering eggs from a nest, so easy that no one resisted—no nation "moved the wing" to defend itself, showing the arrogance behind such easy victories.
  15. Isaías 10:15God's answer to this arrogance: an axe does not boast before the one who wields it, nor does a saw exalt itself over the one who pulls it—Assyria is only a tool, it cannot take pride in what the hand holding it decides.
  16. Isaías 10:16As punishment for this arrogance, God will send leanness among the "fat ones," the Assyrian elite, and kindle a fire under their glory—the same force used against Judah will turn against the one who used it.
  17. Isaías 10:17"The light of Israel" and "his Holy One," names for God, become a fire that consumes Assyria's thorns and briers in a single day—an image of swift, total destruction.
  18. Isaías 10:18The fire also consumes the "glory of his forest, and of his fruitful field," body and soul, until so little is left that it is like a standard-bearer fainting—an image of total collapse, even symbols of power crumble.
  19. Isaías 10:19After the devastation, so few trees are left in the Assyrian forest that even a child could count and write down the number—an image of near-complete destruction.
  20. Isaías 10:20The focus shifts to Israel: on that day, the remnant will stop trusting the one who struck them, Assyria, and will truly trust only in the LORD—a lesson learned after suffering.
  21. Isaías 10:21It repeats the central idea of a "remnant": only those left of Jacob will truly turn back to the mighty God, reinforcing the theme already seen in chapter 6.
  22. Isaías 10:22The idea of a remnant returns here: even if Israel's people are as numerous as the sand of the sea, only a small part will survive and turn back after the destruction. It is the same promise from chapter 6, that things never end completely.
  23. Isaías 10:23It confirms that the destruction has already been decided by the LORD of hosts and will be carried out over that whole land—not a vague threat, but a sentence already determined.
  24. Isaías 10:24The phrase "after the manner of Egypt" recalls the oppression in Egypt before the Exodus. The text promises that God will free Judah from Assyria the same way He freed the people from Pharaoh. The yoke mentioned was the wooden bar used to bind oxen or slaves to their labor.
  25. Isaías 10:25Temporary comfort: in a little while, God's indignation against the people will run its course, and it will turn instead to consume Assyria itself.
  26. Isaías 10:26It promises that God will raise up punishment against Assyria as He did in the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb, a reference to Gideon's victory, and as He opened the sea against Egypt—two ancient deliverances as the model for the new one.
  27. Isaías 10:27On that day, Assyria's burden and yoke will be lifted from the people's shoulder and neck, and the yoke itself will be broken "because of the anointing"—the weight of oppression finally lifted.
  28. Isaías 10:28This list of cities—Aiath, Migron, Michmash, Geba, Ramah, Gibeah—traces the path of an invading army approaching Jerusalem from the north. It goes city by city, almost like a real-time war report.
  29. Isaías 10:29The account of the invading army's advance continues: they cross the pass, camp at Geba, and nearby cities like Ramah and Gibeah of Saul tremble and flee—a map of panic spreading city by city.
  30. Isaías 10:30The text calls directly on the threatened cities to cry out and pay attention—Gallim, Laish, and poor Anathoth are named as the army draws closer to Jerusalem.
  31. Isaías 10:31More cities in the invasion's path: Madmenah has already fled, the residents of Gebim run in groups—panic keeps spreading as the army advances.
  32. Isaías 10:32The army reaches Nob, from where it can already see and threaten with its hand Mount Zion itself, the hill of Jerusalem—the enemy is practically at the capital's gates.
  33. Isaías 10:33But right at the moment the danger seems greatest, the LORD steps in: He lops off the "bough," the proud army, with terror, cutting down those of great height and the haughty—a sudden reversal.
  34. Isaías 10:34It ends with the image of a dense forest being cut down with iron, and Lebanon, a symbol of strength and grandeur, falling by the hand of a mighty one—the final collapse of Assyrian power pictured as total deforestation.

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