Isaías 10

BLIVRE · Chapter 10/66

1Ai dos que decretam ordenanças injustas, e dos que escribas que escrevem coisas opressivas,

2Para afastarem aos pobres de seu direito, e para tomarem o direito dos pobres de meu povo; para despojarem as viúvas, e para roubarem aos órfãos.

3Mas que fareis no dia da visitação e da assolação, [que] virá de longe? A quem recorrereis por socorro? E onde deixareis vossa glória?

4[Nada podem fazer] ,a não ser se abaterem entre os presos, e caírem entre os mortos. Com tudo isto, sua ira não cessará, e sua mão ainda está estendida.

5Ai da Assíria, a vara de minha ira; porque minha indignação é pão em suas mãos.

6Eu a enviarei contra um povo corrompido, e lhe darei ordem contra um povo do qual me enfureço; para que roube ao roubo, e despoje ao despojo, e para que o pisem como a lama das ruas;

7Ainda que ela não pense assim, nem pretenda isso seu coração; em vez disso, [deseja] em seu coração destruir e eliminar não poucas nações.

8Pois diz: Por acaso os meus generais, não são todos eles reis?

9Não é Calno como Carquemis? Não é Hamate como Arpade? Não é Samaria como Damasco?

10Assim como minha mão tomou aos reinos dos ídolos, cujas imagens eram melhores que Jerusalém e as de Samaria,

11Por acaso não farei eu a Jerusalém e a seus ídolos da mesma maneira que fiz a Samaria e a seus ídolos?

12Porque acontecerá que, quando o Senhor tiver acabado toda sua obra no monte de Sião em Jerusalém, então: Visitarei [para castigar] o fruto da arrogância da rei da Assíria e a pompa do orgulho de seus olhos.

13Pois ele diz: Fiz [isso] com a força de minha mão e com minha sabedoria, pois sou esperto; e tirei as fronteiras dos povos, e roubei seus bens, e como guerreiro abati aos moradores.

14E minha mão tomou as riquezas dos povos como a um ninho; e como se juntam ovos abandonados, assim eu juntei toda a terra; e não houve quem movesse asa, ou abrisse boca, ou fizesse ruído.

15Por acaso o machado se glorificará contra aquele que com ele corta? Ou a serra se engrandecerá contra aquele que a manuseia? [Seria] como se fosse o bastão que movesse aos que o levantam, como se a vara fosse capaz de levantar, [como se ela] não [fosse apenas] madeira.

16Por isso o Senhor DEUS dos exércitos enviará magreza entre seus gordos; e em lugar de sua glória ele inflamará um incêndio, como um incêndio de fogo.

17E a Luz de Israel virá a ser fogo, e seu Santo, labareda, que queima e consome seus espinhos e seus cardos em um dia.

18Também consumirá a glória de sua floresta, e de seu campo fértil, desde a alma até a carne; e será como quando um doente se definha.

19E o resto das árvores de sua floresta será tão pouco em número, que um menino será capaz de contá-las.

20E acontecerá naquele dia, que os restantes de Israel e os que escaparam da casa de Jacó nunca mais confiarão naquele que os feriu; ao invés disso, confiarão verdadeiramente no SENHOR, o Santo de Israel.

21Os restantes se converterão, os restantes de Jacó, ao Deus Forte.

22Porque ainda que teu povo, ó Israel, seja como a areia do mar, [apenas] o restante dele se converterá; a destruição já está decretada, transbordante em justiça.

23Pois a destruição que foi decretada, o Senhor DEUS dos exércitos a executará no meio de toda a terra.

24Por isso assim diz o Senhor DEUS dos exércitos: Não temas, povo meu, que habita em Sião, ao assírio, quando te ferir com vara, e contra ti levantar seu bastão da maneira dos egípcios.

25Pois em breve se completará a indignação e a minha ira, para os consumir.

26Pois o SENHOR dos exércitos levantará um açoite contra ele, como a matança de Midiã junto à rocha de Orebe; e sua vara [estará] sobre o mar, a qual ele levantará da maneira [que ele fez] aos egípcios.

27E acontecerá naquele dia, que sua carga será tirada de teu ombro, e seu jugo de teu pescoço; e o jugo será despedaçado por causa da unção.

28Eles, [os assírios] ,chegaram a Aiate, passaram por Migrom, em Micmás puseram seus instrumentos.

29Passaram o vau, se abrigaram em Geba. Ramá está tremendo, Gibeá de Saul está fugindo.

30Grita com tua voz, ó filha de Galim! Ouve, Laís! Pobre de ti, Anatote!

31Madmena foge; os moradores de Gebim procuram refúgios.

32Ainda hoje parará em Nobe; moverá sua mão [contra] o monte da Filha de Sião, o morro de Jerusalém.

33Eis que o Senhor DEUS dos exércitos cortará os galhos com violência; e os de alta estatura serão cortados, e os elevados serão abatidos.

34E cortará os emaranhados da floresta com machado de ferro; e o Líbano cairá pelo Grandioso.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Isaiah denounces unjust judges who oppress the poor and announces that Assyria will be God's instrument of punishment against Judah — but afterward Assyria itself will be punished for its excessive pride. The chapter closes with the promise that a 'remnant' of Israel will survive and truly trust in the Lord.

Explanation

Assyria was the most feared empire in the Near East in the 8th century BC, known for its military cruelty and already responsible for destroying several neighboring nations. Isaiah presents something surprising: even a pagan empire can be used by God as a 'rod of punishment,' but that does not excuse its arrogance in believing its strength comes from itself alone. The concept of the 'remnant' that truly converts will become one of the book's central themes. The application today is remembering that God can use even difficult circumstances or hostile people to accomplish his purposes, without that justifying the evil they do.

Fun facts

  • The text lists real towns along the Assyrian army's march route toward Jerusalem (Aiath, Migron, Michmash, Geba, Ramah) — a geographical sequence archaeologists can still trace on a map today.
  • The idea of the 'remnant that returns' (Shear-jashub, the name of Isaiah's first son in chapter 7) shows how the prophet's children's names functioned as living prophetic signs for the people.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Isaías 10:1Seventh "woe" in the series that began in chapter 5: against those who decree unjust laws and force scribes to write decisions that harm the weakest—institutionalized corruption, not just individual wrongdoing.
  2. Isaías 10:2It details the crime: turning the poor away from justice, robbing the cause of the afflicted, stripping widows, and plundering orphans—the same vulnerable groups from throughout the book, now victims of laws made against them.
  3. Isaías 10:3A rhetorical question directed at these corrupt officials: what will you do on the "day of visitation," when destruction comes from far away? Whom will you run to, where will you hide the riches you have piled up?
  4. Isaías 10:4The question continues: with no alternative, they will only crouch among the prisoners or fall among the dead—and even after this punishment, God's anger will still not be satisfied, repeating the refrain from chapter 9.
  5. Isaías 10:5Calling Assyria the rod of God's anger means this power acts as an instrument of punishment in His hands, even without knowing or intending it. Assyria thinks it conquers on its own, but the text sees it as a borrowed tool.
  6. Isaías 10:6God explains how He will use Assyria: sent against a "hypocritical nation," Judah itself, to plunder and trample the people like mud in the streets—Assyria acting as a borrowed instrument of punishment.
  7. Isaías 10:7But Assyria does not see it that way: in the Assyrian king's heart is only destroying and wiping out nations, with no awareness at all of fulfilling God's purpose.
  8. Isaías 10:8Assyrian arrogance shows up in the king's own words: he boasts that all his commanders are as good as kings, displaying the size of his military power.
  9. Isaías 10:9Calno, Carchemish, Hamath, Arpad, and Damascus were cities and kingdoms already conquered by Assyria before Samaria and Jerusalem. The verse is the confident speech of the Assyrian king himself, listing past victories to prove that no one escapes him.
  10. Isaías 10:10The Assyrian king keeps boasting: he has already conquered kingdoms with idols even more impressive than those of Jerusalem and Samaria, so why would Judah be any different?
  11. Isaías 10:11The king's arrogant logic concludes: if he has already done the same to Samaria and its idols, why would he not do the same to Jerusalem?
  12. Isaías 10:12But after using Assyria as an instrument, God will turn against it as well: once He finishes His work in Zion, He will punish the arrogance of the Assyrian king's heart and the pride of his eyes.
  13. Isaías 10:13It reproduces the proud speech of the Assyrian king: he credits his conquests only to his own strength and wisdom, boasting of having plundered riches and subdued entire peoples as if it were entirely his own doing.
  14. Isaías 10:14The king's speech continues: he compares the plundered riches to gathering eggs from a nest, so easy that no one resisted—no nation "moved the wing" to defend itself, showing the arrogance behind such easy victories.
  15. Isaías 10:15God's answer to this arrogance: an axe does not boast before the one who wields it, nor does a saw exalt itself over the one who pulls it—Assyria is only a tool, it cannot take pride in what the hand holding it decides.
  16. Isaías 10:16As punishment for this arrogance, God will send leanness among the "fat ones," the Assyrian elite, and kindle a fire under their glory—the same force used against Judah will turn against the one who used it.
  17. Isaías 10:17"The light of Israel" and "his Holy One," names for God, become a fire that consumes Assyria's thorns and briers in a single day—an image of swift, total destruction.
  18. Isaías 10:18The fire also consumes the "glory of his forest, and of his fruitful field," body and soul, until so little is left that it is like a standard-bearer fainting—an image of total collapse, even symbols of power crumble.
  19. Isaías 10:19After the devastation, so few trees are left in the Assyrian forest that even a child could count and write down the number—an image of near-complete destruction.
  20. Isaías 10:20The focus shifts to Israel: on that day, the remnant will stop trusting the one who struck them, Assyria, and will truly trust only in the LORD—a lesson learned after suffering.
  21. Isaías 10:21It repeats the central idea of a "remnant": only those left of Jacob will truly turn back to the mighty God, reinforcing the theme already seen in chapter 6.
  22. Isaías 10:22The idea of a remnant returns here: even if Israel's people are as numerous as the sand of the sea, only a small part will survive and turn back after the destruction. It is the same promise from chapter 6, that things never end completely.
  23. Isaías 10:23It confirms that the destruction has already been decided by the LORD of hosts and will be carried out over that whole land—not a vague threat, but a sentence already determined.
  24. Isaías 10:24The phrase "after the manner of Egypt" recalls the oppression in Egypt before the Exodus. The text promises that God will free Judah from Assyria the same way He freed the people from Pharaoh. The yoke mentioned was the wooden bar used to bind oxen or slaves to their labor.
  25. Isaías 10:25Temporary comfort: in a little while, God's indignation against the people will run its course, and it will turn instead to consume Assyria itself.
  26. Isaías 10:26It promises that God will raise up punishment against Assyria as He did in the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb, a reference to Gideon's victory, and as He opened the sea against Egypt—two ancient deliverances as the model for the new one.
  27. Isaías 10:27On that day, Assyria's burden and yoke will be lifted from the people's shoulder and neck, and the yoke itself will be broken "because of the anointing"—the weight of oppression finally lifted.
  28. Isaías 10:28This list of cities—Aiath, Migron, Michmash, Geba, Ramah, Gibeah—traces the path of an invading army approaching Jerusalem from the north. It goes city by city, almost like a real-time war report.
  29. Isaías 10:29The account of the invading army's advance continues: they cross the pass, camp at Geba, and nearby cities like Ramah and Gibeah of Saul tremble and flee—a map of panic spreading city by city.
  30. Isaías 10:30The text calls directly on the threatened cities to cry out and pay attention—Gallim, Laish, and poor Anathoth are named as the army draws closer to Jerusalem.
  31. Isaías 10:31More cities in the invasion's path: Madmenah has already fled, the residents of Gebim run in groups—panic keeps spreading as the army advances.
  32. Isaías 10:32The army reaches Nob, from where it can already see and threaten with its hand Mount Zion itself, the hill of Jerusalem—the enemy is practically at the capital's gates.
  33. Isaías 10:33But right at the moment the danger seems greatest, the LORD steps in: He lops off the "bough," the proud army, with terror, cutting down those of great height and the haughty—a sudden reversal.
  34. Isaías 10:34It ends with the image of a dense forest being cut down with iron, and Lebanon, a symbol of strength and grandeur, falling by the hand of a mighty one—the final collapse of Assyrian power pictured as total deforestation.

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