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Isaías 63

BLIVRE · Chapter 63/66

1Quem é este, que vem de Edom, de Bozra, com vestes salpicadas de vermelho, este ornado em sua vestimenta, que marcha com grande força? Eu, o que falo em justiça, poderoso para salvar.

2Por que tu estás de roupa vermelha, e tuas vestes como de alguém que pisa em uma prensa de uvas?

3Eu sozinho pisei na prensa de uvas, e ninguém dos povos houve comigo; e os pisei em minha ira, e os esmaguei em meu furor; e o sangue deles salpicou sobre minhas roupas, e sujei toda a minha roupa.

4Porque o dia da vingança estava em meu coração; e o ano de meus redimidos havia chegado.

5E olhei, e não havia quem [me] ajudasse; e me espantei de que não houvesse quem [me] apoiasse; por isso meu braço me trouxe a salvação, e meu furor me apoiou.

6E atropelei os povos em minha ira, e os embebedei em meu furor; e fiz descer o sangue deles até a terra.

7Farei menção das bondades do SENHOR, [e] dos louvores ao SENHOR, conforme tudo quanto o SENHOR fez para nós; e do grande bem à casa de Israel, que ele tem lhes concedido segundo suas misericórdias, e segundo a abundância de suas bondades;

8Pois ele dizia: Certamente eles são meu povo, são filhos que não mentirão; assim ele se tornou o Salvador deles.

9Em toda a angústia deles, ele [também] se angustiou, e o anjo de sua presença os salvou; por seu amor e por sua piedade ele os redimiu; e os tomou, e os carregou [em] todos os dias antigos.

10Porém eles foram rebeldes, e entristeceram seu Espírito Santo; por isso ele se tornou inimigo deles, [e] ele mesmo lutou contra eles.

11Contudo ele se lembrou dos dias antigos, de Moisés, [e] de seu povo. Onde está aquele que os fez subir do mar com os pastores de seu rebanho? Onde está aquele que punha no meio deles seu Espírito Santo?

12[Onde está] aquele que fez seu glorioso braço andar à direita de Moisés, que dividiu as águas perante a presença deles, para fazer seu nome eterno;

13Que os guiou pelos abismos como cavalo no deserto, [de tal modo que] nunca tropeçaram?

14Tal como um animal que desce aos vales, o Espírito do SENHOR lhes deu descanso; assim guiaste a teu povo, para fazeres teu nome ser glorioso.

15Olha desde os céus, e vê desde tua santa e gloriosa habitação; onde está teu zelo e tuas forças? A comoção dos sentimentos de teu interior e de tuas misericórdias se retiveram para comigo.

16Porém tu és nosso Pai, porque Abraão não sabe de nós, nem Israel nos conhece. Tu, SENHOR, és nosso Pai; desde os tempos antigos o teu nome é Nosso Redentor.

17Por que, ó SENHOR, tu nos fazes andar fora de teus caminhos? Por que endureces nosso coração para que não tenhamos temor a ti? Volta, por favor a teus servos, às tribos de tua herança.

18Por um pouco de tempo teu santo povo [a] possuiu; nossos adversários pisaram teu santuário.

19Nós nos tornamos [como aqueles] de quem nunca dominaste, [semelhantes] aos que nunca foram chamados pelo teu nome.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

A dramatic vision of a warrior coming from Edom with garments stained red, who reveals himself to be the Lord himself, treading alone the "winepress" of wrath against the nations. The chapter continues with a remembrance of God's past faithfulness and a prayer asking him to act again as before.

Explanation

The striking image of the warrior with garments stained crimson "like him that treadeth in the winefat" uses winemaking imagery (treading grapes with the feet) as a powerful and violent metaphor for divine judgment on the hostile nations, with Edom once again standing as Israel's symbolic enemy. The second half of the chapter shifts tone completely, becoming a prayer recalling the "lovingkindnesses of the Lord" during the Exodus, mentioning Moses and asking, "where is he that brought them up out of the sea?" in a sincere cry for a new divine intervention. This kind of prayer, blending historical remembrance with present petition, is a common pattern in the psalms of lament. The practical application today is that actively remembering how God acted in the past can strengthen faith and prayer in times of present difficulty.

Fun facts

  • The image of the warrior with blood-stained garments "like him that treadeth in the winefat" is picked up almost word for word in Revelation 19:13, in the description of Christ returning in judgment, showing this passage's strong influence on Christian apocalyptic literature.
  • The question "where is he that brought them up out of the sea with the shepherd of his flock?" (v. 11) is a direct reference to Moses and the crossing of the Red Sea, used here as an argument in prayer: if God acted this way before, he could act again.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Isaías 63:1The dyed garments again point to Edom’s capital, Bozrah, the same city from chapter 34, and set up the next image, of the winepress. Here it is God Himself who arrives victorious from a battle against this enemy nation.
  2. Isaías 63:2Treading grapes in the winepress was how wine was made at the time: grapes crushed underfoot, staining clothes red. The prophet uses this common everyday scene to describe, in violent terms, a military victory — the liquid staining God’s garments is the blood of defeated enemies, not real wine.
  3. Isaías 63:3“I have trodden the winepress alone” describes God acting by Himself in the battle against Edom, with no allied army, and the blood sprinkled on His garments returns to the same violent image from the start of the chapter, of wine as a metaphor for spilled blood.
  4. Isaías 63:4“The day of vengeance” and “the year of my redeemed” combine two seemingly opposite concepts, punishment and healing, suggesting that the judgment on Edom also serves to restore or relieve Israel.
  5. Isaías 63:5“There was none to help” nearly repeats the phrase from chapter 59, reinforcing the pattern that, faced with the absence of any ally, it is God’s own arm that secures the victory.
  6. Isaías 63:6Trampling down the peoples and bringing their strength “to the earth” continues the description of the victory over Edom, an image of complete domination with no resistance capable of stopping the attack.
  7. Isaías 63:7From here the tone shifts from war to grateful remembrance: the text now recalls the “lovingkindnesses” and “mercies” of the Lord toward the house of Israel throughout its whole history.
  8. Isaías 63:8“Children that will not lie” describes God’s original expectation when He chose the people as His own, a hope that contrasts with the rebellion reported right after.
  9. Isaías 63:9The expression about the angel who accompanies the people is unusual, tied to the idea of a presence of God walking alongside them. It’s used here to recall how God personally shared in the people’s suffering throughout their whole history, not just watched from a distance.
  10. Isaías 63:10“Vexed his holy Spirit” is one of the Old Testament’s few mentions of this specific expression, describing how the people’s rebellion turned God, who should have been an ally, into a direct adversary.
  11. Isaías 63:11Remembering “the days of old, Moses,” recovers the Exodus as a reference point for a time when the relationship with God worked well, asking where that same power that guided the people through the sea is now.
  12. Isaías 63:12“Dividing the water before them” returns to the crossing of the Red Sea, the same historical anchor repeated several times in the book to justify hope for a similar new act of deliverance.
  13. Isaías 63:13Guiding the people through the depths of the sea “as an horse in the wilderness,” without stumbling, describes an impossible crossing made with total ease, reinforcing the miraculous character of the remembered event.
  14. Isaías 63:14Comparing the rest given to the people to cattle going peacefully down into the valley extends the pastoral image used elsewhere in the book, here tied specifically to the Exodus journey through the wilderness.
  15. Isaías 63:15The request for God to “look down from heaven, and behold” directly questions why the same zeal and strength of other times seem restrained now, a transition from historical remembrance to present supplication.
  16. Isaías 63:16Saying that Abraham does not know the people today is an acknowledgment that the dead patriarchs can no longer intervene in their lives. The text uses this to reinforce that the one acting now, directly, is God, called Father here, with no need for an ancestral intermediary.
  17. Isaías 63:17The question about why God “hardened our heart” echoes the language used about Pharaoh in the Exodus, now disturbingly applied to God’s own people, asking why God’s distance seems to have caused the people’s own estrangement.
  18. Isaías 63:18“But a little while” acknowledges that the people’s possession of the land was brief compared to the longer history of oppression, and “trodden down thy sanctuary” probably refers to the temple’s destruction by the Babylonians.
  19. Isaías 63:19Comparing themselves to peoples “thou never barest rule over” expresses the feeling of abandonment at the height of the plea: feeling as distant from God as a nation that never had any relationship with Him at all.

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