Jó 19

ARC · Chapter 19/42

1Respondeu porém Job, e disse:

2Até quando entristecereis a minha alma, e me quebrantareis com palavras?

3Já dez vezes me envergonhastes; vergonha não tendes: contra mim vos endureceis.

4Embora haja eu, na verdade, errado, comigo ficará o meu erro.

5Se devéras vos levantaes contra mim, e me arguis com o meu opprobrio,

6Sabei agora que Deus é o que me transtornou, e com a sua rede me cercou.

7Eis que clamo: Violencia; porém não sou ouvido; grito: Soccorro; porém não ha justiça.

8O meu caminho entrincheirou, e já não posso passar, e nas minhas veredas poz trevas.

9Da minha honra me despojou; e tirou-me a corôa da minha cabeça.

10Derribou-me elle em roda, e eu me vou, e arrancou a minha esperança, como a uma arvore.

11E fez inflammar contrar mim a sua ira, e me reputou para comsigo, como a seus inimigos.

12Juntas vieram as suas tropas, e prepararam contra mim o seu caminho, e se acamparam ao redor da minha tenda.

13Poz longe de mim a meus irmãos, e os que me conhecem devéras me estranharam.

14Os meus parentes me deixaram, e os meus conhecidos se esqueceram de mim.

15Os meus domesticos e as minhas servas me reputaram como um estranho, e vim a ser um estrangeiro aos seus olhos.

16Chamei a meu creado, e elle me não respondeu, supplicando-lhe eu por minha propria bocca.

17O meu bafo se fez estranho a minha mulher, e eu a supplico pelos filhos do meu corpo.

18Até os rapazes me desprezam, e, levantando-me eu, fallam contra mim.

19Todos os homens do meu secreto conselho me abominam, e até os que eu amava se tornaram contra mim.

20Os meus ossos se apegaram á minha pelle e á minha carne, e escapei só com a pelle dos meus dentes.

21Compadecei-vos de mim, amigos meus, compadecei-vos de mim, porque a mão de Deus me tocou.

22Porque me perseguis assim como Deus, e da minha carne vos não fartaes?

23Quem me déra agora, que as minhas palavras se escrevessem! quem me dera, que se gravassem n'um livro!

24E que, com penna de ferro, e com chumbo, para sempre fossem esculpidas na rocha!

25Porque eu sei que o meu Redemptor vive, e que estará em pé no derradeiro dia sobre o pó.

26E depois de roida a minha pelle, comtudo desde a minha carne verei a Deus,

27A quem eu verei por mim mesmo, e os meus olhos o verão, e não outro: e por isso os meus rins se consomem no meu seio.

28Na verdade, que devieis dizer: Porque o perseguimos? Pois a raiz da accusação se acha em mim.

29Temei vós mesmos a espada; porque o furor traz os castigos da espada, para saberdes que haverá um juizo.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Job laments having been abandoned by relatives, servants, and friends, feeling surrounded by the hostility of both God and men. In the midst of his despair, he declares with remarkable conviction that his Redeemer lives and that one day he will see God with his own eyes, even after death.

Explanation

Job's list of social abandonment — relatives, servants, his wife, even children who despise him — realistically portrays how serious illness and reversals of fortune could completely isolate a person in ancient society, where reputation and social network were essential to survival. The declaration "I know that my redeemer liveth" (verse 25) is one of the high points of hope in the entire book, expressing unshakable faith in a future vindication, whether in life or beyond death, even without a fully developed theology of resurrection at the time. Application for today: even in the deepest isolation, it is possible to declare faith in a final justice and restoration that goes beyond what can be seen or proven in the present.

Fun facts

  • The phrase "I know that my redeemer liveth" (verse 25) directly inspired one of the most famous arias of George Frideric Handel's oratorio "Messiah," still sung today in Christmas and Easter performances around the world.
  • The Hebrew word translated "Redeemer" (goel) originally referred to a close relative with the legal responsibility to rescue a family member from slavery, buy back land that had been sold, or avenge unjustly shed blood — a concrete legal and family concept in ancient Hebrew society.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Jó 19:1“Then Job answered and said” opens the reply to Bildad’s second speech — inside it comes the most famous line in the entire book.
  2. Jó 19:2Job asks how long they will torment his soul and crush him with words — he is exhausted by the repetition of the same arguments.
  3. Jó 19:3Job says he has already been shamed “these ten times” — a way of saying “countless times” — and questions the friends’ lack of shame in continuing.
  4. Jó 19:4Even if he had erred, Job says, the fault would be his alone — it would not justify the kind of public judgment the friends are handing down.
  5. Jó 19:5Job accuses his friends of using his own disaster as if it were proof against him — a circular logic he rejects.
  6. Jó 19:6Job openly accuses God of wronging him, without qualification and without admitting any fault of his own.
  7. Jó 19:7Job cries “wrong” and calls for help, but is not heard by God or by anyone — the feeling of total injustice, with no answer from any direction.
  8. Jó 19:8He describes God blocking his way with a wall and covering his paths with darkness — the sense of being completely closed in, with no way out.
  9. Jó 19:9Job says he has been stripped of his own honor, with the “crown” taken from his head — royal language describing the total loss of dignity and status.
  10. Jó 19:10God tears him down on every side and uproots his hope like a tree — an image even harsher than the one in chapter 14, where at least the cut tree could sprout again.
  11. Jó 19:11Job feels God has kindled anger against him and treats him as an enemy — repeating the complaint of being treated as an adversary, not as a faithful servant.
  12. Jó 19:12The image of siege troops camping around Job’s tent is military language: he feels like a city besieged by God himself.
  13. Jó 19:13The list of abandonment — relatives, servants, even wife and street children — shows Job’s total social isolation, not just his physical illness.
  14. Jó 19:14Relatives have abandoned him and acquaintances have forgotten him — continuing the social isolation described in the previous verse about his brothers.
  15. Jó 19:15Even guests and maidservants of his own household now treat him as a stranger — Job has become an outsider inside his own home.
  16. Jó 19:16Job calls his own servant and gets no answer, having to beg with his own mouth — the authority he once had as head of the household is gone.
  17. Jó 19:17His breath has become repulsive even to his wife, and he must plead with his own blood brothers — the rejection reaches the closest possible circle.
  18. Jó 19:18Even small children despise him and speak against him when he rises — humiliation comes from every level of society, even from the weakest.
  19. Jó 19:19All his close friends abhor him, and even those he loved have turned against him — the total collapse of every affectionate relationship Job had.
  20. Jó 19:20“I am escaped with the skin of my teeth” is the origin of the expression still used today — Job describes a body so consumed that almost nothing is left.
  21. Jó 19:21Job makes a direct, moving appeal: “Have pity upon me, have pity upon me, O ye my friends” — a plea for simple compassion, since the hand of God has touched him.
  22. Jó 19:22He asks why the friends persecute him as God does, never satisfied with his flesh — accusing them of joining the attack instead of easing it.
  23. Jó 19:23Job wishes his words were written down, recorded in a book — he wants his case documented, perhaps to be read and understood in the future.
  24. Jó 19:24He asks for something even more permanent: engraved with an iron pen and lead in the rock itself — the wish that his testimony never fade.
  25. Jó 19:25“For I know that my redeemer liveth” is the most famous line in the book. “Redeemer” translates the Hebrew goel, the nearest relative who under ancient law had the duty to avenge or ransom a family member. Job trusts that someone will defend his cause, even if he is already dead by the time it happens.
  26. Jó 19:26“Yet in my flesh shall I see God” is still debated among scholars today — it is not clear whether Job speaks of seeing God still alive, after being healed, or after death; the Hebrew behind it is ambiguous enough to support both readings.
  27. Jó 19:27Job insists he will see this defender “for myself,” with his own eyes, and not another — the emotion of the idea is so strong that he says he feels his own kidneys consumed within him.
  28. Jó 19:28Job anticipates his friends’ next move, imagining them saying “the root of the matter is found in me” — he expects them to keep hunting for guilt instead of recognizing the injustice.
  29. Jó 19:29Job turns the warning on them: fear the sword, because wrath also brings punishment — he warns that the friends themselves may be judged for accusing him unjustly.

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