Gênesis 43

ARC · Chapter 43/50

1E a fome era gravissima na terra.

2E aconteceu que, como acabaram de comer o mantimento que trouxeram do Egypto, disse-lhes seu pae: Tornae, comprae-nos um pouco de alimento.

3Mas Judah respondeu-lhe, dizendo: Fortemente nos protestou aquelle varão, dizendo: Não vereis a minha face, se o vosso irmão não vier comvosco.

4Se enviares comnosco o nosso irmão, desceremos, e te compraremos alimento;

5Mas se não o enviares, não desceremos; porquanto aquelle varão nos disse: Não vereis a minha face, se o vosso irmão não vier comvosco.

6E disse Israel: Porque me fizestes tal mal, fazendo saber áquelle varão que tinheis ainda outro irmão?

7E elles disseram: Aquelle varão particularmente nos perguntou por nós, e pela nossa parentela, dizendo: Vive ainda vosso pae? tendes mais um irmão? e respondemos-lhe conforme as mesmas palavras. Podiamos nós saber que diria: Trazei vosso irmão?

8Então disse Judah a Israel, seu pae: Envia o mancebo commigo, e levantar-nos-hemos, e iremos, para que vivamos, e não morramos, nem nós, nem tu, nem os nossos filhos.

9Eu serei fiador por elle, da minha mão o requererás; se eu não t'o trouxer, e não o pozer perante a tua face, serei réu de crime para comtigo para sempre:

10E se nós não nos tivessemos detido, certamente já estariamos segunda vez de volta.

11Então disse-lhes Israel, seu pae: Pois que assim é, fazei isso; tomae do mais precioso d'esta terra em vossos vasos, e levae ao varão um presente: um pouco de balsamo, e um pouco de mel, especiarias, e myrrha, terebintho e amendoas;

12E tomae em vossas mãos dinheiro dobrado, e o dinheiro que tornou na bocca dos vossos saccos tornae a levar em vossas mãos; bem pode ser que fosse erro;

13Tomae tambem a vosso irmão, e levantae-vos, e voltae áquelle varão;

14E Deus Todo-poderoso vos dê misericordia diante do varão, para que deixe vir comvosco vosso outro irmão, e Benjamin; e eu, se fôr desfilhado, desfilhado ficarei.

15E os varões tomaram aquelle presente, e tomaram dinheiro dobrado em suas mãos, e a Benjamin: e levantaram-se, e desceram ao Egypto, e apresentaram-se diante da face de José.

16Vendo pois José a Benjamin com elles, disse ao que estava sobre a sua casa: Leva estes varões á casa, e mata rezes, e apresta; porque estes varões comerão commigo ao meio dia.

17E o varão fez como José dissera, e o varão levou aquelles varões á casa de José

18Então temeram aquelles varões, porquanto foram levados á casa de José, e diziam: Por causa do dinheiro que d'antes foi tornado nos nossos saccos, fomos levados aqui, para nos criminar e cair sobre nós, para que nos tome por servos, e a nossos jumentos.

19Por isso chegaram-se ao varão que estava sobre a casa de José, e fallaram com elle á porta da casa,

20E disseram: Ai! senhor meu, certamente descemos d'antes a comprar mantimento;

21E aconteceu que, chegando nós á venda, e abrindo os nossos saccos, eis que o dinheiro de cada varão estava na bocca do seu sacco, nosso dinheiro por seu peso; e tornamos a trazel-o em nossas mãos;

22Tambem trouxemos outro dinheiro em nossas mãos, para comprar mantimento; não sabemos quem tenha posto o nosso dinheiro nos nossos saccos.

23E elle disse: Paz seja comvosco, não temaes; o vosso Deus, e o Deus de vosso pae, vos tem dado um thesoiro nos vossos saccos; o vosso dinheiro me chegou a mim. E trouxe-lhes fóra a Simeão.

24Depois levou o varão aquelles varões á casa de José, e deu-lhes agua, e lavaram os seus pés; tambem deu pasto aos seus jumentos.

25E prepararam o presente, para quando José viesse ao meio dia; porque tinham ouvido que ali haviam de comer pão.

26Vindo pois José a casa, trouxeram-lhe a casa o presente, que estava na sua mão; e inclinaram-se a elle á terra.

27E elle lhes perguntou como estavam, e disse: Vosso pae, o velho de quem fallastes, está bem? ainda vive?

28E elles disseram: Bem está o teu servo, nosso pae vive ainda. E abaixaram a cabeça, e inclinaram-se.

29E elle levantou os seus olhos, e viu a Benjamin, seu irmão, filho de sua mãe, e disse: Este é vosso irmão mais novo de quem me fallastes? Depois elle disse: Deus te dê a sua graça, meu filho

30E José apressou-se, porque as suas entranhas moveram-se para o seu irmão, e procurou onde chorar; e entrou na camara, e chorou ali.

31Depois lavou o seu rosto, e saiu; e conteve-se, e disse: Ponde pão.

32E pozeram-lhe a elle á parte, e a elles á parte, e aos egypcios, que comiam com elle, á parte; porque os egypcios não podem comer pão com os hebreus, porquanto é abominação para os egypcios.

33E assentaram-se diante d'elle, o primogenito segundo a sua primogenitura, e o menor segundo a sua menoridade: do que os varões se maravilhavam entre si.

34E apresentou-lhes as porções que estavam diante d'elle; porém a porção de Benjamin era cinco vezes maior do que as porções d'elles todos. E elles beberam, e se regalaram com elle.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

As the famine persists, Judah personally pledges himself for Benjamin's safety to convince Jacob to let him go to Egypt; the brothers are received by Joseph with a surprisingly generous feast.

Explanation

This chapter shows the remarkable transformation of Judah, who years earlier had proposed selling Joseph as a slave (Genesis 37:26-27) and now offers himself as personal guarantor for Benjamin's safety before his own father, taking full responsibility should anything go wrong. This change of character — from someone willing to sacrifice a brother for profit to someone willing to sacrifice himself for another brother — is central to the family's moral development throughout these stories. The banquet Joseph prepares, with special honors and a larger portion for Benjamin, is at once a gesture of genuine welcome and yet another subtle test, observing how the brothers would react to the youngest brother being favored again — the very situation that once sparked envy against Joseph. Today's lesson is that genuine personal growth is proven by how we respond, years later, to situations that once led us into sin.

Fun facts

  • The observation that 'the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomination unto the Egyptians' (v. 32) is confirmed by historical records and by accounts from the Greek historian Herodotus, who describes the ancient Egyptians as holding strong cultural restrictions against eating with foreigners.
  • Benjamin's portion of food being 'five times' larger than his brothers' (v. 34) is a quiet, deliberate test by Joseph, probing exactly the same kind of favoritism that once drove his brothers to commit their crime against him.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Gênesis 43:1The famine keeps worsening in Canaan, forcing the family to face the trip to Egypt again.
  2. Gênesis 43:2As soon as the grain they brought runs out, Jacob asks his sons to go back for more — without, at first, mentioning the condition about Benjamin.
  3. Gênesis 43:3Judah reminds his father of the non-negotiable condition set by the Egyptian governor: they won’t even see his face without bringing their youngest brother.
  4. Gênesis 43:4It’s Judah who personally guarantees Benjamin’s safety before Jacob — the same promise he’ll fulfill by offering himself as a slave in his brother’s place, in the next chapter.
  5. Gênesis 43:5He repeats the condition as a negative: without Benjamin, there’s no point even trying to go, because they won’t be received.
  6. Gênesis 43:6Jacob still complains, blaming his sons for having told the governor there was another brother at home.
  7. Gênesis 43:7The sons defend themselves, explaining that the man asked detailed questions about the family, and they simply answered honestly, with no idea he would ask them to bring the brother.
  8. Gênesis 43:8Judah presses his father, arguing that everyone’s survival — brothers, father, and even the children — depends on this trip.
  9. Gênesis 43:9Judah personally pledges himself as guarantor for Benjamin, accepting eternal blame before his father if he doesn’t bring him back.
  10. Gênesis 43:10Judah even laments the time lost arguing: if they had decided sooner, they would already be back from the second trip.
  11. Gênesis 43:11The gift Jacob sends to the Egyptian governor is made of Canaan’s most valuable goods: aromatic resins, honey, spices, pistachios, and almonds, used in perfumery, medicine, and fine cooking. Bringing a gift like this before asking a favor was the expected protocol when approaching a powerful authority.
  12. Gênesis 43:12Jacob gives in and instructs them to take double the money, including the amount that mysteriously came back in the sacks — perhaps thinking it was a simple counting error.
  13. Gênesis 43:13Jacob finally allows them to take Benjamin too, giving in to the pressure of the famine and Judah’s insistence.
  14. Gênesis 43:14“God Almighty” translates an ancient Hebrew name for God, used especially in moments of great distress. And when Jacob says that if he is to be “bereaved,” bereaved he will be, he’s resigning himself: he has already lost Joseph, fears losing Benjamin and Simeon, and says he will accept whatever comes.
  15. Gênesis 43:15The brothers set out with the gift, the doubled money, and Benjamin, and present themselves again before Joseph in Egypt.
  16. Gênesis 43:16Ordering animals slaughtered and a meal prepared was a clear sign that Joseph was receiving the brothers as honored guests, not as prisoners. Slaughtering an animal for a meal was reserved for special occasions, since fresh meat wasn’t everyday food.
  17. Gênesis 43:17The steward of Joseph’s house carries out the order he received and leads the brothers to Joseph’s residence.
  18. Gênesis 43:18The brothers are terrified at being brought into the house, thinking they’ll be accused over the money found in their sacks and reduced to slavery.
  19. Gênesis 43:19Worried, they approach the steward right at the door of the house to explain the situation before anything worse happens.
  20. Gênesis 43:20They start by explaining that they had already come before just to buy grain, with no intention of deceiving anyone.
  21. Gênesis 43:21They explain in detail how, opening their sacks on the first trip, they found their own money back, and that they brought it now to return it.
  22. Gênesis 43:22They explain they also brought new money to buy more grain, and admit they don’t know who put the earlier amount back in their sacks.
  23. Gênesis 43:23The steward reassures them, attributing the money to a blessing from their God, and confirms he had already received the correct payment — and he even brings Simeon back out to the brothers.
  24. Gênesis 43:24The steward offers the standard hospitality of the time: water to wash their feet and feed for the animals, treating the visitors well.
  25. Gênesis 43:25The brothers prepare the gift they brought, already knowing, from the treatment they received, that they would eat with Joseph at noon.
  26. Gênesis 43:26When Joseph arrives, they hand over the gift and bow to the ground before him — again, without knowing who is really standing in front of them.
  27. Gênesis 43:27Joseph asks about the health of the elderly father mentioned in the earlier conversation — a personal question he can’t resist asking.
  28. Gênesis 43:28The brothers confirm their father is still alive and well, bowing again before the governor.
  29. Gênesis 43:29Seeing Benjamin, his only full brother, Joseph asks if this is the younger brother mentioned earlier, and blesses him, saying, “God be gracious unto thee, my son.”
  30. Gênesis 43:30Emotion overwhelms Joseph at the sight of Benjamin, and he has to leave quickly to weep alone, still hiding his own identity.
  31. Gênesis 43:31After composing himself, Joseph washes his face, returns with control restored, and gives the order to have the meal served.
  32. Gênesis 43:32The Egyptians avoided eating at the same table as foreigners like the Hebrews — that’s why Joseph dines separately from his brothers, and the brothers separately from the Egyptians. The exact reason for this custom isn’t fully known: it may have been religious, tied to the animals Hebrews ate, or simply a matter of social separation.
  33. Gênesis 43:33The brothers are seated in exact birth order, from oldest to youngest — a detail that leaves them amazed, unable to understand how a foreign Egyptian would know that.
  34. Gênesis 43:34Giving Benjamin a portion five times larger than the others was, in an ancient meal, a symbolic gesture of honor: the bigger the portion served to someone, the greater the status the host was showing them. Joseph is also testing whether the brothers will feel envy toward Benjamin, as they once felt toward him.

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