Gênesis 43

BLIVRE · Chapter 43/50

1E a fome era grande na terra.

2E aconteceu que quando acabaram de comer o trigo que trouxeram do Egito, disse-lhes seu pai: Voltai, e comprai para nós um pouco de alimento.

3E respondeu Judá, dizendo: Aquele homem nos advertiu com ânimo decidido, dizendo: Não vereis meu rosto sem vosso irmão convosco.

4Se enviares a nosso irmão conosco, desceremos e te compraremos alimento:

5Porém se não lhe enviares, não desceremos: porque aquele homem nos disse: Não vereis meu rosto sem vosso irmão convosco.

6E disse Israel: Por que me fizestes tanto mal, declarando ao homem que tínheis mais irmão?

7E eles responderam: Aquele homem nos perguntou expressamente por nós, e por nossa parentela, dizendo: Vive ainda vosso pai? Tendes outro irmão? E lhe declaramos conforme estas palavras. Podíamos nós saber que havia de dizer: Fazei vir a vosso irmão?

8Então Judá disse a Israel seu pai: Envia ao jovem comigo, e nos levantaremos e iremos, a fim que vivamos e não morramos nós, e tu, e nossos filhos.

9Eu sou fiador dele; a mim me pedirás conta dele; se eu não o devolver a ti e o puser diante de ti, serei para ti o culpado todos os dias:

10Que se não nos tivéssemos detido, certo agora teríamos já voltado duas vezes.

11Então Israel seu pai lhes respondeu: Pois que assim é, fazei-o; tomai do melhor da terra em vossos vasos, e levai àquele homem um presente, um pouco de bálsamo, e um pouco de mel, aromas e mirra, nozes e amêndoas.

12E tomai em vossas mãos dobrado dinheiro, e levai em vossa mão o dinheiro que voltou nas bocas de vossos sacos; talvez tenha sido erro.

13Tomai também a vosso irmão, e levantai-vos, e voltai àquele homem.

14E o Deus Todo-Poderoso vos dê misericórdias diante daquele homem, e vos solte ao outro vosso irmão, e a este Benjamim. E se eu tiver de ser privado de meus filhos, assim seja.

15Então tomaram aqueles homens o presente, e tomaram em sua mão dobrado dinheiro, e a Benjamim; e se levantaram, e desceram ao Egito, e apresentaram-se diante de José.

16E viu José a Benjamim com eles, e disse ao mordomo de sua casa: Mete em casa a esses homens, e degola um animal, e prepara-o; porque estes homens comerão comigo ao meio-dia.

17E fez o homem como José disse; e meteu aquele homem aos homens em casa de José.

18E aqueles homens tiveram temor, quando foram metidos na casa de José, e diziam: Pelo dinheiro que voltou em nossos sacos a primeira vez nos trouxeram aqui, para virem contra nós, e nos atacar, e tomar por servos a nós, e a nossos asnos.

19E aproximaram-se do mordomo da casa de José, e lhe falaram à entrada da casa.

20E disseram: Ai, senhor meu, nós em realidade de verdade descemos ao princípio a comprar alimentos:

21E aconteceu que quando viemos ao lugar de parada e abrimos nossos sacos, eis que o dinheiro de cada um estava na boca de seu saco, nosso dinheiro em seu justo peso; e o devolvemos em nossas mãos.

22Trouxemos também em nossas mãos outro dinheiro para comprar alimentos: nós não sabemos quem pôs nosso dinheiro em nossos sacos.

23E ele respondeu: Paz a vós, não temais; vosso Deus e o Deus de vosso pai vos deu o tesouro em vossos sacos: vosso dinheiro veio a mim. E tirou a Simeão a eles.

24E aquele homem levou àqueles homens na casa de José: e deu-lhes água, e lavaram seus pés: e deu de comer a seus asnos.

25E eles prepararam o presente antes que viesse José ao meio-dia, porque haviam ouvido que ali haviam de comer pão.

26E veio José a casa, e eles lhe trouxeram o presente que tinham em sua mão dentro de casa, e inclinaram-se a ele em terra.

27Então ele lhes perguntou como estavam, e disse: Vosso pai, o ancião que dissestes, passa bem? Vive ainda?

28E eles responderam: Bem vai a teu servo nosso pai; ainda vive. E se inclinaram, e fizeram reverência.

29E levantando ele seus olhos viu Benjamim seu irmão, filho de sua mãe, e disse: É este vosso irmão mais novo, de quem me falastes? E disse: Deus tenha misericórdia de ti, filho meu.

30Então José se apressou, porque se comoveram suas entranhas por causa de seu irmão, e procurou onde chorar: e entrou-se em sua câmara, e chorou ali.

31E lavou seu rosto, e saiu fora, e controlou-se, e disse: Ponde pão.

32E puseram para ele à parte, e separadamente para eles, e à parte para os egípcios que com ele comiam: porque os egípcios não podem comer pão com os hebreus, o qual é abominação aos egípcios.

33E sentaram-se diante dele, o mais velho conforme sua primogenitura, e o mais novo conforme sua idade menor; e estavam aqueles homens atônitos olhando-se um ao outro.

34E ele tomou iguarias de diante de si para eles; mas a porção de Benjamim era cinco vezes como qualquer uma das deles. E beberam, e alegraram-se com ele.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

As the famine persists, Judah personally pledges himself for Benjamin's safety to convince Jacob to let him go to Egypt; the brothers are received by Joseph with a surprisingly generous feast.

Explanation

This chapter shows the remarkable transformation of Judah, who years earlier had proposed selling Joseph as a slave (Genesis 37:26-27) and now offers himself as personal guarantor for Benjamin's safety before his own father, taking full responsibility should anything go wrong. This change of character — from someone willing to sacrifice a brother for profit to someone willing to sacrifice himself for another brother — is central to the family's moral development throughout these stories. The banquet Joseph prepares, with special honors and a larger portion for Benjamin, is at once a gesture of genuine welcome and yet another subtle test, observing how the brothers would react to the youngest brother being favored again — the very situation that once sparked envy against Joseph. Today's lesson is that genuine personal growth is proven by how we respond, years later, to situations that once led us into sin.

Fun facts

  • The observation that 'the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomination unto the Egyptians' (v. 32) is confirmed by historical records and by accounts from the Greek historian Herodotus, who describes the ancient Egyptians as holding strong cultural restrictions against eating with foreigners.
  • Benjamin's portion of food being 'five times' larger than his brothers' (v. 34) is a quiet, deliberate test by Joseph, probing exactly the same kind of favoritism that once drove his brothers to commit their crime against him.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Gênesis 43:1The famine keeps worsening in Canaan, forcing the family to face the trip to Egypt again.
  2. Gênesis 43:2As soon as the grain they brought runs out, Jacob asks his sons to go back for more — without, at first, mentioning the condition about Benjamin.
  3. Gênesis 43:3Judah reminds his father of the non-negotiable condition set by the Egyptian governor: they won’t even see his face without bringing their youngest brother.
  4. Gênesis 43:4It’s Judah who personally guarantees Benjamin’s safety before Jacob — the same promise he’ll fulfill by offering himself as a slave in his brother’s place, in the next chapter.
  5. Gênesis 43:5He repeats the condition as a negative: without Benjamin, there’s no point even trying to go, because they won’t be received.
  6. Gênesis 43:6Jacob still complains, blaming his sons for having told the governor there was another brother at home.
  7. Gênesis 43:7The sons defend themselves, explaining that the man asked detailed questions about the family, and they simply answered honestly, with no idea he would ask them to bring the brother.
  8. Gênesis 43:8Judah presses his father, arguing that everyone’s survival — brothers, father, and even the children — depends on this trip.
  9. Gênesis 43:9Judah personally pledges himself as guarantor for Benjamin, accepting eternal blame before his father if he doesn’t bring him back.
  10. Gênesis 43:10Judah even laments the time lost arguing: if they had decided sooner, they would already be back from the second trip.
  11. Gênesis 43:11The gift Jacob sends to the Egyptian governor is made of Canaan’s most valuable goods: aromatic resins, honey, spices, pistachios, and almonds, used in perfumery, medicine, and fine cooking. Bringing a gift like this before asking a favor was the expected protocol when approaching a powerful authority.
  12. Gênesis 43:12Jacob gives in and instructs them to take double the money, including the amount that mysteriously came back in the sacks — perhaps thinking it was a simple counting error.
  13. Gênesis 43:13Jacob finally allows them to take Benjamin too, giving in to the pressure of the famine and Judah’s insistence.
  14. Gênesis 43:14“God Almighty” translates an ancient Hebrew name for God, used especially in moments of great distress. And when Jacob says that if he is to be “bereaved,” bereaved he will be, he’s resigning himself: he has already lost Joseph, fears losing Benjamin and Simeon, and says he will accept whatever comes.
  15. Gênesis 43:15The brothers set out with the gift, the doubled money, and Benjamin, and present themselves again before Joseph in Egypt.
  16. Gênesis 43:16Ordering animals slaughtered and a meal prepared was a clear sign that Joseph was receiving the brothers as honored guests, not as prisoners. Slaughtering an animal for a meal was reserved for special occasions, since fresh meat wasn’t everyday food.
  17. Gênesis 43:17The steward of Joseph’s house carries out the order he received and leads the brothers to Joseph’s residence.
  18. Gênesis 43:18The brothers are terrified at being brought into the house, thinking they’ll be accused over the money found in their sacks and reduced to slavery.
  19. Gênesis 43:19Worried, they approach the steward right at the door of the house to explain the situation before anything worse happens.
  20. Gênesis 43:20They start by explaining that they had already come before just to buy grain, with no intention of deceiving anyone.
  21. Gênesis 43:21They explain in detail how, opening their sacks on the first trip, they found their own money back, and that they brought it now to return it.
  22. Gênesis 43:22They explain they also brought new money to buy more grain, and admit they don’t know who put the earlier amount back in their sacks.
  23. Gênesis 43:23The steward reassures them, attributing the money to a blessing from their God, and confirms he had already received the correct payment — and he even brings Simeon back out to the brothers.
  24. Gênesis 43:24The steward offers the standard hospitality of the time: water to wash their feet and feed for the animals, treating the visitors well.
  25. Gênesis 43:25The brothers prepare the gift they brought, already knowing, from the treatment they received, that they would eat with Joseph at noon.
  26. Gênesis 43:26When Joseph arrives, they hand over the gift and bow to the ground before him — again, without knowing who is really standing in front of them.
  27. Gênesis 43:27Joseph asks about the health of the elderly father mentioned in the earlier conversation — a personal question he can’t resist asking.
  28. Gênesis 43:28The brothers confirm their father is still alive and well, bowing again before the governor.
  29. Gênesis 43:29Seeing Benjamin, his only full brother, Joseph asks if this is the younger brother mentioned earlier, and blesses him, saying, “God be gracious unto thee, my son.”
  30. Gênesis 43:30Emotion overwhelms Joseph at the sight of Benjamin, and he has to leave quickly to weep alone, still hiding his own identity.
  31. Gênesis 43:31After composing himself, Joseph washes his face, returns with control restored, and gives the order to have the meal served.
  32. Gênesis 43:32The Egyptians avoided eating at the same table as foreigners like the Hebrews — that’s why Joseph dines separately from his brothers, and the brothers separately from the Egyptians. The exact reason for this custom isn’t fully known: it may have been religious, tied to the animals Hebrews ate, or simply a matter of social separation.
  33. Gênesis 43:33The brothers are seated in exact birth order, from oldest to youngest — a detail that leaves them amazed, unable to understand how a foreign Egyptian would know that.
  34. Gênesis 43:34Giving Benjamin a portion five times larger than the others was, in an ancient meal, a symbolic gesture of honor: the bigger the portion served to someone, the greater the status the host was showing them. Joseph is also testing whether the brothers will feel envy toward Benjamin, as they once felt toward him.

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