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Gênesis 36

BLIVRE · Chapter 36/50

1E estas são as gerações de Esaú, o qual é Edom.

2Esaú tomou suas mulheres das filhas de Canaã: a Ada, filha de Elom heteu, e a Oolibama, filha de Aná, filha de Zibeão os heveus;

3E a Basemate, filha de Ismael, irmã de Nebaiote.

4E Ada deu à luz de Esaú a Elifaz; e Basemate deu à luz a Reuel.

5E Oolibama deu à luz a Jeús, e a Jalão, e a Corá: estes são os filhos de Esaú, que lhe nasceram na terra de Canaã.

6E Esaú tomou suas mulheres, e seus filhos, e suas filhas, e todas as pessoas de sua casa, e seus gados, e todos seus animais, e todos os seus pertences que havia adquirido na terra de Canaã, e foi-se a outra terra de diante de Jacó seu irmão.

7Porque a riqueza deles era grande, e não podiam habitar juntos, nem a terra de sua peregrinação os podia sustentar por causa de seus gados.

8E Esaú habitou no monte de Seir: Esaú é Edom.

9Estas são as linhagens de Esaú, pai de Edom, no monte de Seir.

10Estes são os nomes dos filhos de Esaú: Elifaz, filho de Ada, mulher de Esaú; Reuel, filho de Basemate, mulher de Esaú.

11E os filhos de Elifaz foram Temã, Omar, Zefô, Gatã, e Quenaz.

12E Timna foi concubina de Elifaz, filho de Esaú, a qual lhe deu à luz a Amaleque: estes são os filhos de Ada, mulher de Esaú.

13E os filhos de Reuel foram Naate, Zerá, Samá, e Mizá: estes são os filhos de Basemate, mulher de Esaú.

14Estes foram os filhos de Oolibama, mulher de Esaú, filha de Aná, que foi filha de Zibeão: ela deu à luz de Esaú a Jeús, Jalão, e Corá.

15Estes são os duques dos filhos de Esaú. Filhos de Elifaz, primogênito de Esaú: o duque Temã, o duque Omar, o duque Zefô, o duque Quenaz,

16O duque Corá, o duque Gatã, e o duque Amaleque: estes são os duques de Elifaz na terra de Edom; estes foram os filhos de Ada.

17E estes são os filhos de Reuel, filho de Esaú: o duque Naate, o duque Zerá, o duque Samá, e o duque Mizá: estes são os duques da linha de Reuel na terra de Edom; estes filhos vêm de Basemate, mulher de Esaú.

18E estes são os filhos de Oolibama, mulher de Esaú: o duque Jeús, o duque Jalão, e o duque Corá: estes foram os duques que saíram de Oolibama, mulher de Esaú, filha de Aná.

19Estes, pois, são os filhos de Esaú, e seus duques: ele é Edom.

20E estes são os filhos de Seir horeu, moradores daquela terra: Lotã, Sobal, Zibeão, Aná,

21Disom, Eser, e Disã: estes são os duques dos horeus, filhos de Seir na terra de Edom.

22Os filhos de Lotã foram Hori e Hemã; e Timna foi irmã de Lotã.

23E os filhos de Sobal foram Alvã, Manaate, Ebal, Sefô, e Onã.

24E os filhos de Zibeão foram Aiá, e Aná. Este Aná é o que descobriu as fontes termais no deserto, quando apascentava os asnos de Zibeão seu pai.

25Os filhos de Aná foram Disom, e Oolibama, filha de Aná.

26E estes foram os filhos de Disom: Hendã, Esbã, Itrã, e Querã.

27E estes foram os filhos de Eser: Bilã, Zaavã, e Acã.

28Estes foram os filhos de Disã: Uz, e Harã.

29E estes foram os duques dos horeus: o duque Lotã, o duque Sobal, o duque Zibeão, o duque Aná.

30O duque Disom, o duque Eser, o duque Disã: estes foram os duques dos horeus: por seus ducados na terra de Seir.

31E os reis que reinaram na terra de Edom, antes que reinasse rei sobre os filhos de Israel, foram estes:

32Belá, filho de Beor, reinou em Edom: e o nome de sua cidade foi Dinabá.

33E morreu Belá, e reinou em seu lugar Jobabe, filho de Zerá, de Bozra.

34E morreu Jobabe, e em seu lugar reinou Husão, da terra de Temã.

35E morreu Husão, e reinou em seu lugar Hadade, filho de Bedade, o que feriu a Midiã no campo de Moabe: e o nome de sua cidade foi Avite.

36E morreu Hadade, e em seu lugar reinou Samlá, de Masreca.

37E morreu Samlá, e reinou em seu lugar Saul, de Reobote do rio.

38E morreu Saul, e em seu lugar reinou Baal-Hanã, filho de Acbor.

39E morreu Baal-Hanã, filho de Acbor, e reinou Hadar em seu lugar: e o nome de sua cidade foi Paú; e o nome de sua mulher Meetabel, filha de Matrede, filha de Mezaabe.

40Estes, pois, são os nomes dos duques de Esaú por suas linhagens, por seus lugares, e seus nomes: o duque Timna, o duque Alva, o duque Jetete,

41O duque Oolibama, o duque Elá, o duque Pinom,

42O duque Quenaz, o duque Temã, o duque Mibzar,

43O duque Magdiel, e o duque Hirão. Estes foram os duques de Edom por suas habitações na terra de sua possessão. Edom é o mesmo Esaú, pai dos edomitas.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The extensive genealogy of Esau and his descendants, who became the Edomites, is presented, including the list of kings who ruled Edom before there were kings in Israel.

Explanation

Although mainly a genealogical list, this chapter fulfills an important role in the structure of the book: it formally 'closes out' the line of Esau before the narrative focuses exclusively on Jacob and his descendants in the final chapters. This follows a common pattern in Genesis, where the genealogy of the secondary line (such as Ishmael's in chapter 25) is documented and then set aside, so the main focus can follow the line of promise. The mention that Edom already had kings 'before there reigned any king over the children of Israel' (v. 31) is an editorial note showing that the text of Genesis, though dealing with ancient events, was arranged or finalized at a later period, when Israel already had its own monarchy. The lesson here is subtle: even those outside the main line of promise receive recognition, dignity, and a recorded place in God's history.

Fun facts

  • Edom, the nation descended from Esau, occupied the mountainous region southeast of the Dead Sea, and would maintain a long and complex history of conflicts and alliances with Israel, documented in later books such as Numbers, 2 Samuel, and Obadiah.
  • The observation that Edom had kings before Israel did (v. 31) is one of the few moments in Genesis that appears to reflect a later editorial perspective, likely from the era of the Israelite monarchy, showing how the final text of the book was carefully compiled over time.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Gênesis 36:1The text makes it explicit “who is Edom” — Esau and Edom are the same person and the same people. The name Edom, meaning red, had already appeared earlier tied to the red stew Esau traded for his birthright; this chapter lists his descendants, who form the nation of Edom, Israel’s neighbor and later rival.
  2. Gênesis 36:2The names of Esau’s Canaanite wives here — Adah and Aholibamah — do not exactly match those given in 26:34, where Judith and Bashemath appeared. It is quite likely these are the same women under alternate names, something common at the time, but the text does not clarify this directly.
  3. Gênesis 36:3This Bashemath is described as Ishmael’s daughter, the same woman called Mahalath in 28:9 — another case of a double name within Esau’s genealogy.
  4. Gênesis 36:4The list of Esau’s sons begins here: Eliphaz, from Adah, and Reuel, from Bashemath — the two names who will lead the main branches of the future nation of Edom.
  5. Gênesis 36:5Aholibamah completes the list with Jeush, Jaalam, and Korah — closing out the sons of Esau born to him in the land of Canaan, before the separation from Jacob.
  6. Gênesis 36:6Esau takes his wives, sons, daughters, and all his substance, gotten in the land of Canaan, and goes into another country from the face of his brother Jacob — the practical reason is explained in the next verse.
  7. Gênesis 36:7The riches of the two brothers were too great for them to dwell together — the same reason that had already separated Abraham and Lot, back in chapter 13.
  8. Gênesis 36:8Esau dwells in mount Seir, and the text directly confirms the identification that will repeat throughout the chapter: Esau is Edom.
  9. Gênesis 36:9A second line of descent begins here, now presenting Esau specifically as “the father of the Edomites” already settled in mount Seir.
  10. Gênesis 36:10The names of the two main sons, Eliphaz and Reuel, are repeated here as a formal heading before the list goes deeper into Esau’s grandsons.
  11. Gênesis 36:11Eliphaz’s sons — Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz — form the second generation of the line that will lead entire clans of Edom.
  12. Gênesis 36:12Timna was Eliphaz’s “concubine,” not his wife — a socially recognized position at the time, with fewer rights than a wife, but whose children still counted in the family genealogy. That is why her son, Amalek, is listed normally alongside Esau’s other grandsons.
  13. Gênesis 36:13Reuel’s sons — Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah — complete the other main branch of the genealogy, descended from Bashemath.
  14. Gênesis 36:14The list repeats Aholibamah’s sons, Jeush, Jaalam, and Korah, now formally organized by mother within the genealogical scheme.
  15. Gênesis 36:15From here the list shifts focus: instead of just sons, it now names “dukes,” meaning clan chiefs — beginning with Eliphaz’s descendants, Esau’s firstborn.
  16. Gênesis 36:16Korah, Gatam, and Amalek complete the dukes descended from Eliphaz — among them is the name that gives rise to the future Amalekites, recurring enemies of Israel later in the Bible.
  17. Gênesis 36:17The dukes descended from Reuel — Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah — form the second group of Edom’s clan chiefs.
  18. Gênesis 36:18Jeush, Jaalam, and Korah appear again, now as dukes linked to Aholibamah, closing out the three main branches of Edomite leadership.
  19. Gênesis 36:19The verse sums it all up: these are the sons of Esau, who is Edom, and these are their dukes — reinforcing once more that Esau and Edom are one and the same.
  20. Gênesis 36:20From here the list changes subject: it turns to describe the Horites, the people who already inhabited the land of Seir before the arrival of Esau’s line — beginning with Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, and Anah.
  21. Gênesis 36:21Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan complete the list of Horite dukes, the original inhabitants of that mountainous land before it became Edom.
  22. Gênesis 36:22Lotan’s children are Hori and Hemam, and his sister was Timna — the same woman who appears as Eliphaz’s concubine in verse 12, linking the native line of Seir to Esau’s family through marriage.
  23. Gênesis 36:23Shobal’s children — Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam — continue detailing the local Horite clans.
  24. Gênesis 36:24“The mules” is an uncertain translation: the original Hebrew word is rare, appearing only here in the entire Bible, and scholars disagree — it may indeed mean mules (a cross between horse and donkey) or it may refer to hot springs. The verse only means that Anah found something unusual while feeding his father Zibeon’s donkeys.
  25. Gênesis 36:25Among Anah’s children is Aholibamah, the same woman who married Esau — showing that she came from the native Horite line, not only from the Canaanites in a broad sense.
  26. Gênesis 36:26Dishon’s children — Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Cheran — continue detailing the branches of the Horite family.
  27. Gênesis 36:27Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan are the children of Ezer, another branch of this same native line of Seir.
  28. Gênesis 36:28Uz and Aran close out the children of Dishan — the name Uz is also associated with the land of Job, though here it refers only to a person within this genealogy.
  29. Gênesis 36:29The list sums up the Horite dukes by name — Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah — before completing it with the last three in the next verse.
  30. Gênesis 36:30Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan close the list of Horite dukes, the native people who preceded the Edomites in Seir.
  31. Gênesis 36:31This phrase, which speaks of a time before “any king” reigned over the children of Israel, looks forward in time — to the era of Israel’s kings, like Saul and David, who would only exist centuries after Jacob. It is one of the details showing that lists like this were compiled or revised much later than the events they record.
  32. Gênesis 36:32The list of the kings of Edom begins here — Bela, son of Beor, is the first named, with his city Dinhabah. The previous verse already notes that this list covers kings before any king existed over Israel, suggesting the text was compiled or revised at a time when Israel already had a monarchy.
  33. Gênesis 36:33Jobab of Bozrah succeeds Bela — the list follows a fixed pattern of “so-and-so died, so-and-so reigned in his stead,” without detailing how the transfers of power took place.
  34. Gênesis 36:34Husham of the land of Temani succeeds Jobab on the throne of Edom.
  35. Gênesis 36:35Hadad succeeds Husham, and receives an extra detail the other kings lack: mention that he smote Midian in the field of Moab.
  36. Gênesis 36:36Samlah of Masrekah succeeds Hadad — another name in the sequence of kings without a fixed dynastic territory.
  37. Gênesis 36:37Saul of Rehoboth by the river succeeds Samlah — the name is the same as Israel’s first king, but this is a completely different person, from Edom.
  38. Gênesis 36:38This king of Edom shares his name with Israel’s first king, Saul — but here it is only coincidence: Edom already had kings long before Israel had its first.
  39. Gênesis 36:39Hadar is the last king listed, and the only one whose wife’s name, Mehetabel, is recorded — an extra detail suggesting the list was written near the end of his reign, without yet knowing who would come next.
  40. Gênesis 36:40After the kings, the list returns to naming Edom’s dukes by their places and by their names — beginning with Timnah, Alvah, and Jetheth.
  41. Gênesis 36:41Aholibamah, Elah, and Pinon continue the final list of dukes, each associated with a region within Edomite territory.
  42. Gênesis 36:42Kenaz, Teman, and Mibzar continue completing this final list of Edom’s clan chiefs.
  43. Gênesis 36:43Magdiel and Iram close the list of dukes, and the chapter ends by restating the summary: this is Esau, the father of the Edomites.

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