Jeremias 40

ARC · Chapter 40/52

1A palavra que veiu a Jeremias da parte do Senhor, depois que Nebuzaradan, capitão dos da guarda, o deixara ir de Rama, quando o tomou, estando elle atado com cadeias no meio de todos os do captiveiro de Jerusalem e de Judah, que foram levados captivos para Babylonia;

2Porque o capitão da guarda tomou a Jeremias, e lhe disse: O Senhor teu Deus fallou este mal contra este logar:

3E o Senhor o trouxe, e fez como havia dito: porque peccastes contra o Senhor, e não obedecestes á sua voz; pelo que vos succedeu esta coisa.

4Agora pois, eis que te soltei hoje das cadeias que estavam sobre as tuas mãos; se fôr bem aos teus olhos vir comigo para Babylonia, vem, e porei sobre ti os meus olhos; porém, se fôr mal aos teus olhos vir comigo para Babylonia, deixa de vir. Olha, toda a terra está diante de ti; para onde quer que fôr bom e recto aos teus olhos que vás, para ali vae.

5Mas, porquanto elle ainda não tinha voltado, disse-lhe: Volta a Gedalias, filho de Ahicam, filho de Saphan, a quem o rei de Babylonia poz sobre as cidades de Judah, e habita com elle no meio do povo; ou para qualquer parte aonde quer que fôr recto aos teus olhos que vás, para ali vae. E deu-lhe o capitão da guarda sustento para o caminho, e um presente, e o deixou ir.

6Assim veiu Jeremias a Gedalias, filho de Ahicam, a Mizpah; e habitou com elle no meio do povo que havia ficado na terra.

7Ouvindo pois todos os principes dos exercitos, que estavam no campo, elles e os seus homens, que o rei de Babylonia tinha posto sobre a terra a Gedalias, filho de Ahicam, e que lhe havia encarregado a elle os homens, e as mulheres, e os meninos, e os mais pobres da terra, os quaes não foram levados captivos a Babylonia,

8Vieram a Gedalias, a Mizpah: a saber: Ishmael, filho de Nethanias, e Johanan e Jonathan, filhos de Careah, e Seraias, filho de Tanhumeth, e os filhos de Ephai, o netophatita, e Jezanias, filho d'um maachatita, elles e os seus homens.

9E jurou Gedalias, filho de Ahicam, filho de Saphan, a elles e aos seus homens, dizendo: Não temaes servir aos chaldeos: ficae na terra, e servi o rei de Babylonia, e bem vos irá.

10Eu, porém, eis que habito em Mizpah, para estar ás ordens dos chaldeos que vierem a nós; e vós recolhei o vinho, e as fructas de verão, e o azeite, e mettei-os nos vossos vasos, e habitae nas vossas cidades, que já tomastes.

11Como tambem todos os judeos que estavam em Moab, e entre os filhos de Ammon, e em Edom, e os que havia em todas aquellas terras, ouviram que o rei de Babylonia havia deixado um resto em Judah, e que havia posto sobre elles a Gedalias, filho de Ahicam, filho de Saphan.

12E tornaram todos os judeos de todos os logares, para onde foram lançados, e vieram á terra de Judah, a Gedalias, a Mizpah; e recolheram vinho e fructas do verão mui abundantes.

13Johanan, filho de Careah, e todos os principes dos exercitos, que estavam no campo, vieram a Gedalias, a Mizpah.

14E disseram-lhe: Porventura bem sabes que Baalis, rei dos filhos de Ammon, enviou a Ishmael, filho de Nethanias, para te tirar a vida. Porém não lhes deu credito Gedalias, filho de Ahicam.

15Todavia Johanan, filho de Careah, fallou a Gedalias em segredo, em Mizpah, dizendo: Irei agora, e ferirei a Ishmael, filho de Nethanias, sem que ninguem o saiba: por que razão te tiraria elle a vida, e todo o Judah que se tem congregado a ti seria disperso, e pereceria o resto de Judah?

16Porém disse Gedalias, filho de Ahicam, a Johanan, filho de Careah: Não faças tal coisa; porque fallas falso contra Ishmael.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Jeremiah chooses to stay in the land of Judah instead of going to Babylon, joining the newly appointed governor Gedaliah. But rumors surface of a plot to assassinate Gedaliah, which he refuses to believe.

Explanation

It is remarkable that the Babylonian captain Nebuzaradan himself publicly acknowledges that the destruction of Jerusalem was the direct result of the people's sin against their own God — a pagan foreigner confirming the message Jeremiah had been preaching for decades. Gedaliah, appointed governor over the small remnant left in the land, tries to rebuild a normal life and simply asks the people to work the land and serve the Babylonians in peace. His refusal to believe the warning about a plot against his life, despite being warned directly, sets the tragic stage for the events of the following chapter.

Fun facts

  • Gedaliah belonged to the family of Shaphan, scribes who repeatedly supported Jeremiah throughout the book, showing a continuity of family support for the prophet amid the national crisis.
  • Mizpah, chosen as the new administrative seat, lay north of Jerusalem and had been an important religious and political center since the days of Samuel (1 Samuel 7:5-6).

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Jeremias 40:1Sets the scene: Jeremiah had been taken by mistake along with the other captives to Ramah, on the way to deportation to Babylon, before being identified and released.
  2. Jeremias 40:2The Babylonian commander himself surprisingly acknowledges that it was the God of Judah who brought about this disaster -- a foreigner repeating the theological explanation given by Judah’s own prophets.
  3. Jeremias 40:3Nebuzaradan confirms that the destruction happened exactly as God had warned, because of the sin and disobedience of the people -- publicly acknowledging the spiritual reason for the fall.
  4. Jeremias 40:4He offers Jeremiah a real choice: go to Babylon with a guarantee of good treatment, or stay anywhere in the land he prefers -- a rare freedom for a prisoner of war.
  5. Jeremias 40:5Gedaliah, from a family that had already protected Jeremiah before (see 26:24, he was the son of Ahikam), was appointed governor over the small part of Judah left after the destruction -- a Babylonian attempt to keep some local administration instead of annexing everything directly.
  6. Jeremias 40:6Jeremiah chooses to stay and goes to Mizpah, the city chosen as the new administrative seat, to live under Gedaliah’s protection among the people left in the land.
  7. Jeremias 40:7Word that Gedaliah had been appointed governor reaches the Jewish military commanders still scattered across the countryside, resisting after the official fall of Jerusalem.
  8. Jeremias 40:8Lists the military leaders who present themselves to Gedaliah at Mizpah, among them Ishmael son of Nethaniah -- the same man who will later assassinate Gedaliah himself.
  9. Jeremias 40:9Gedaliah swears to reassure these commanders: there is no reason to fear serving the Chaldeans, and life under this arrangement would be safe, as long as they accepted Babylonian authority.
  10. Jeremias 40:10He tells the group to settle down and simply gather the normal harvest -- wine, summer fruit, oil -- a sign that basic economic life could continue even after the disaster.
  11. Jeremias 40:11Jews who had fled to neighboring countries -- Moab, Ammon, Edom -- during the invasion hear that a government remains in Judah and begin to consider returning.
  12. Jeremias 40:12Many of these refugees do return to Judah, join Gedaliah at Mizpah, and that year’s harvest is described as quite abundant -- a brief moment of normalcy after the catastrophe.
  13. Jeremias 40:13Johanan, another military commander, and his companions go in person to Gedaliah at Mizpah, bringing an urgent warning.
  14. Jeremias 40:14The warning: the Ammonite king Baalis sent Ishmael to assassinate Gedaliah -- a foreign conspiracy using a Jew to eliminate the governor who was cooperating with Babylon. Gedaliah does not believe it.
  15. Jeremias 40:15Johanan proposes, in secret, to kill Ishmael preemptively before he carries out the plan, arguing that Gedaliah’s death would destroy the only stability left for the scattered people.
  16. Jeremias 40:16Gedaliah refuses the proposal, calling the accusation against Ishmael a lie -- a naive trust that will cost him his own life in the next chapter.

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