Jeremias 3

ARC · Chapter 3/52

1Dizem: Se um homem despedir sua mulher, e ella se fôr d'elle, e se ajuntar a outro homem, porventura tornará a ella mais? porventura aquella terra de todo se não profanaria? Ora, pois, tu fornicaste com tantos amantes; ainda assim, torna para mim, diz o Senhor.

2Levanta os teus olhos aos altos, e vê onde não te prostituiste? nos caminhos te assentavas para elles, como o arabe no deserto: assim profanaste a terra com as tuas fornicações e com a tua malicia.

3Pelo que foram retiradas as chuvas, e chuva tardia não houve: porém tu tens a testa de uma prostituta, e não queres ter vergonha.

4Ao menos desde agora não chamarás por mim, dizendo: Pae meu, tu és o guia da minha mocidade?

5Porventura conservará elle para sempre a ira? ou a guardará continuamente? Eis que fallas, e fazes as ditas maldades, e prevaleces.

6Disse mais o Senhor nos dias do rei Josias: Viste o que fez a rebelde Israel? ella foi-se a todo o monte alto, e debaixo de toda a arvore verde, e ali andou fornicando.

7E eu disse, depois que fez tudo isto: Volta para mim; porém não voltou: e viu isto a sua aleivosa irmã Judah.

8E vi, quando por causa de tudo isto, em que commettera adulterio a rebelde Israel, a despedi, e lhe dei o seu libello de divorcio, que a aleivosa Judah, sua irmã, não temeu; porém foi-se e tambem ella mesmo fornicou.

9E succedeu, pela fama da sua fornicação, que contaminou a terra; porque adulterou com a pedra e com o lenho.

10E, comtudo, nem por tudo isso voltou para mim a sua aleivosa irmã Judah, de todo o seu coração, mas falsamente, diz o Senhor.

11E o Senhor me disse: Já a rebelde Israel justificou a sua alma mais do que a aleivosa Judah.

12Vae, pois, e apregoa estas palavras para a banda do norte, dize: Volta, ó rebelde Israel, diz o Senhor, e não farei cair a minha ira sobre vós; porque benigno sou, diz o Senhor, e não conservarei para sempre a minha ira

13Mas comtudo conhece a tua iniquidade, porque contra o Senhor teu Deus transgrediste; e espalhaste os teus caminhos aos estranhos, debaixo de toda a arvore verde; e não déste ouvidos á minha voz, diz o Senhor.

14Convertei-vos, ó filhos rebeldes, diz o Senhor; pois eu vos desposei comigo; e vos tomarei, a um de uma cidade, e a dois de uma geração; e vos levarei a Sião.

15E vos darei pastores segundo o meu coração, que vos apascentem com sciencia e com intelligencia.

16E succederá que, quando vos multiplicardes e fructificardes na terra n'aquelles dias, diz o Senhor, nunca mais dirão: A arca do concerto do Senhor nem lhes subirá ao coração; nem d'ella se lembrarão, nem a visitarão; nem isto se fará mais.

17N'aquelle tempo chamarão a Jerusalem o throno do Senhor, e todas as nações se ajuntarão a ella, á causa do nome do Senhor em Jerusalem; e nunca mais andarão segundo o proposito do seu coração maligno

18N'aquelles dias irá a casa de Judah para a casa de Israel; e virão juntas da terra do norte, para a terra que dei em herança a vossos paes.

19Bem dizia eu: Como te porei entre os filhos, e te darei a terra desejavel, a excellente herança dos exercitos das nações? Porém eu disse: Pae meu, e de após mim te não desviarás.

20Devéras, como a mulher se aparta aleivosamente do seu companheiro, assim aleivosamente te houvestes comigo, ó casa de Israel, diz o Senhor.

21Nos logares altos se ouviu uma voz, pranto e supplicas dos filhos de Israel; porquanto perverteram o seu caminho, e se esqueceram do Senhor seu Deus.

22Tornae-vos, ó filhos rebeldes, eu curarei as vossas rebelliões. Eis-nos aqui, vimos a ti; porque tu és o Senhor nosso Deus.

23Devéras em vão se confia nos outeiros e na multidão das montanhas: devéras no Senhor nosso Deus está a salvação de Israel

24Porque a confusão devorou o trabalho de nossos paes desde a nossa mocidade: as suas ovelhas e as suas vaccas, os seus filhos e as suas filhas.

25Jazemos na nossa vergonha; e estamos cobertos da nossa confusão, porque peccámos contra o Senhor nosso Deus, nós e nossos paes, desde a nossa mocidade até o dia de hoje; e não démos ouvidos á voz do Senhor nosso Deus.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

God uses the image of a divorce to describe the unfaithfulness of Israel and Judah, but ends by inviting both to come home, promising forgiveness and new shepherds after his own heart.

Explanation

Mosaic law forbade a man from taking back a wife he had divorced after she had married another (Deuteronomy 24:1-4) — which is why the question at the start of the chapter is so shocking: how could God take back a people so unfaithful? The answer is grace: despite human law, God invites repentance. Israel (the northern kingdom) had already been carried into exile by Assyria, and Judah (the southern kingdom) watched this without learning the lesson. The promise of 'shepherds after God's own heart' points to a more faithful future leadership. The practical lesson is that God's invitation to start over still stands even after great failures.

Fun facts

  • The 'divorce' of Israel mentioned here refers to the fall of the northern kingdom to Assyria in 722 BC, about a century before Jeremiah.
  • The mention of 'under every green tree' is a reference to the Canaanite fertility cults practiced in sacred groves on the hills.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Jeremias 3:1The law of Moses forbade a man from remarrying his ex-wife after she had married another - that would be like formally recognizing adultery. Jeremiah uses that rule in reverse: even though Judah has played the harlot with so many other gods, God still calls her back, breaking the very logic of the law.
  2. Jeremias 3:2God challenges the people to find any high place that has not become a shrine of idolatry - He compares this persistence to a nomadic Arab waiting by the roadside, always ready for one more encounter.
  3. Jeremias 3:3The drought is read as direct punishment for spiritual unfaithfulness, but even so the people act without shame, like a prostitute who has lost the ability to blush.
  4. Jeremias 3:4God asks, almost hurt, whether the people will at least now go back to calling Him father and acknowledge that it was He who guided them from their youth.
  5. Jeremias 3:5The people count on God's patience, assuming He will not stay angry forever - and so they keep sinning freely, as if they could abuse that patience without consequence.
  6. Jeremias 3:6The scene is dated: still in the reign of Josiah, before his great religious reform. Israel, the northern kingdom, had already fallen to Assyria in 722 BC because of idolatry; Judah, the treacherous sister, watched it happen and still repeated the same mistake.
  7. Jeremias 3:7God tells the story like a parable: He called Israel, the northern kingdom, back, but she did not return - and Judah, treated as the younger sister, watched all of it without learning the lesson.
  8. Jeremias 3:8God had already given Israel, the northern kingdom, a ‘bill of divorce,’ letting her fall to Assyria in 722 BC. Even watching that up close, Judah, the younger sister, was not frightened and fell into the same idolatry.
  9. Jeremias 3:9To commit adultery with stone and wood is a blunt way of saying the people treated stone idols and wooden statues as if they were real partners, in an unfaithfulness that defiled the whole land.
  10. Jeremias 3:10Even after watching Israel's fall as a warning, Judah only pretended to convert, but God sees it was mere appearance, with no real change of heart.
  11. Jeremias 3:11Surprisingly, God says that Israel, the already-destroyed northern kingdom, actually comes out less guilty than Judah - because Judah saw the example and still repeated the mistake by her own choice.
  12. Jeremias 3:12Even after all this, God sends Jeremiah to cry out an invitation to return, facing north toward the territory of Israel, promising mercy instead of holding a grudge forever.
  13. Jeremias 3:13The condition for forgiveness is simple: acknowledge the wrong. God asks the people to stop denying it and admit they turned away from Him to follow other gods.
  14. Jeremias 3:14God promises to gather Zion back together, down to the few scattered survivors, one from each city, two from each family - a restoration that will rebuild the nation from a small remnant.
  15. Jeremias 3:15A promise of good leaders in the future, in contrast to the corrupt kings and priests of Jeremiah's generation - shepherds here means rulers who truly care for the people.
  16. Jeremias 3:16Jeremiah looks ahead to a time when no one will miss the ark of the covenant anymore, the most sacred object in the temple. It is not disrespect: it is the idea that the relationship with God will stop depending on a physical object, a preview of the new covenant he spells out in chapter 31.
  17. Jeremias 3:17A vision of the distant future: Jerusalem will become a center of worship for all nations, not just for Israel, and the people's evil heart will finally, truly change.
  18. Jeremias 3:18Promises that the two separated kingdoms, Judah and Israel, will reunite in the land promised to the patriarchs - the end of the division that had existed since the death of King Solomon.
  19. Jeremias 3:19God recalls His original hope: He wanted to treat the people like a beloved child, giving them the best possible land, hoping they would call Him father and not turn away - which did not happen.
  20. Jeremias 3:20Sums up the chapter's central accusation once more: the people's unfaithfulness to God is compared to a wife who betrays her husband - the same image that opens the book.
  21. Jeremias 3:21Describes weeping of repentance coming from the very high places where idolatry used to be practiced - now turned into a stage for mourning over having forgotten God.
  22. Jeremias 3:22God invites the people to repent once again, promising to heal their rebellion, and the people answer by saying they are coming back - a rare moment of positive dialogue in the middle of the accusations.
  23. Jeremias 3:23In this response, the people acknowledge that the cults on the hills and mountains never accomplished anything - only in God is Israel's real salvation found.
  24. Jeremias 3:24The people mourn that idolatry, called here ‘shame,’ devoured everything their ancestors built - flocks and even their own children, a reference to the sacrifice of children.
  25. Jeremias 3:25Closes the chapter with a collective confession: the people acknowledge their sin is not recent, it goes back to the earliest days of the nation, and so they accept living in shame.

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