1 Samuel 26

ARC · Chapter 26/31

1E vieram os zipheos a Saul, a Gibeah, dizendo: Não está David escondido no outeiro d'Hachila, á entrada de Jesimon?

2Então Saul se levantou, e desceu ao deserto de Ziph, e com elle tres mil homens escolhidos de Israel, a buscar a David no deserto de Ziph.

3E acampou-se Saul no outeiro d'Hachila, que está á entrada de Jesimon, junto ao caminho: porém David ficou no deserto, e viu que Saul vinha após d'elle ao deserto.

4Pois David enviou espias, e soube que Saul vinha decerto.

5E David se levantou, e veiu ao logar onde Saul se tinha acampado; viu David o logar onde se tinha deitado Saul, e Abner, filho de Ner, chefe do seu exercito: e Saul estava deitado dentro do logar dos carros, e o povo estava acampado ao redor d'elle.

6E respondeu David, e fallou a Achimelech, o hetheo, e a Abisai, filho de Zeruia, irmão de Jacob, dizendo: Quem descerá comigo a Saul ao arraial? E disse Abisai: Eu descerei comtigo.

7Vieram pois David e Abisai de noite ao povo, e eis que Saul estava deitado dormindo dentro do logar dos carros, e a sua lança estava pregada na terra á sua cabeceira: e Abner e o povo deitavam-se ao redor d'elle.

8Então disse Abisai a David: Deus te entregou hoje nas mãos a teu inimigo; deixa-m'o pois agora encravar com a lança d'uma vez com a terra, e não o ferirei segunda vez

9E disse David a Abisai: Nenhum damno lhe faças: porque quem estendeu a sua mão contra o ungido do Senhor, e ficou innocente?

10Disse mais David: Vive o Senhor, que o Senhor o ferirá, ou o seu dia chegará em que morra, ou descerá para a batalha e perecerá;

11O Senhor me guarde, de que eu estenda a mão contra o ungido do Senhor: agora porém toma lá a lança que está á sua cabeceira e a bilha da agua, e vamo-nos.

12Tomou pois David a lança e a bilha da agua, da cabeceira de Saul, e foram-se: e ninguem houve que o visse, nem que o advertisse, nem que acordasse; porque todos estavam dormindo, porque havia caido sobre elles um profundo somno do Senhor.

13E David, passando á outra banda, poz-se no cume do monte ao longe, de maneira que entre elles havia grande distancia.

14E David bradou ao povo, e a Abner, filho de Ner, dizendo: Não responderás, Abner? Então Abner respondeu e disse: Quem és tu, que bradas ao rei

15Então disse David a Abner: Porventura não és varão? e quem ha em Israel como tu, porque, pois, não guardaste tu o rei teu senhor? porque um do povo veiu para destruir o rei teu senhor.

16Não é bom isto, que fizeste; vive o Senhor, que sois dignos de morte, vós que não guardastes a vosso senhor, o ungido do Senhor: vede pois agora onde está a lança do rei, e a bilha da agua, que tinha á sua cabeceira.

17Então conheceu Saul a voz de David, e disse: Não é esta a tua voz, meu filho David? E disse David: Minha voz é, ó rei meu senhor.

18Disse mais: Porque persegue o meu senhor assim o seu servo? porque, que fiz eu? e que maldade se acha nas minhas mãos?

19Ouve pois agora, te rogo, rei meu senhor, as palavras de teu servo: Se o Senhor te incita contra mim, cheire elle a offerta de manjares; porém se os filhos dos homens, malditos sejam perante o Senhor: pois elles me teem expellido hoje para que eu não fique apegado á herança do Senhor, dizendo: Vae, serve a outros deuses.

20Agora pois não se derrame o meu sangue na terra diante do Senhor: pois saiu o rei d'Israel em busca d'uma pulga; como quem persegue uma perdiz nos montes.

21Então disse Saul: Pequei; volta, meu filho David, porque não ordenarei a fazer-te mal; porque foi hoje preciosa a minha vida aos teus olhos: eis que fiz loucamente, e errei grandissimamente.

22David então respondeu, e disse: Eis aqui a lança do rei; passe cá um dos mancebos, e leve-a.

23O Senhor porém pague a cada um a sua justiça e a sua lealdade; pois o Senhor te tinha dado hoje na minha mão, porém não quiz estender a minha mão contra o ungido do Senhor.

24E eis que assim como foi a tua vida hoje de tanta estima aos meus olhos, d'outra tanta estima seja a minha vida aos olhos do Senhor, e elle me livre de toda a tribulação.

25Então Saul disse a David: Bemdito sejas tu, meu filho David; pois grandes coisas farás e tambem prevalecerás. Então David se foi pelo seu caminho e Saul voltou para o seu logar.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Once again with the chance to kill Saul as he sleeps unprotected in the camp, David again refuses, taking only the spear and water jug as proof. Saul publicly acknowledges his wrongdoing, but David no longer trusts his words.

Explanation

This second, almost identical opportunity to kill Saul — this time in the military camp itself rather than a cave — reinforces through deliberate repetition David's central principle: refusing to take personal vengeance against the Lord's anointed, even when it would be easily justifiable and advantageous. The supernatural deep sleep that falls over Saul's entire camp, allowing David to come and go undetected, is explicitly attributed to the Lord himself (v.12), showing direct divine intervention protecting both David (by giving him the opportunity) and Saul (by keeping him from being killed). Despite Saul's verbal acknowledgment that he had acted foolishly, the repetition of this pattern — Saul pursuing, David sparing, Saul temporarily repenting — already shows David that words of repentance without real change in behavior offer no lasting security.

Fun facts

  • David's comparison of himself to 'a flea' and 'a partridge in the mountains' (v.20), whom Saul was pursuing, rhetorically emphasizes the disproportion between the real power of a king with an army and the truly small threat David actually posed.
  • This episode is so similar to the one in chapter 24 that some biblical scholars debate whether they are two distinct events or two narrative traditions of the same event, although the text clearly presents them as separate occasions.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Samuel 26:1The same Ziphites who had already betrayed David in chapter 23 repeat the same tip-off — showing their loyalty to Saul, or their fear of him, remained firm even after all this time.
  2. 1 Samuel 26:2The exact figure of three thousand soldiers repeats the same scale of military mobilization already used in chapter 24 — Saul had not scaled back this personal manhunt at all.
  3. 1 Samuel 26:3David is able to watch Saul’s approach from a safe distance, buying enough time to plan instead of reacting in haste.
  4. 1 Samuel 26:4Maintaining his own spy network shows how much David’s military organization had matured during his years on the run — he no longer relied on luck alone to stay ahead of Saul.
  5. 1 Samuel 26:5David risks approaching the enemy camp himself for a firsthand look — a calculated risk that sets up the bold raid the following night.
  6. 1 Samuel 26:6Ahimelech the Hittite is one of several foreigners who appear serving loyally under David — a pattern repeated throughout his military career, which drew warriors from many backgrounds.
  7. 1 Samuel 26:7The spear stuck in the ground by Saul’s head was probably a symbol of royal authority, always kept close at hand — a detail David will later use as irrefutable proof of how near he came.
  8. 1 Samuel 26:8Abishai proposes killing Saul with one sure strike, so confident in the opportunity that he promises he will not even need a second blow — the same temptation David’s men had already raised in the cave of chapter 24.
  9. 1 Samuel 26:9David repeats the same absolute principle from the cave episode: Saul’s anointing makes him untouchable, regardless of any practical justification for killing him.
  10. 1 Samuel 26:10David trusts that Saul’s death will come by natural means or by God’s own hand at the right time — refusing to speed up that process himself.
  11. 1 Samuel 26:11Instead of killing Saul, David decides to take only two symbolic objects — undeniable physical proof that he had full access to the sleeping king without causing him any harm.
  12. 1 Samuel 26:12The text says that “a deep sleep from the Lord” fell on Saul’s camp at the exact moment David needed to slip in and out unseen — crediting God, not luck or the soldiers’ fatigue, with the fact that no one woke up.
  13. 1 Samuel 26:13Putting a safe distance between himself and the camp before revealing his presence was essential: David needed to be out of reach of any immediate armed response.
  14. 1 Samuel 26:14David’s shout is aimed directly at Abner, the military commander responsible for Saul’s security — a calculated jab meant to expose his failure to keep watch.
  15. 1 Samuel 26:15David publicly accuses Abner of serious negligence — Israel’s most respected commander left his own king vulnerable to an assassination that only failed to happen because David chose not to act.
  16. 1 Samuel 26:16David turns the physical evidence, the missing spear and water jug, into the most damning possible proof of the security failure, exposing Abner before the whole camp.
  17. 1 Samuel 26:17Saul’s instant recognition of David’s voice nearly repeats the scene from chapter 24 — the cycle of chasing and temporary reconciliation had by now become almost ritual between the two men.
  18. 1 Samuel 26:18David repeats the same rhetorical question from the earlier cave encounter — underlining that, despite all the time that had passed, nothing had changed about the basic injustice of the chase.
  19. 1 Samuel 26:19Being driven out of the land of Israel was understood, at the time, as almost being driven out of the Lord’s own reach — hence David saying that if men, not God, pushed him out, it would be as if they sent him to “serve other gods,” since every land, in the ancient mindset, had a god tied to it.
  20. 1 Samuel 26:20The same images of insignificance, a flea, a partridge hunted in the mountains, already used in chapter 24 reappear here, underscoring how disproportionate David considered the manhunt against him.
  21. 1 Samuel 26:21Saul’s confession here is even more direct than in chapter 24 — but the story has already taught the reader, and David, that this verbal repentance did not mean any lasting change in behavior.
  22. 1 Samuel 26:22Formally returning the spear through an intermediary keeps the safe distance David had established, avoiding any risky approach even after the verbal reconciliation.
  23. 1 Samuel 26:23David closes by appealing once more to God’s justice as the final arbiter, refusing to claim any credit for himself beyond having honored the principle of the sacred anointing.
  24. 1 Samuel 26:24David trades the assurance he gave Saul for a personal request: that God treat his own life with the same care he showed in sparing the king’s life.
  25. 1 Samuel 26:25This is the last direct interaction recorded between Saul and David in the whole book — after this meeting, the two never see each other in person again before Saul’s death.

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