1 Samuel 12

ARC · Chapter 12/31

1Então disse Samuel a todo o Israel: Eis que ouvi a vossa voz em tudo quanto me dissestes, e puz sobre vós um rei.

2Agora, pois, eis que o rei vae diante de vós, e já envelheci e encaneci, e eis que meus filhos estão comvosco, e eu tenho andado diante de vós desde a minha mocidade até ao dia de hoje

3Eis-me aqui, testificae contra mim perante o Senhor, e perante o seu ungido, a quem o boi tomei, a quem o jumento tomei, e a quem defraudei, a quem tenho opprimido, e de cuja mão tenho tomado presente e com elle encobri os meus olhos, e vol-o restituirei.

4Então disseram: Em nada nos defraudaste, nem nos opprimiste, nem tomaste coisa alguma da mão de ninguem.

5E elle lhes disse: O Senhor seja testemunha contra vós, e o seu ungido seja hoje testemunha, que nada tendes achado na minha mão. E disse o povo: Seja testemunha.

6Então disse Samuel ao povo: O Senhor é o que fez a Moysés e a Aarão, e tirou a vossos paes da terra do Egypto.

7Agora pois ponde-vos aqui em pé, e contenderei comvosco perante o Senhor, sobre todas as justiças do Senhor, que fez a vós e a vossos paes.

8Havendo entrado Jacob no Egypto, vossos paes clamaram ao Senhor, e o Senhor enviou a Moysés e a Aarão, que tiraram a vossos paes do Egypto, e os fizeram habitar n'este logar.

9Porém esqueceram-se do Senhor seu Deus: então os vendeu á mão de Sisera, cabeça do exercito de Hazor, e em mão dos philisteos, e em mão do rei dos moabitas, que pelejaram contra elles.

10E clamaram ao Senhor, e disseram: Peccámos, pois deixámos ao Senhor, e servimos aos baalins e astaroths: agora pois livra-nos da mão de nossos inimigos, e te serviremos.

11E o Senhor enviou a Jerubbaal, e a Bedan, e a Jefte, e a Samuel; e livrou-vos da mão de vossos inimigos em redor, e habitastes seguros.

12E vendo vós que Nahas, rei dos filhos de Ammon, vinha contra vós, me dissestes: Não, mas reinará sobre nós um rei: sendo porém o Senhor vosso Deus, o vosso Rei.

13Agora pois vedes ahi o rei que elegestes e que pedistes; e eis que o Senhor tem posto sobre vós um rei.

14Se temerdes ao Senhor, e o servirdes, e derdes ouvidos á sua voz, e não fordes rebeldes ao dito do Senhor, assim vós, como o rei que reina sobre vós, seguireis o Senhor vosso Deus.

15Mas se não derdes ouvidos á voz do Senhor, mas antes fordes rebeldes ao dito do Senhor, a mão do Senhor será contra vós, como o era contra vossos paes

16Ponde-vos tambem agora aqui, e vêde esta grande coisa que o Senhor vae fazer diante dos vossos olhos.

17Não é hoje a sega dos trigos? clamarei pois ao Senhor, e dará trovões e chuva; e sabereis e vereis que é grande a vossa maldade que tendes feito perante o Senhor, pedindo para vós um rei.

18Então invocou Samuel ao Senhor, e o Senhor deu trovões e chuva n'aquelle dia; pelo que todo o povo temeu em grande maneira ao Senhor e a Samuel.

19E todo o povo disse a Samuel: Roga pelos teus servos ao Senhor teu Deus, para que não venhamos a morrer: porque a todos os nossos peccados temos accrescentado este mal, de pedirmos para nós um rei.

20Então disse Samuel ao povo: Não temaes; vós tendes commettido todo este mal; porém não vos desvieis de detraz do Senhor, mas servi ao Senhor com todo o vosso coração.

21E não vos desvieis; pois seguirieis as vaidades, que nada aproveitam, e tão pouco vos livrarão, porque vaidades são.

22Pois o Senhor não desamparará o seu povo, por causa do seu grande nome: porque aprouve ao Senhor fazer-vos o seu povo.

23E quanto a mim, longe de mim que eu peque contra o Senhor, deixando de orar por vós: antes vos ensinarei o caminho bom e direito.

24Tão sómente temei ao Senhor, e servi-o fielmente com todo o vosso coração: porque vede quão grandiosas coisas vos fez.

25Porém, se perseverardes em fazer mal, perecereis, assim vós como o vosso rei.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Samuel delivers his farewell speech as leader of Israel, recalling God's faithfulness throughout their history and warning the people and the new king to remain faithful, confirming his words with a sign of thunder and rain.

Explanation

Just as Joshua did in his final address, Samuel reviews the history of God's faithfulness from Egypt to the present moment, making clear that the transition to monarchy does not remove Israel's fundamental responsibility to obey the Lord. Samuel publicly defends his own integrity as judge, asking whether he had ever stolen from or oppressed anyone—a rare public accountability among ancient leaders, which the people confirm has no basis for complaint against him. The sign of thunder and rain during the wheat harvest (the dry season in Israel) was a weather phenomenon outside the normal pattern, serving as visible confirmation that God truly regarded the request for a king as serious, though he was still willing to bless the nation if it remained faithful.

Fun facts

  • Rain during the wheat harvest in Israel (typically between May and June) was extremely unusual and generally harmful to crops, making this weather sign particularly striking and frightening for the agricultural audience.
  • Samuel mentions earlier deliverer-leaders by name (Jerubbaal/Gideon, Bedan, Jephthah), offering one of the few summarized lists of the period of the judges made by a witness close to that historical era.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Samuel 12:1Samuel opens his farewell speech by publicly confirming that he granted the people’s request — a way of making clear the monarchy was born of their own will, not something imposed by him.
  2. 1 Samuel 12:2Samuel gives a summary of his own public life, from youth to old age, as a formal accounting before finally handing political leadership over to Saul.
  3. 1 Samuel 12:3Samuel publicly asks anyone to accuse him of taking an ox, a donkey, or a bribe from anyone — he is giving an account of decades of leadership without corruption, a formal closing gesture before all the people.
  4. 1 Samuel 12:4The people’s answer publicly confirms decades of Samuel’s integrity as a leader — no concrete accusation comes up when he challenges them to name one.
  5. 1 Samuel 12:5Calling both God and the newly anointed king as formal witnesses turns this moment into a kind of public record, closing off any doubt about Samuel’s conduct.
  6. 1 Samuel 12:6Samuel shifts the tone of his speech: after speaking of himself, he moves on to recall God’s history with Israel since Egypt, setting up the accusation that follows.
  7. 1 Samuel 12:7“Reason with you” here has a legal sense: Samuel is formally putting the people on trial before God, a symbolic judgment on their faithfulness throughout history.
  8. 1 Samuel 12:8This quick historical summary, from Egypt to the promised land, serves as opening evidence in Samuel’s argument: God always acted on Israel’s behalf whenever the people cried out for help.
  9. 1 Samuel 12:9Each oppression named here corresponds to specific episodes in the book of Judges — Samuel sums up decades of cycles of forgetting and oppression in just a few sentences.
  10. 1 Samuel 12:10The pattern Samuel describes is always the same: sin, oppression, repentant cry, deliverance — and it is exactly this repeating cycle that the request for a king tried, in its own way, to break.
  11. 1 Samuel 12:11Samuel includes himself in the list of deliverers God raised up without needing a permanent king — his own name on the list reinforces the argument that the old model already worked well.
  12. 1 Samuel 12:12Samuel points to the concrete trigger for the request for a king: fear of the Ammonite invasion — but he stresses that, technically, Israel already had a King, the Lord himself.
  13. 1 Samuel 12:13Samuel makes clear the final choice was twofold: the people asked, but it was God who actually appointed Saul — the monarchy is born from an agreement between human desire and divine permission.
  14. 1 Samuel 12:14Samuel sets the central condition for the new monarchy’s success: both the people and the king himself must keep obeying God, not the other way around.
  15. 1 Samuel 12:15The warning mirrors the historical pattern Samuel has just described: disobedience will bring the same consequences it brought in the days of the judges, king or no king.
  16. 1 Samuel 12:16Samuel is about to ask for a supernatural sign — a way to prove, with visible evidence, that everything he has said so far truly comes from God.
  17. 1 Samuel 12:17In Israel’s calendar, the wheat harvest fell right in the middle of the dry season, when thunder and rain practically never happened — an out-of-season storm was, for any farmer present, unmistakable proof that something supernatural was underway.
  18. 1 Samuel 12:18Thunder and rain in the middle of the dry harvest season was so far outside the normal that no one there could put it down to chance — the people’s fear confirms they understood the sign.
  19. 1 Samuel 12:19Only after seeing the supernatural sign do the people acknowledge, in genuine fear, that asking for a king had indeed been a grave error before God.
  20. 1 Samuel 12:20Even confirming the request had been a mistake, Samuel does not recommend undoing the choice — the way forward is not to abolish the monarchy, but to remain faithful to God within it.
  21. 1 Samuel 12:21“Vain things” here refers to idols — empty, powerless objects, unlike the living God who just showed his power with thunder and rain.
  22. 1 Samuel 12:22Samuel’s final assurance does not depend on the people’s behavior but on God’s own commitment and reputation — He will not abandon Israel just to prove a point.
  23. 1 Samuel 12:23Even as he steps down from his political role, Samuel promises to keep serving as intercessor and spiritual adviser — the office of judge changes, but the responsibility of caring for the people continues.
  24. 1 Samuel 12:24Samuel closes by asking the people to look back at everything they have already seen God do, as sufficient motivation to remain faithful from here on.
  25. 1 Samuel 12:25The final warning explicitly includes the king himself under the same standard of judgment — the monarchy is no shield against the consequences of collective unfaithfulness.

Chapters

Our apps

Our apps →

Bible in Stories

The Bible told as a story, with audio and videos.

📱 Get the app

World in Stories

True stories of humanity that sound made up.

Feito! Pequenas Vitórias

A light daily routine for people who lose track of the day.