1 Samuel 10

ARC · Chapter 10/31

1Então tomou Samuel um vaso de azeite, e lh'o derramou sobre a cabeça, e o beijou, e disse: Porventura te não tem ungido o Senhor por capitão sobre a sua herdade?

2Partindo-te hoje de mim, acharás dois homens junto ao sepulchro de Rachel, no termo de Benjamin, em Zelsah, os quaes te dirão: Acharam-se as jumentas que foste buscar, e eis que já o teu pae deixou o negocio das jumentas, e anda afflicto por causa de vós, dizendo: Que farei eu por meu filho?

3E quando d'ali passares mais adiante, e chegares ao carvalho de Tabor, ali te encontrarão tres homens, que vão subindo a Deus a Beth-el: um levando tres cabritos, o outro tres bolos de pão, e o outro um odre de vinho.

4E te perguntarão como estás, e te darão dois pães, que tomarás da sua mão.

5Então virás ao outeiro de Deus, onde está a guarnição dos philisteos; e ha de ser que, entrando ali na cidade, encontrarás um rancho de prophetas que descem do alto, e trazem diante de si psalterios, e tambores, e flautas, e harpas; e prophetizarão.

6E o espirito do Senhor se apoderará de ti, e prophetizarás com elles, e te mudarás em outro homem.

7E ha de ser que, quando estes signaes te vierem, faze o que achar a tua mão, porque Deus é comtigo.

8Tu porém descerás diante de mim a Gilgal, e eis que eu descerei a ti, para sacrificar holocaustos, e para offerecer offertas pacificas: ali sete dias esperarás, até que eu venha a ti, e te declare o que has de fazer.

9Succedeu pois que, virando elle as costas para partir de Samuel, Deus lhe mudou o coração em outro: e todos aquelles signaes aconteceram aquelle mesmo dia.

10E, chegando elles ao outeiro, eis que um rancho de prophetas lhes saiu ao encontro: e o espirito do Senhor se apoderou d'elle, e prophetizou no meio d'elles.

11E aconteceu que, como todos os que d'antes o conheciam viram que eis que com os prophetas prophetizava, então disse o povo, cada qual ao seu companheiro: Que é o que succedeu ao filho de Kis? Está tambem Saul entre os prophetas?

12Então um homem d'ali respondeu, e disse: Pois quem é o pae d'elles? Pelo que se tornou em proverbio: Está tambem Saul entre os prophetas?

13E, acabando de prophetizar, veiu ao alto.

14E disse-lhe o tio de Saul, a elle e ao seu moço: Aonde fostes? E disse elle: A buscar as jumentas, e, vendo que não appareciam, viemos a Samuel.

15Então disse o tio de Saul: Declara-me, peço-te, que é o que vos disse Samuel?

16E disse Saul a seu tio: Declarou-nos, na verdade, que as jumentas se acharam. Porém o negocio do reino, de que Samuel fallara, lhe não declarou.

17Convocou pois Samuel o povo ao Senhor em Mispah.

18E disse aos filhos de Israel: Assim disse o Senhor Deus de Israel: Eu fiz subir a Israel do Egypto, e livrei-vos da mão dos egypcios e da mão de todos os reinos que vos opprimiam.

19Mas vós tendes rejeitado hoje a vosso Deus, que vos livrou de todos os vossos males e trabalhos, e lhe tendes dito: Põe um rei sobre nós: agora, pois, ponde-vos perante o Senhor, pelas vossas tribus e pelos vossos milhares.

20Fazendo pois chegar Samuel todas as tribus, tomou-se a tribu de Benjamin.

21E, fazendo chegar a tribu de Ben-jamin pelas suas familias, tomou-se a familia de Matri: e d'ella se tomou Saul, filho de Kis; e o buscaram, porém não se achou.

22Então tornaram a perguntar ao Senhor se aquelle homem ainda viria ali. E disse o Senhor: Eis que se escondeu entre a bagagem.

23E correram, e o tomaram d'ali, e poz-se no meio do povo: e era mais alto do que todo o povo desde o hombro para cima.

24Então disse Samuel a todo o povo: Vêdes já a quem o Senhor tem elegido? pois em todo o povo não ha nenhum similhante a elle. Então jubilou todo o povo, e disseram: Viva o rei!

25E declarou Samuel ao povo o direito do reino, e escreveu-o n'um livro, e pôl-o perante o Senhor: então enviou Samuel a todo o povo, cada um para sua casa.

26E foi-se tambem Saul a sua casa, a Gibeah: e foram com elle do exercito aquelles cujos corações Deus tocara.

27Mas os filhos de Belial disseram: É este o que nos ha de livrar? E o desprezaram, e não lhe trouxeram presentes: porém elle se fez como surdo.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Samuel privately anoints Saul as king over Israel, giving him confirming signs that come to pass exactly as foretold. Publicly, by lot, Saul is chosen before all the people, though he is found hiding among the baggage.

Explanation

Saul's private anointing by Samuel, followed by specific, verifiable signs (meeting certain men, receiving loaves of bread, prophesying with a group of prophets), served to confirm to Saul, in a personal and unmistakable way, that his choice was genuinely from God, not merely political. The fact that Saul hid 'among the baggage' at the moment he was to be publicly proclaimed king suggests a genuine hesitation or shyness in the face of the enormous responsibility, a trait of humble reluctance that contrasts with the pride he would develop later in his reign. The expression that became proverbial, 'Is Saul also among the prophets?', shows how Saul's sudden transformation surprised even those who had known him since childhood.

Fun facts

  • The 'hill of God' mentioned (v.5) probably refers to Gibeah, Saul's hometown, which had a Philistine garrison—showing that even before becoming king, Saul lived under partial foreign occupation.
  • The expression 'Is Saul also among the prophets?' would become a recurring proverb in Israel, repeated again later in chapter 19 under very different and more desperate circumstances.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Samuel 10:1Pouring oil on someone’s head was the formal rite that made a person anointed — hence the very title messiah (anointed one) that would later apply to David’s royal descendants and, in Christian tradition, to Jesus.
  2. 1 Samuel 10:2Samuel gives Saul a first verifiable, short-term sign — two specific men, in a specific place, saying something specific — so that he can gradually confirm that everything Samuel said is trustworthy.
  3. 1 Samuel 10:3The second sign is also very detailed: three men, with specific items, heading to Bethel for a sacrifice — another concrete confirmation before the final and most dramatic sign.
  4. 1 Samuel 10:4Receiving bread from strangers, though a small gesture, was also part of the agreed sign — each detail that came true reinforced Saul’s confidence in Samuel’s word.
  5. 1 Samuel 10:5Having a Philistine garrison inside Israel’s own territory shows how far foreign oppression had advanced — it is there, under enemy control, that Saul will receive the most striking sign.
  6. 1 Samuel 10:6Bands of prophets who came down playing instruments and fell into prophetic ecstasy were a known phenomenon in the ancient Near East; here the Spirit of the Lord takes hold of Saul in a similar way, visibly changing his behavior in front of everyone.
  7. 1 Samuel 10:7After confirming the signs, Samuel gives Saul freedom to act — “do as occasion serve thee” is a way of saying he can act on his own initiative, knowing God will be with him.
  8. 1 Samuel 10:8This instruction to wait at Gilgal seems secondary here, but it becomes crucial again, and the cause of a serious mistake by Saul, in chapter 13.
  9. 1 Samuel 10:9“God gave him another heart” describes a real inner transformation, not just a passing behavior — Saul leaves that meeting with Samuel a literally different man.
  10. 1 Samuel 10:10The first of the signs Samuel announced comes true exactly as promised — Saul falls into prophetic ecstasy in front of everyone, public and visible proof of the change God worked in him.
  11. 1 Samuel 10:11The people’s astonished question shows how shocking this change was to anyone who knew Saul before — no one expected this kind of behavior from him.
  12. 1 Samuel 10:12The people’s astonishment at seeing Saul seized by the same trance as the prophets became a popular saying about being “among the prophets” — it comes up again later, in chapter 19, when the same scene happens a second time.
  13. 1 Samuel 10:13After the prophetic episode, Saul returns to the normal road, going up to the sacrifice site, as if nothing unusual had happened that day.
  14. 1 Samuel 10:14Saul tells his uncle only the part of the story about the lost donkeys — deliberately leaving out, as the next verse confirms, the most important part of the conversation.
  15. 1 Samuel 10:15Saul’s uncle’s curiosity about the visit to Samuel shows that this kind of consultation with a recognized seer was seen as noteworthy news within the family.
  16. 1 Samuel 10:16Keeping the anointing secret, even from a close relative, shows Saul’s discretion — or perhaps his uncertainty about how to reveal something so momentous before the right time.
  17. 1 Samuel 10:17After the private anointing in the previous chapter, Samuel now organizes a public ceremony at Mizpeh to officially reveal who has been chosen as king.
  18. 1 Samuel 10:18Samuel opens the ceremony by recalling God’s history of delivering Israel without needing a human king — an introduction that already sets up the criticism in the next verse.
  19. 1 Samuel 10:19Even after already granting the request, Samuel still makes sure to state publicly that asking for a king was, at its core, a way of rejecting God as direct ruler.
  20. 1 Samuel 10:20The selection process uses lot casting, probably by Urim and Thummim, narrowing from tribe to family and then to person — a method seen as a direct revelation of God’s will.
  21. 1 Samuel 10:21Ironically, at the decisive moment of the public selection, the very man chosen is missing — without knowing it, Saul hides himself right as the lot falls on his name.
  22. 1 Samuel 10:22Consulting God again, now about Saul’s whereabouts, shows the selection process kept being guided by direct revelation, step by step, until the hidden chosen one was found.
  23. 1 Samuel 10:23Saul’s height, already mentioned in his introduction in chapter 9, is highlighted again here as the first thing the people saw when they found him hiding among the baggage.
  24. 1 Samuel 10:24“God save the king” is the first time this acclamation appears in the Hebrew Bible — a shout that would become the standard formula for popular recognition of kings from then on.
  25. 1 Samuel 10:25Recording in writing “the manner of the kingdom” and laying it up before the Lord suggests a formal document establishing the limits and duties of the new monarchy — a contract between king and God, not unchecked power.
  26. 1 Samuel 10:26Not everyone accepts the choice right away — only “a band of men whose hearts God had touched” go with Saul, a voluntary and still small group of supporters at the very start of the reign.
  27. 1 Samuel 10:27Bringing a gift to the new king was a sign of loyalty — refusing to do so was a deliberate insult. Saul’s response, pretending not to hear rather than reacting with violence, shows restraint right at the start of his reign.

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