1 Samuel 26

BLIVRE · Chapter 26/31

1E vieram os zifeus a Saul em Gibeá, dizendo: Não está Davi escondido no morro de Haquilá diante do deserto?

2Saul então se levantou, e desceu ao deserto de Zife, levando consigo três mil homens escolhidos de Israel, para buscar a Davi no deserto de Zife.

3E assentou Saul o campo no morro de Haquilá, que está diante do deserto junto ao caminho. E estava Davi no deserto, e entendeu que Saul lhe seguia no deserto.

4Davi, portanto, enviou espias, e entendeu por certo que Saul havia vindo.

5E levantou-se Davi, e veio ao lugar de onde Saul havia assentado o acampamento; e olhou Davi o lugar de onde dormia Saul, e Abner filho de Ner, general de seu exército. E estava Saul dormindo na trincheira, e o povo pelo acampamento em derredor dele.

6Então falou Davi, e perguntou a Aimeleque Heteu, e a Abisai filho de Zeruia, irmão de Joabe, dizendo: Quem descerá comigo a Saul ao campo: E disse Abisai: Eu descerei contigo.

7Davi pois e Abisai vieram ao povo de noite: e eis que Saul que estava estendido dormindo na trincheira, e sua lança fincada em terra à sua cabeceira; e Abner e o povo estavam ao redor dele estendidos.

8Então disse Abisai a Davi: Hoje Deus entregou a teu inimigo em tuas mãos: agora pois, eu o ferirei logo com a lança, fincando-lhe com a terra de um golpe, e não precisarei repetir.

9E Davi respondeu a Abisai: Não lhe mates: porque quem estender sua mão contra o ungido do SENHOR, e será inocente?

10Disse ademais Davi: Vive o SENHOR, que se o SENHOR não o ferir, ou que seu dia chegue para que morra, ou que descendo em batalha pereça,

11Guarde-me o SENHOR de estender minha mão contra o ungido do SENHOR; porém toma agora a lança que está à sua cabeceira, e a botija da água, e vamo-nos.

12Levou pois Davi a lança e a botija de água da cabeceira de Saul, e foram-se; que não houve ninguém que visse, nem entendesse, nem vigiasse, pois todos dormiam: porque um profundo sonho enviado do SENHOR havia caído sobre eles.

13E passando Davi da outra parte, pôs-se desviado no cume do monte, havendo grande distância entre eles;

14E deu vozes Davi ao povo, e a Abner filho de Ner, dizendo: Não respondes, Abner? Então Abner respondeu e disse: Quem és tu que dás vozes ao rei?

15E disse Davi a Abner: Não és tu homem? E quem há como tu em Israel? Por que, pois, não guardaste ao teu senhor, o rei? Pois entrou um do povo para matar ao teu senhor, o rei.

16Isto que fizeste não está bem. Vive o SENHOR, que sois dignos de morte, que não guardastes a vosso senhor, ao ungido do SENHOR. Olha, pois, agora onde está a lança do rei, e a botija da água que estava à sua cabeceira.

17E reconhecendo Saul a voz de Davi, disse: Não é esta tua voz, meu filho Davi? E Davi respondeu: É minha voz, ó rei, meu senhor.

18E disse: Por que persegue assim meu senhor a seu servo? que fiz? que mal há em minha mão?

19Rogo, pois, que o rei meu senhor ouça agora as palavras de seu servo. Se o SENHOR te incita contra mim, aceite um sacrifício: mas se forem filhos de homens, malditos eles na presença do SENHOR, que me expulsaram hoje para que não me junte na propriedade do SENHOR, dizendo: Vai, e serve a outros deuses.

20Não caia, pois agora meu sangue em terra diante do SENHOR: porque saiu o rei de Israel a buscar uma pulga, assim como quem persegue uma perdiz pelos montes.

21Então disse Saul: Pequei: volta-te, filho meu Davi, que nenhum mal te farei mais, pois que minha vida foi estimada hoje em teus olhos. Eis que eu agi loucamente, e errei em grande maneira.

22E Davi respondeu, e disse: Eis que a lança do rei; passe aqui um dos criados, e tome-a.

23E o SENHOR pague a cada um sua justiça e sua lealdade: que o SENHOR havia te entregue hoje em minha mão, mas eu não quis estender minha mão sobre o ungido do SENHOR.

24E eis que, como tua vida foi estimada hoje em meus olhos, assim seja minha vida estimada nos olhos do SENHOR, e me livre de toda aflição.

25E Saul disse a Davi: Bendito és tu, filho meu Davi; sem dúvida tu executarás grandes feitos, e prevalecerás. Então Davi se foi por seu caminho, e Saul voltou ao seu lugar.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Once again with the chance to kill Saul as he sleeps unprotected in the camp, David again refuses, taking only the spear and water jug as proof. Saul publicly acknowledges his wrongdoing, but David no longer trusts his words.

Explanation

This second, almost identical opportunity to kill Saul — this time in the military camp itself rather than a cave — reinforces through deliberate repetition David's central principle: refusing to take personal vengeance against the Lord's anointed, even when it would be easily justifiable and advantageous. The supernatural deep sleep that falls over Saul's entire camp, allowing David to come and go undetected, is explicitly attributed to the Lord himself (v.12), showing direct divine intervention protecting both David (by giving him the opportunity) and Saul (by keeping him from being killed). Despite Saul's verbal acknowledgment that he had acted foolishly, the repetition of this pattern — Saul pursuing, David sparing, Saul temporarily repenting — already shows David that words of repentance without real change in behavior offer no lasting security.

Fun facts

  • David's comparison of himself to 'a flea' and 'a partridge in the mountains' (v.20), whom Saul was pursuing, rhetorically emphasizes the disproportion between the real power of a king with an army and the truly small threat David actually posed.
  • This episode is so similar to the one in chapter 24 that some biblical scholars debate whether they are two distinct events or two narrative traditions of the same event, although the text clearly presents them as separate occasions.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Samuel 26:1The same Ziphites who had already betrayed David in chapter 23 repeat the same tip-off — showing their loyalty to Saul, or their fear of him, remained firm even after all this time.
  2. 1 Samuel 26:2The exact figure of three thousand soldiers repeats the same scale of military mobilization already used in chapter 24 — Saul had not scaled back this personal manhunt at all.
  3. 1 Samuel 26:3David is able to watch Saul’s approach from a safe distance, buying enough time to plan instead of reacting in haste.
  4. 1 Samuel 26:4Maintaining his own spy network shows how much David’s military organization had matured during his years on the run — he no longer relied on luck alone to stay ahead of Saul.
  5. 1 Samuel 26:5David risks approaching the enemy camp himself for a firsthand look — a calculated risk that sets up the bold raid the following night.
  6. 1 Samuel 26:6Ahimelech the Hittite is one of several foreigners who appear serving loyally under David — a pattern repeated throughout his military career, which drew warriors from many backgrounds.
  7. 1 Samuel 26:7The spear stuck in the ground by Saul’s head was probably a symbol of royal authority, always kept close at hand — a detail David will later use as irrefutable proof of how near he came.
  8. 1 Samuel 26:8Abishai proposes killing Saul with one sure strike, so confident in the opportunity that he promises he will not even need a second blow — the same temptation David’s men had already raised in the cave of chapter 24.
  9. 1 Samuel 26:9David repeats the same absolute principle from the cave episode: Saul’s anointing makes him untouchable, regardless of any practical justification for killing him.
  10. 1 Samuel 26:10David trusts that Saul’s death will come by natural means or by God’s own hand at the right time — refusing to speed up that process himself.
  11. 1 Samuel 26:11Instead of killing Saul, David decides to take only two symbolic objects — undeniable physical proof that he had full access to the sleeping king without causing him any harm.
  12. 1 Samuel 26:12The text says that “a deep sleep from the Lord” fell on Saul’s camp at the exact moment David needed to slip in and out unseen — crediting God, not luck or the soldiers’ fatigue, with the fact that no one woke up.
  13. 1 Samuel 26:13Putting a safe distance between himself and the camp before revealing his presence was essential: David needed to be out of reach of any immediate armed response.
  14. 1 Samuel 26:14David’s shout is aimed directly at Abner, the military commander responsible for Saul’s security — a calculated jab meant to expose his failure to keep watch.
  15. 1 Samuel 26:15David publicly accuses Abner of serious negligence — Israel’s most respected commander left his own king vulnerable to an assassination that only failed to happen because David chose not to act.
  16. 1 Samuel 26:16David turns the physical evidence, the missing spear and water jug, into the most damning possible proof of the security failure, exposing Abner before the whole camp.
  17. 1 Samuel 26:17Saul’s instant recognition of David’s voice nearly repeats the scene from chapter 24 — the cycle of chasing and temporary reconciliation had by now become almost ritual between the two men.
  18. 1 Samuel 26:18David repeats the same rhetorical question from the earlier cave encounter — underlining that, despite all the time that had passed, nothing had changed about the basic injustice of the chase.
  19. 1 Samuel 26:19Being driven out of the land of Israel was understood, at the time, as almost being driven out of the Lord’s own reach — hence David saying that if men, not God, pushed him out, it would be as if they sent him to “serve other gods,” since every land, in the ancient mindset, had a god tied to it.
  20. 1 Samuel 26:20The same images of insignificance, a flea, a partridge hunted in the mountains, already used in chapter 24 reappear here, underscoring how disproportionate David considered the manhunt against him.
  21. 1 Samuel 26:21Saul’s confession here is even more direct than in chapter 24 — but the story has already taught the reader, and David, that this verbal repentance did not mean any lasting change in behavior.
  22. 1 Samuel 26:22Formally returning the spear through an intermediary keeps the safe distance David had established, avoiding any risky approach even after the verbal reconciliation.
  23. 1 Samuel 26:23David closes by appealing once more to God’s justice as the final arbiter, refusing to claim any credit for himself beyond having honored the principle of the sacred anointing.
  24. 1 Samuel 26:24David trades the assurance he gave Saul for a personal request: that God treat his own life with the same care he showed in sparing the king’s life.
  25. 1 Samuel 26:25This is the last direct interaction recorded between Saul and David in the whole book — after this meeting, the two never see each other in person again before Saul’s death.

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