Deuteronômio 1

ARC · Chapter 1/34

1Estas são as palavras que Moysés fallou a todo o Israel d'áquem do Jordão, no deserto, na planicie defronte do Mar de Suph, entre Paran e Tophel, e Laban, e Hazeroth, e Dizahab.

2Onze jornadas ha, desde Horeb, caminho da montanha de Seir, até Cades-barnea.

3E succedeu que, no anno quadragesimo, no mez undecimo, no primeiro dia do mez, Moysés fallou aos filhos de Israel, conforme a tudo o que o Senhor lhe mandara ácerca d'elles,

4Depois que feriu a Sehon, rei dos amorrheos, que habitava em Hesbon, e a Og, rei de Basan, que habitava em Astaroth, em Edrei.

5D'áquem do Jordão, na terra de Moab, começou Moysés a declarar esta lei, dizendo:

6O Senhor nosso Deus nos fallou em Horeb, dizendo: Assás haveis estado n'este monte.

7Virae-vos, e parti-vos, e ide á montanha dos amorrheos, e a todos os seus visinhos, á planicie, e á montanha, e ao valle, e ao sul, e á ribeira do mar; á terra dos cananeos, e ao Libano, até ao grande rio, o rio Euphrates.

8Vêdes aqui esta terra vol-a dei diante de vós: entrae e possui a terra que o Senhor jurou a vossos paes, Abrahão, Isaac, e Jacob, que a daria a elles e á sua semente depois d'elles.

9E no mesmo tempo eu vos fallei, dizendo: Eu não poderei levar-vos só.

10O Senhor vosso Deus já vos tem multiplicado: e eis-que já hoje em multidão sois como as estrellas dos céus.

11O Senhor Deus de vossos paes vos augmente, como sois, ainda mil vezes mais: e vos abençoe, como vos tem fallado.

12Como supportaria eu só as vossas molestias, e as vossas cargas, e as vossas differenças?

13Tomae-vos homens sabios e entendidos, experimentados entre as vossas tribus, para que os ponha por vossas cabeças.

14Então vós me respondestes, e dissestes: Bom é de fazer a palavra que tens fallado.

15Tomei pois os cabeças de vossas tribus, homens sabios e experimentados, e os tenho posto por cabeças sobre vós, por capitães de milhares, e por capitães de cem, e por capitães de cincoenta, e por capitães de dez, e por governadores das vossas tribus

16E no mesmo tempo mandei a vossos juizes, dizendo: Ouvi a causa entre vossos irmãos, e julgae justamente entre o homem e seu irmão, e entre o estrangeiro que está com elle.

17Não attentareis para pessoa alguma em juizo, ouvireis assim o pequeno como o grande: não temereis a face de ninguem, porque o juizo é de Deus; porém a causa que vos fôr difficil fareis vir a mim, e eu a ouvirei.

18Assim n'aquelle tempo vos ordenei todas as coisas que havieis de fazer.

19Então partimos de Horeb, e caminhámos por todo aquelle grande e tremendo deserto que vistes, pelo caminho das montanhas dos amorrheos, como o Senhor nosso Deus nos ordenara: e chegámos a Cades-barnea.

20Então eu vos disse: Chegados sois ás montanhas dos amorrheos, que o Senhor nosso Deus nos dará.

21Eis aqui o Senhor teu Deus te deu esta terra diante de ti: sobe, possue-a, como te fallou o Senhor Deus de teus paes: não temas, e não te assustes.

22Então todos vós vos chegastes a mim, e dissestes: Mandemos homens adiante de nós, para que nos espiem a terra, e nos dêem resposta, por que caminho devemos subir a ella, e a que cidades devemos ir.

23Pareceu-me pois bem este negocio: de sorte que de vós tomei doze homens, de cada tribu um homem.

24E foram-se, e subiram á montanha, e vieram até ao valle de Escol, e o espiaram.

25E tomaram do fructo da terra nas suas mãos, e nol-o trouxeram, e nos tornaram a dar resposta, e disseram: Boa é a terra que nos dá o Senhor nosso Deus.

26Porém vós não quizestes subir: mas fostes rebeldes ao mandado do Senhor nosso Deus.

27E murmurastes nas vossas tendas, e dissestes: Porquanto o Senhor nos aborrece, nos tirou da terra do Egypto para nos entregar nas mãos dos amorrheos, para destruir-nos.

28Para onde subiremos? nossos irmãos fizeram com que se derretesse o nosso coração, dizendo: Maior e mais alto é este povo do que nós, as cidades são grandes e fortificadas até aos céus; e tambem vimos ali filhos dos gigantes.

29Então eu vos disse: Não vos espanteis, nem os temaes.

30O Senhor vosso Deus que vae adiante de vós, elle por vós pelejará, conforme a tudo o que fez comvosco, diante de vossos olhos, no Egypto;

31Como tambem no deserto, onde viste que o Senhor teu Deus n'elle te levou, como um homem leva seu filho, por todo o caminho que andastes, até chegardes a este logar.

32Mas nem por isso crestes ao Senhor vosso Deus,

33Que foi adiante de vós por todo o caminho, para vos achar o logar onde vós deverieis acampar: de noite no fogo, para vos mostrar o caminho por onde havieis de andar, e de dia na nuvem.

34Ouvindo pois o Senhor a voz das vossas palavras, indignou-se, e jurou, dizendo:

35Nenhum dos homens d'esta maligna geração verá esta boa terra que jurei de dar a vossos paes,

36Salvo Caleb, filho de Jefoné; elle a verá, e a terra que pisou darei a elle e a seus filhos: porquanto perseverou em seguir ao Senhor.

37Tambem o Senhor se indignou contra mim por causa de vós, dizendo: Tambem tu lá não entrarás.

38Josué, filho de Nun, que está em pé diante de ti, elle ali entrará: esforça-o, porque elle a fará herdar a Israel.

39E vossos meninos, de que dissestes: Por presa serão: e vossos filhos, que hoje nem bem nem mal sabem, elles ali entrarão, e a elles, a darei, e elles a possuirão.

40Porém vós virae-vos, e parti para o deserto, pelo caminho do Mar Vermelho.

41Então respondestes, e me dissestes: Peccámos contra o Senhor: nós subiremos e pelejaremos, conforme a tudo o que nos ordenou o Senhor nosso Deus: e armastes-vos pois vós, cada um dos seus instrumentos de guerra, e estivestes prestes para subir á montanha.

42E disse-me o Senhor: Dize-lhes: Não subaes nem pelejeis, pois não estou no meio de vós; para que não sejaes feridos diante de vossos inimigos.

43Porém, fallando-vos eu, não ouvistes: antes fostes rebeldes ao mandado do Senhor, e vos ensoberbecestes, e subistes á montanha.

44E os amorrheos, que habitavam n'aquella montanha, vos sairam ao encontro; e perseguiram-vos como fazem as abelhas, e vos derrotaram desde Seir até Horma.

45Tornando pois vós, e chorando perante o Senhor, o Senhor não ouviu a vossa voz, nem vos escutou.

46Assim em Cades estivestes muitos dias, segundo os dias que ali estivestes.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Moses begins his final address to the people of Israel on the plains of Moab, recalling the journey from Mount Horeb and the tragic failure at Kadesh-barnea, when the people, afraid because of the spies' report, refused to enter the promised land.

Explanation

Deuteronomy literally means 'second law' — not a new law, but Moses' farewell address recalling the Law and history to the new generation about to enter the land, since the previous generation had died in the wilderness through unbelief. By retelling the episode of the spies right at the outset, Moses sets the tone for the whole book: learning from past mistakes so as not to repeat them. It is significant that Moses includes his own failure in this summary (being unable to enter the land because of the incident at the rock), showing humility in admitting the personal consequences of wrong decisions, even though he was Israel's greatest leader. The application for today: honestly revisiting one's own history, including its failures, is essential before taking important steps toward the future.

Fun facts

  • The phrase 'there are eleven days' journey from Horeb' (v. 2), a trip that would normally take about eleven days, contrasts sharply with the 40 years Israel actually took — a quiet reminder, right at the book's opening, of how much unbelief can delay the fulfillment of a promise.
  • This address was delivered in the 'eleventh month of the fortieth year' (v. 3), meaning Moses is speaking only about two months before his own death, giving the whole book the tone of an urgent, final testament.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Deuteronômio 1:1This passage opens the book as a farewell speech, not third‑person narrative: it is Moses reminding the people of everything they lived through, following the format of the treaties kings of that era made with their vassals — first the history of the relationship, then the laws, and finally blessings and curses. That is why Deuteronomy sounds like an end‑of‑life sermon, retelling what was already told in Exodus and Numbers.
  2. Deuteronômio 1:2A geographical note that weighs on the whole book: from Horeb to Kadesh‑barnea is only an eleven‑day journey under normal conditions. That detail makes it even more shocking that the people took forty years to make the same trip.
  3. Deuteronômio 1:3Moses is giving this speech right at the end, in the fortieth year after leaving Egypt — in other words, it is a farewell summary, delivered on the eve of entering Canaan, not an account from the start of the journey.
  4. Deuteronômio 1:4The speech comes right after the recent victories over Sihon and Og, two kings on the east side of the Jordan. Those conquests already showed the people that God would keep His promise of the land.
  5. Deuteronômio 1:5The scene is set: Moses is in the plains of Moab, still outside Canaan, about to explain the law to the people before the crossing of the Jordan that he himself will not make.
  6. Deuteronômio 1:6God opens by saying that enough time has already been spent standing still at Mount Horeb (Sinai): it is time to move on toward the promised land.
  7. Deuteronômio 1:7The order to leave points to a huge territory — plain, hill country, valley, south, coastland, the land of the Canaanites, all the way to the Euphrates — showing the extent of the land God promised to give.
  8. Deuteronômio 1:8God hands over the land as a gift already given, not a conquest earned by merit: all they have to do is enter and take possession of what was sworn to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
  9. Deuteronômio 1:9Moses recalls the moment he realized he could not handle leading a people that size alone, opening the way for a system of assistant leaders to be created.
  10. Deuteronômio 1:10The people had already grown so much that they seemed impossible to count, like the stars of the sky — the same image used in the promise made to Abraham in Genesis.
  11. Deuteronômio 1:11Moses adds one more request: that God multiply the people a thousand times more than they already were, and bless them as He had promised.
  12. Deuteronômio 1:12The question is rhetorical: how could one man alone bear the troubles, the burdens, and the disputes of such a large people? That is the direct reason for dividing up the leadership.
  13. Deuteronômio 1:13Moses asks each tribe to put forward its own wise and experienced men, to become leaders recognized by the people themselves, not imposed from outside.
  14. Deuteronômio 1:14The people accept the idea without resistance: they agree that the proposal to divide the leadership among several chiefs was good.
  15. Deuteronômio 1:15Moses organizes the chosen leaders into a military hierarchy — captains of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens — a practical system for administering a huge people in the desert.
  16. Deuteronômio 1:16The instruction to the judges is to judge fairly the cases between brothers, and also those involving the foreigner, with no difference in treatment because of a person’s origin.
  17. Deuteronômio 1:17The central statement is that judgment belongs to God, so the judge does not judge in his own name: that is why he must not show partiality between rich and poor, nor be afraid of anyone. It was a common idea in the ancient world, where the local judge acted as a delegate of a higher authority than himself.
  18. Deuteronômio 1:18Moses closes the summary of this organizational period by saying he had already given all the instructions the people needed for their life at that time.
  19. Deuteronômio 1:19The people leave Horeb and cross the great and terrifying wilderness until they reach Kadesh‑barnea — the point where the story is about to go wrong in the following verses.
  20. Deuteronômio 1:20Moses announces that they have finally reached the hill country of the Amorites, the very land God was about to give them.
  21. Deuteronômio 1:21The encouragement is direct: the land is already set before them, all they have to do is go up and take possession, without fear and without being terrified.
  22. Deuteronômio 1:22The idea of sending spies did not come from God but from the people themselves, who wanted to scout the route and the cities first before advancing.
  23. Deuteronômio 1:23Moses agrees to the request and chooses twelve spies, one representative from each tribe of Israel.
  24. Deuteronômio 1:24The spies go up to the Valley of Eshcol and carry out the mission of scouting the land from within.
  25. Deuteronômio 1:25They come back with fruit from the land in their hands and a positive report: the land God was giving them was truly good.
  26. Deuteronômio 1:26Despite the good report, the people refuse to go up — the beginning of the rebellion against God’s direct command.
  27. Deuteronômio 1:27In their tents, the people twist God’s intention: instead of seeing a gift, they accuse God of hating them and of having brought them out of Egypt only to die at the hands of the Amorites.
  28. Deuteronômio 1:28“The sons of the Anakims” translates a legendary people described as enormous warriors who lived in Canaan — their reputation had already come up earlier, in Numbers 13. The people’s fear is not the exaggeration of cowards: it is a real fear of facing fortified cities and a people seen as superhuman.
  29. Deuteronômio 1:29Facing the collective panic, Moses tries to calm the people: there is no reason for terror or for fear of the enemies.
  30. Deuteronômio 1:30Moses’ argument is recent experience: the same God who fought for them in Egypt will go ahead and fight for them now.
  31. Deuteronômio 1:31The image used is that of a father carrying his son — that is how God carried them through the whole journey in the wilderness.
  32. Deuteronômio 1:32Even with all that reminder of God’s care, the people simply did not trust God at the decisive moment.
  33. Deuteronômio 1:33God’s care is described in detail: He went ahead of them choosing where to camp, guiding by night with fire and by day with a cloud.
  34. Deuteronômio 1:34Hearing the people’s complaints, God reacts with indignation and makes an oath — which will be spelled out in the next verse.
  35. Deuteronômio 1:35The oath is harsh: not one of that disobedient generation will see the good land promised to their ancestors.
  36. Deuteronômio 1:36Caleb escapes the general punishment because, among the twelve spies, he was one of the two who trusted that the people could take the land. He is the only one from the exodus generation, along with Joshua, who will be allowed to enter Canaan.
  37. Deuteronômio 1:37Not even Moses escapes the consequences: because of the people’s revolt, God also bars him from entering the promised land.
  38. Deuteronômio 1:38The one who will inherit the leadership and bring the people into the land is Joshua, Moses’ assistant — hence the request to encourage him starting now.
  39. Deuteronômio 1:39The children who still did not know how to tell good from evil are precisely the ones God decides to spare from the punishment of the rebellious generation: too young to be held responsible for their own actions, they inherit the land their parents lost by distrusting the promise.
  40. Deuteronômio 1:40God’s command turns into punishment: instead of entering Canaan, the people have to turn around and go back to the wilderness, toward the Red Sea.
  41. Deuteronômio 1:41Only after the sentence do the people repent and want to attack on their own — but now it is too late, without God’s authorization.
  42. Deuteronômio 1:42God warns through Moses: do not go up, do not fight now, because He will not be with them in this attack — and without Him, defeat is certain.
  43. Deuteronômio 1:43Even after being warned, the people ignore Moses again, act with arrogance, and go up the mountain on their own.
  44. Deuteronômio 1:44The result is the announced defeat: the Amorites come out to meet them and chase them like bees, from Seir all the way to Hormah.
  45. Deuteronômio 1:45This time, when they weep before the LORD in repentance, He does not listen — the punishment had already been decreed.
  46. Deuteronômio 1:46The chapter closes with the people stuck at Kadesh for many days, unable to go forward or turn back, paying the price of disobedience.

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