Deuteronômio 1

BLIVRE · Chapter 1/34

1Estas são as palavras que falou Moisés a todo Israel desta parte do Jordão no deserto, na planície diante do mar Vermelho, entre Parã, e Tofel, e Labã, e Hazerote, e Di-Zaabe.

2Onze jornadas há desde Horebe, caminho do monte de Seir, até Cades-Barneia.

3E foi, que aos quarenta anos, no mês décimo primeiro, ao primeiro dia do mês, Moisés falou aos filhos de Israel conforme todas as coisas que o SENHOR lhe havia mandado acerca deles;

4Depois que feriu a Seom rei dos amorreus, que habitava em Hesbom, e a Ogue rei de Basã, que habitava em Astarote em Edrei:

5Desta parte do Jordão, em terra de Moabe, resolveu Moisés declarar esta lei, dizendo:

6O SENHOR nosso Deus nos falou em Horebe, dizendo: Demais haveis estado neste monte;

7Voltai-vos, parti-vos e ide ao monte dos amorreus, e a todos seus vizinhos, na planície, no monte, e nos vales, e ao sul, e à costa do mar, à terra dos cananeus, e o Líbano, até o grande rio, o rio Eufrates.

8Olhai, eu dei a terra em vossa presença; entrai e possuí a terra que o SENHOR jurou a vossos pais Abraão, Isaque, e Jacó, que lhes daria a eles e à sua descendência depois deles.

9E eu vos falei então, dizendo: Eu não posso vos levar só:

10O SENHOR vosso Deus vos multiplicou, e eis que sois hoje vós como as estrelas do céu em abundância.

11O SENHOR Deus de vossos pais acrescente sobre vós como sois mil vezes, e vos abençoe, como vos prometeu!

12Como levarei eu só vossos problemas, vossas cargas, e vossos pleitos?

13Dai-me dentre vós, de vossas tribos, homens sábios e entendidos e experientes, para que eu os ponha por vossos chefes.

14E me respondestes, e dissestes: Bom é fazer o que disseste.

15E tomei os principais de vossas tribos, homens sábios e experientes, e os pus por chefes sobre vós, chefes de milhares, e chefes de centenas, e chefes de cinquenta, e líderes de dez, e governadores a vossas tribos.

16E então mandei a vossos juízes, dizendo: Ouvi entre vossos irmãos, e julgai justamente entre o homem e seu irmão, e o que lhe é estrangeiro.

17Não tenhais acepção de pessoas no juízo: tanto ao pequeno como ao grande ouvireis: não tereis temor de ninguém, porque o juízo é de Deus: e a causa que vos for difícil, a trareis a mim, e eu a ouvirei.

18Eu vos mandei, pois, naquele tempo tudo o que havíeis de fazer.

19Então partimos de Horebe, e andamos por todo aquele grande e temível deserto que vistes, pelo caminho montanhoso dos amorreus, como o SENHOR, nosso Deus, havia nos mandado; e chegamos a Cades-Barneia.

20Então eu vos disse: ‘Chegastes à região montanhosa dos amorreus, a qual o SENHOR, nosso Deus, nos dá.

21Eis que o SENHOR, teu Deus, deu diante de ti esta terra; sobe e tomai posse dela, como o SENHOR, o Deus dos teus pais, te disse; não temas nem te apavores.’

22Então todos vós vos aproximastes de mim, e dissestes: ‘Enviemos homens adiante de nós, que nos reconheçam a terra, e nos tragam de volta relato de qual caminho por onde devemos subir, e das cidades aonde devemos ir.’

23E isso me pareceu bem. Então tomei doze homens de vós, um homem de cada tribo.

24Eles se foram, subiram às montanhas, chegaram ao vale de Escol, e o reconheceram.

25E tomaram em suas mãos do fruto daquela terra, e o trouxeram a nós, e nos contaram, e disseram: ‘A terra que o SENHOR, nosso Deus, nos dá, é boa.’

26Porém não quisestes subir, mas fostes rebeldes à ordem do SENHOR, vosso Deus;

27E murmurastes em vossas tendas, dizendo: ‘É porque o SENHOR nos odeia que ele nos tirou da terra do Egito, para nos entregar nas mãos dos amorreus, para nos destruir.

28Para onde subiremos? Nossos irmãos fizeram derreter o nosso coração, dizendo: Este povo é maior e mais alto que nós, as cidades são grandes e muradas até o céu; e também vimos ali filhos de gigantes.’

29Então vos disse: Não temais, nem tenhais medo deles.

30O SENHOR vosso Deus, o qual vai diante de vós, ele lutará por vós, conforme todas as coisas que fez por vós no Egito diante vossos olhos;

31E no deserto viste que o SENHOR teu Deus te trouxe, como traz o homem a seu filho, por todo o caminho que andastes, até que viestes a este lugar.

32E ainda com isto não crestes no SENHOR vosso Deus,

33O qual ia diante de vós pelo caminho, para reconhecer-vos o lugar onde havíeis de assentar o acampamento, com fogo de noite para vos mostrar o caminho por onde andásseis, e com nuvem de dia.

34E ouviu o SENHOR a voz de vossas palavras, e irou-se, e jurou dizendo:

35Não verá homem algum destes desta má geração, a boa terra que jurei havia de dar a vossos pais,

36Exceto Calebe filho de Jefoné: ele a verá, e a ele lhe darei a terra que pisou, e a seus filhos; porque cumpriu em seguir ao SENHOR.

37E também contra mim se irou o SENHOR por vós, dizendo: Tampouco tu entrarás ali:

38Josué filho de Num, que está diante de ti, ele entrará ali: anima-o; porque ele a fará herdar a Israel.

39E vossas crianças, das quais dissestes serão por presa, e vossos filhos que não sabem hoje bem nem mal, eles entrarão ali, e a eles a darei, e eles a herdarão.

40E vós voltai-vos, e parti-vos ao deserto caminho do mar Vermelho.

41Então respondestes e me dissestes: Pecado temos contra o SENHOR; nós subiremos e lutaremos, conforme tudo o que o SENHOR nosso Deus nos mandou. E vos armastes cada um de suas armas de guerra, e vos preparastes para subir ao monte.

42E o SENHOR me disse: Dize-lhes: Não subais, nem luteis, pois não estou entre vós; para que não sejais feridos diante de vossos inimigos.

43E vos falei, e não destes ouvido; antes fostes rebeldes ao dito do SENHOR, e persistindo com altivez, subistes ao monte.

44E saíram os amorreus, que habitavam naquele monte, a vosso encontro, e vos perseguiram, como fazem as vespas, e vos derrotaram em Seir, perseguindo-vos até Hormá.

45E voltastes, e chorastes diante do SENHOR; mas o SENHOR não escutou vossa voz, nem vos prestou ouvido.

46E estivestes em Cades por muitos dias, como nos dias que estivestes.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Moses begins his final address to the people of Israel on the plains of Moab, recalling the journey from Mount Horeb and the tragic failure at Kadesh-barnea, when the people, afraid because of the spies' report, refused to enter the promised land.

Explanation

Deuteronomy literally means 'second law' — not a new law, but Moses' farewell address recalling the Law and history to the new generation about to enter the land, since the previous generation had died in the wilderness through unbelief. By retelling the episode of the spies right at the outset, Moses sets the tone for the whole book: learning from past mistakes so as not to repeat them. It is significant that Moses includes his own failure in this summary (being unable to enter the land because of the incident at the rock), showing humility in admitting the personal consequences of wrong decisions, even though he was Israel's greatest leader. The application for today: honestly revisiting one's own history, including its failures, is essential before taking important steps toward the future.

Fun facts

  • The phrase 'there are eleven days' journey from Horeb' (v. 2), a trip that would normally take about eleven days, contrasts sharply with the 40 years Israel actually took — a quiet reminder, right at the book's opening, of how much unbelief can delay the fulfillment of a promise.
  • This address was delivered in the 'eleventh month of the fortieth year' (v. 3), meaning Moses is speaking only about two months before his own death, giving the whole book the tone of an urgent, final testament.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Deuteronômio 1:1This passage opens the book as a farewell speech, not third‑person narrative: it is Moses reminding the people of everything they lived through, following the format of the treaties kings of that era made with their vassals — first the history of the relationship, then the laws, and finally blessings and curses. That is why Deuteronomy sounds like an end‑of‑life sermon, retelling what was already told in Exodus and Numbers.
  2. Deuteronômio 1:2A geographical note that weighs on the whole book: from Horeb to Kadesh‑barnea is only an eleven‑day journey under normal conditions. That detail makes it even more shocking that the people took forty years to make the same trip.
  3. Deuteronômio 1:3Moses is giving this speech right at the end, in the fortieth year after leaving Egypt — in other words, it is a farewell summary, delivered on the eve of entering Canaan, not an account from the start of the journey.
  4. Deuteronômio 1:4The speech comes right after the recent victories over Sihon and Og, two kings on the east side of the Jordan. Those conquests already showed the people that God would keep His promise of the land.
  5. Deuteronômio 1:5The scene is set: Moses is in the plains of Moab, still outside Canaan, about to explain the law to the people before the crossing of the Jordan that he himself will not make.
  6. Deuteronômio 1:6God opens by saying that enough time has already been spent standing still at Mount Horeb (Sinai): it is time to move on toward the promised land.
  7. Deuteronômio 1:7The order to leave points to a huge territory — plain, hill country, valley, south, coastland, the land of the Canaanites, all the way to the Euphrates — showing the extent of the land God promised to give.
  8. Deuteronômio 1:8God hands over the land as a gift already given, not a conquest earned by merit: all they have to do is enter and take possession of what was sworn to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
  9. Deuteronômio 1:9Moses recalls the moment he realized he could not handle leading a people that size alone, opening the way for a system of assistant leaders to be created.
  10. Deuteronômio 1:10The people had already grown so much that they seemed impossible to count, like the stars of the sky — the same image used in the promise made to Abraham in Genesis.
  11. Deuteronômio 1:11Moses adds one more request: that God multiply the people a thousand times more than they already were, and bless them as He had promised.
  12. Deuteronômio 1:12The question is rhetorical: how could one man alone bear the troubles, the burdens, and the disputes of such a large people? That is the direct reason for dividing up the leadership.
  13. Deuteronômio 1:13Moses asks each tribe to put forward its own wise and experienced men, to become leaders recognized by the people themselves, not imposed from outside.
  14. Deuteronômio 1:14The people accept the idea without resistance: they agree that the proposal to divide the leadership among several chiefs was good.
  15. Deuteronômio 1:15Moses organizes the chosen leaders into a military hierarchy — captains of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens — a practical system for administering a huge people in the desert.
  16. Deuteronômio 1:16The instruction to the judges is to judge fairly the cases between brothers, and also those involving the foreigner, with no difference in treatment because of a person’s origin.
  17. Deuteronômio 1:17The central statement is that judgment belongs to God, so the judge does not judge in his own name: that is why he must not show partiality between rich and poor, nor be afraid of anyone. It was a common idea in the ancient world, where the local judge acted as a delegate of a higher authority than himself.
  18. Deuteronômio 1:18Moses closes the summary of this organizational period by saying he had already given all the instructions the people needed for their life at that time.
  19. Deuteronômio 1:19The people leave Horeb and cross the great and terrifying wilderness until they reach Kadesh‑barnea — the point where the story is about to go wrong in the following verses.
  20. Deuteronômio 1:20Moses announces that they have finally reached the hill country of the Amorites, the very land God was about to give them.
  21. Deuteronômio 1:21The encouragement is direct: the land is already set before them, all they have to do is go up and take possession, without fear and without being terrified.
  22. Deuteronômio 1:22The idea of sending spies did not come from God but from the people themselves, who wanted to scout the route and the cities first before advancing.
  23. Deuteronômio 1:23Moses agrees to the request and chooses twelve spies, one representative from each tribe of Israel.
  24. Deuteronômio 1:24The spies go up to the Valley of Eshcol and carry out the mission of scouting the land from within.
  25. Deuteronômio 1:25They come back with fruit from the land in their hands and a positive report: the land God was giving them was truly good.
  26. Deuteronômio 1:26Despite the good report, the people refuse to go up — the beginning of the rebellion against God’s direct command.
  27. Deuteronômio 1:27In their tents, the people twist God’s intention: instead of seeing a gift, they accuse God of hating them and of having brought them out of Egypt only to die at the hands of the Amorites.
  28. Deuteronômio 1:28“The sons of the Anakims” translates a legendary people described as enormous warriors who lived in Canaan — their reputation had already come up earlier, in Numbers 13. The people’s fear is not the exaggeration of cowards: it is a real fear of facing fortified cities and a people seen as superhuman.
  29. Deuteronômio 1:29Facing the collective panic, Moses tries to calm the people: there is no reason for terror or for fear of the enemies.
  30. Deuteronômio 1:30Moses’ argument is recent experience: the same God who fought for them in Egypt will go ahead and fight for them now.
  31. Deuteronômio 1:31The image used is that of a father carrying his son — that is how God carried them through the whole journey in the wilderness.
  32. Deuteronômio 1:32Even with all that reminder of God’s care, the people simply did not trust God at the decisive moment.
  33. Deuteronômio 1:33God’s care is described in detail: He went ahead of them choosing where to camp, guiding by night with fire and by day with a cloud.
  34. Deuteronômio 1:34Hearing the people’s complaints, God reacts with indignation and makes an oath — which will be spelled out in the next verse.
  35. Deuteronômio 1:35The oath is harsh: not one of that disobedient generation will see the good land promised to their ancestors.
  36. Deuteronômio 1:36Caleb escapes the general punishment because, among the twelve spies, he was one of the two who trusted that the people could take the land. He is the only one from the exodus generation, along with Joshua, who will be allowed to enter Canaan.
  37. Deuteronômio 1:37Not even Moses escapes the consequences: because of the people’s revolt, God also bars him from entering the promised land.
  38. Deuteronômio 1:38The one who will inherit the leadership and bring the people into the land is Joshua, Moses’ assistant — hence the request to encourage him starting now.
  39. Deuteronômio 1:39The children who still did not know how to tell good from evil are precisely the ones God decides to spare from the punishment of the rebellious generation: too young to be held responsible for their own actions, they inherit the land their parents lost by distrusting the promise.
  40. Deuteronômio 1:40God’s command turns into punishment: instead of entering Canaan, the people have to turn around and go back to the wilderness, toward the Red Sea.
  41. Deuteronômio 1:41Only after the sentence do the people repent and want to attack on their own — but now it is too late, without God’s authorization.
  42. Deuteronômio 1:42God warns through Moses: do not go up, do not fight now, because He will not be with them in this attack — and without Him, defeat is certain.
  43. Deuteronômio 1:43Even after being warned, the people ignore Moses again, act with arrogance, and go up the mountain on their own.
  44. Deuteronômio 1:44The result is the announced defeat: the Amorites come out to meet them and chase them like bees, from Seir all the way to Hormah.
  45. Deuteronômio 1:45This time, when they weep before the LORD in repentance, He does not listen — the punishment had already been decreed.
  46. Deuteronômio 1:46The chapter closes with the people stuck at Kadesh for many days, unable to go forward or turn back, paying the price of disobedience.

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