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2 Crônicas 10

BLIVRE · Chapter 10/36

1E Roboão foi a Siquém porque em Siquém se havia juntado todo Israel para fazê-lo rei.

2E quando o ouviu Jeroboão filho de Nebate, o qual estava em Egito, de onde havia fugido por causa do rei Salomão, voltou do Egito.

3E enviaram e chamaram-lhe. Veio, pois, Jeroboão, e todo Israel, e falaram a Roboão, dizendo:

4Teu pai agravou nosso jugo: alivia tu, pois, agora algo da dura servidão, e do grave jugo com que teu pai nos pressionou, e te serviremos.

5E ele lhes disse: Voltai a mim daqui a três dias. E o povo se foi.

6Então o rei Roboão tomou conselho com os anciãos, que haviam estado diante de Salomão seu pai quando vivia, e disse-lhes: Como aconselhais vós que responda a este povo?

7E eles lhe falaram, dizendo: Se te conduzires humanamente com este povo, e os agradares, e lhes falares boas palavras, eles te servirão perpetuamente.

8Mas ele, deixando o conselho que lhe deram os anciãos, tomou conselho com os rapazes que se haviam criado com ele, e que diante dele assistiam;

9E disse-lhes: Que aconselhais vós que respondamos a este povo, que me falou, dizendo: Alivia algo do jugo que teu pai pôs sobre nós?

10Então os rapazes que se haviam criado com ele, lhe falaram, dizendo: Assim dirás ao povo que te falou dizendo, Teu pai agravou nosso jugo, mas tu livra-nos da carga: assim lhes dirás: O meu dedo mínimo é mais espesso que os lombos de meu pai.

11Assim que, meu pai vos impôs carga de grave jugo, e eu acrescentarei a vosso jugo: meu pai vos castigou com açoites, e eu com escorpiões.

12Veio, pois, Jeroboão com todo o povo a Roboão ao terceiro dia: segundo o rei lhes havia mandado dizendo: Voltai a mim daqui a três dias.

13E respondeu-lhes o rei asperamente; pois deixou o rei Roboão o conselho dos anciãos,

14E falou-lhes conforme ao conselho dos rapazes, dizendo: Meu pai agravou vosso jugo, e eu acrescentarei a vosso jugo: meu pai vos castigou com açoites, e eu com escorpiões.

15E não escutou o rei ao povo; porque a causa era de Deus, para cumprir o SENHOR sua palavra que havia falado, por Aías silonita, a Jeroboão filho de Nebate.

16E vendo todo Israel que o rei não lhes havia ouvido, respondeu o povo ao rei, dizendo: Que parte temos nós com Davi, nem herança no filho de Jessé? Israel, cada um a suas moradas! Davi, olha agora por tua casa! Assim se foi todo Israel a suas casas.

17Mas reinou Roboão sobre os filhos de Israel que habitavam nas cidades de Judá.

18Enviou logo o rei Roboão a Adorão, que tinha cargo dos tributos; mas lhe apedrejaram os filhos de Israel, e morreu. Então se esforçou o rei Roboão, e subindo em um carro fugiu a Jerusalém.

19Assim se separou Israel da casa de Davi até hoje.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

After Solomon's death, his son Rehoboam takes the throne, but refuses to lighten the heavy workloads imposed on the people, following the arrogant advice of young counselors instead of the experienced elders. This sparks the rebellion of the ten northern tribes, who break away to form the kingdom of Israel.

Explanation

This is the decisive moment of the division of the united kingdom of Israel into two rival kingdoms: Judah in the south (led by Rehoboam) and Israel in the north (led by Jeroboam). The immediate cause is Rehoboam's political arrogance, choosing to intimidate rather than negotiate, but the text makes clear that this division had already been anticipated by God as a consequence of Solomon's idolatry in his later years, mentioned in 1 Kings 11. The northern people's striking declaration — 'what portion have we in David?' — marks a rupture that would never be fully healed in Israel's history, giving rise to centuries of rivalry, occasional wars, and, eventually, separate fates before foreign empires.

Fun facts

  • The division of the kingdom took place around 930 BC and resulted in two kingdoms that would never fully reunite: Israel (north, with ten tribes) fell to Assyria in 722 BC, and Judah (south, with Judah and Benjamin) fell to Babylon in 586 BC.
  • The chronicler, writing centuries later solely for the people of Judah, devotes the rest of his book almost exclusively to the history of the southern kingdom, mentioning the northern kingdom only when it directly interacts with Judah.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Crônicas 10:1Rehoboam travels to Shechem because it is there, not in Jerusalem, that all Israel gathers to crown him king — a detail that already shows the tension between the northern kingdom and the southern capital.
  2. 2 Crônicas 10:2Jeroboam, who had fled to Egypt to escape Solomon, returns as soon as he hears the news of the gathering at Shechem — he was already seen as an alternative leader.
  3. 2 Crônicas 10:3The people call Jeroboam back specifically to represent their demands before the new king Rehoboam.
  4. 2 Crônicas 10:4The people’s request is direct: Solomon had placed a heavy yoke on them, and they ask that Rehoboam lighten that burden in exchange for their loyalty.
  5. 2 Crônicas 10:5Rehoboam asks for three days to think it over before giving an answer, and the people agree to wait that long.
  6. 2 Crônicas 10:6Rehoboam first consults the elders who had served alongside Solomon, asking how he should answer the people’s request.
  7. 2 Crônicas 10:7The elders advise a simple path: if Rehoboam treats the people kindly and speaks good words to them, they will stay loyal forever.
  8. 2 Crônicas 10:8Rehoboam ignores the elders’ advice and turns instead to the young men who grew up with him at court.
  9. 2 Crônicas 10:9Rehoboam repeats the same question to these young advisers: how to answer the people’s request to lighten the heavy yoke Solomon had imposed.
  10. 2 Crônicas 10:10The young men advise the opposite of the elders: answer with arrogance, saying that Rehoboam’s little finger is thicker than his own father’s waist.
  11. 2 Crônicas 10:11The young men’s suggestion is even harsher: if Solomon punished with whips, Rehoboam should punish with scorpions — a symbol of even more severe punishment.
  12. 2 Crônicas 10:12On the agreed third day, Jeroboam and all the people return to Rehoboam exactly as the king had asked.
  13. 2 Crônicas 10:13Rehoboam answers harshly, because he decides to follow the young men’s advice instead of the experienced elders’ advice.
  14. 2 Crônicas 10:14Rejecting the elders’ advice, Rehoboam repeats almost word for word the young advisers’ threat: if his father was already harsh, he will be even harsher. It is this arrogant answer, decided at a crucial moment right at the start of his reign, that sets off the split of the kingdom in two.
  15. 2 Crônicas 10:15The text explains this disastrous decision in an unexpected way: “the cause was of God,” fitting even Rehoboam’s mistake into a larger plan, tied to a promise already made to Jeroboam earlier, told in detail in the book of Kings.
  16. 2 Crônicas 10:16Seeing that the king will not meet their demands, the people of the north publicly declare they want nothing more to do with the house of David and go back home — the cry that marks the kingdom’s rupture.
  17. 2 Crônicas 10:17Despite the general revolt, Rehoboam goes on reigning over the Israelites living in the cities of Judah, in the south — the core of the kingdom left to him.
  18. 2 Crônicas 10:18Rehoboam sends the man in charge of forced labor to negotiate with the people, but he is stoned to death — the king himself has to flee in haste by chariot to Jerusalem.
  19. 2 Crônicas 10:19The chapter closes by recording that this rebellion of Israel against the house of David still stood firm up to the time the book was written.

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