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2 Crônicas 35

BLIVRE · Chapter 35/36

1E Josias fez páscoa ao SENHOR em Jerusalém, e sacrificaram a páscoa aos catorze do mês primeiro.

2E pôs aos sacerdotes em seus empregos, e confirmou-os no ministério da casa do SENHOR.

3E disse aos levitas que ensinavam a todo Israel, e que estavam dedicados ao SENHOR: Ponde a arca do santuário na casa que edificou Salomão filho de Davi, rei de Israel, para que não a carregueis mais sobre os ombros. Agora servireis ao SENHOR vosso Deus, e a seu povo Israel.

4Preparai-vos segundo as famílias de vossos pais, por vossas ordens, conforme à prescrição de Davi rei de Israel, e de Salomão seu filho.

5Ficai no santuário segundo a distribuição das famílias de vossos irmãos os filhos do povo, e segundo a divisão da família dos levitas.

6Sacrificai logo a páscoa: e depois de santificar-vos, preparai a vossos irmãos, para que façam conforme à palavra do SENHOR dada por meio de Moisés.

7E o rei Josias deu ao povo ovelhas, cordeiros, e cabritos dos rebanhos, em número de trinta mil, e três mil bois, tudo para a páscoa, para todos os que estavam presentes: isto era do patrimônio do rei.

8Também seus oficiais doaram com generosidade ao povo, e aos sacerdotes e levitas. Hilquias, Zacarias e Jeiel, líderes da casa de Deus, deram aos sacerdotes para fazer a páscoa duas mil e seiscentos , e trezentos bois.

9Também Conanias, e Semaías e Natanael, seus irmãos, e Hasabias, Jeiel, e Jozabade, chefes dos levitas, deram aos levitas para os sacrifícios da páscoa cinco mil , e quinhentos bois.

10Prontificado assim o serviço, os sacerdotes se colocaram em seus postos, e também os levitas em suas ordens, conforme ao mandamento do rei.

11E sacrificaram a páscoa; e os sacerdotes espargiam o sangue tomado da mão dos levitas, e os levitas tiravam os couros.

12E tomaram do holocausto, para dar conforme as repartições pelas famílias dos do povo, a fim de que oferecessem ao SENHOR, segundo está escrito no livro de Moisés; e também tomaram dos bois.

13E assaram a páscoa ao fogo segundo o rito; mas o que havia sido santificado o cozinharam em panelas, em caldeiras, e caldeirões, e repartiram-no o prontamente a todo o povo.

14E depois prepararam para si e para os sacerdotes; porque os sacerdotes, filhos de Arão, estiveram ocupados até a noite no sacrifício dos holocaustos e das gorduras; portanto, os levitas prepararam para si, e para os sacerdotes filhos de Arão.

15Também os cantores filhos de Asafe estavam em seu posto, conforme ao mandamento de Davi, de Asafe e de Hemã, e de Jedutum vidente do rei; também os porteiros estavam a cada porta; e não era necessário que se afastassem de seu ministério, porque seus irmãos, os levitas, preparavam para eles.

16Assim foi aprontei todo o serviço do SENHOR naquele dia, para fazer a páscoa, e sacrificar os holocaustos sobre o altar do SENHOR, conforme ao mandamento do rei Josias.

17E os filhos de Israel que se acharam ali, fizeram a páscoa naquele tempo, e a solenidade dos pães sem levedura, por sete dias.

18Nunca tal páscoa foi feita em Israel desde os dias de Samuel o profeta; nem nenhum rei de Israel fez páscoa tal como a que fez o rei Josias, e os sacerdotes e levitas, e todo Judá e Israel, os que se acharam ali, juntamente com os moradores de Jerusalém.

19Esta páscoa foi celebrada no ano dezoito do rei Josias.

20Depois de todas estas coisas, logo de haver Josias preparado a casa, Neco rei do Egito subiu a fazer guerra em Carquêmis junto a Eufrates; e saiu Josias contra ele.

21E ele lhe enviou embaixadores, dizendo: Que temos eu e tu, rei de Judá? Eu não venho contra ti hoje, mas sim contra a casa que me faz guerra: e Deus disse que me apressasse. Deixa-te de intrometer-te com Deus, que é comigo, não te destrua.

22Mas Josias não voltou seu rosto dele, em vez disso disfarçou-se para dar-lhe batalha, e não atendeu às palavras de Neco, que eram da boca de Deus; e veio a dar-lhe a batalha no campo de Megido.

23E os arqueiros atiraram ao rei Josias flechas; e disse o rei a seus servos: Tirai-me daqui, porque estou ferido gravemente.

24Então seus servos o tiraram daquele carro, e puseram-lhe em outro segundo carro que tinha, e levaram-lhe a Jerusalém, e morreu; e sepultaram-lhe nos sepulcros de seus pais. E todo Judá e Jerusalém fez luto por Josias.

25E lamentou Jeremias por Josias, e todos os cantores e cantoras recitam suas lamentações sobre Josias até hoje; e as deram por norma para lamentar em Israel, as quais estão escritas nas Lamentações.

26Os demais dos feitos de Josias, e suas piedosas obras, conforme o que está escrito na lei do SENHOR,

27E seus feitos, primeiros e últimos, eis que estão escritos no livro dos reis de Israel e de Judá.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Josiah organizes the greatest Passover celebration held since the days of the prophet Samuel, with massive participation from the whole people. Later, he decides to intervene in a war between Egypt and Babylon, against the divine warning delivered through the Egyptian king himself, and dies wounded in battle.

Explanation

The Passover celebration organized by Josiah is described in striking superlatives, stating that no comparable Passover had been celebrated since the days of the prophet Samuel, centuries earlier — a testimony to the depth and breadth of his religious reforms. It is ironic and tragic, however, that this same faithful and careful king ends his life making a fatal error of judgment: for reasons not fully explained, he decides to intervene militarily in a war between foreign powers, ignoring even a warning that, according to the text itself, came from God through the mouth of the Egyptian king Necho, a pagan foreigner. His untimely death in battle, deeply mourned by the whole people and by the prophet Jeremiah himself, marks the end of an era of reform and the beginning of the final, irreversible decline that would lead to the Babylonian exile just a few decades later.

Fun facts

  • The laments composed by the prophet Jeremiah specifically for Josiah's death became, according to the text, a tradition sung 'to this day' among singers, though these specific compositions are not preserved in the biblical book of Lamentations we know today.
  • Josiah's death at Megiddo, while trying to block the Egyptian advance, took place at the same geographic site often associated, in later apocalyptic language, with the term 'Armageddon' (meaning 'mount of Megiddo'), mentioned in the book of Revelation.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Crônicas 35:1Josiah celebrates the Passover to the Lord in Jerusalem, sacrificing the lamb on the fourteenth day of the first month — this time on the correct date, unlike Hezekiah’s delayed Passover.
  2. 2 Crônicas 35:2Josiah organizes the priests into their divisions of service and encourages them in the work of the temple.
  3. 2 Crônicas 35:3He instructs the Levites, who were responsible for teaching all Israel, to place the ark permanently in Solomon’s temple, freeing them from the old task of carrying it on their shoulders so they can devote themselves to serving the people.
  4. 2 Crônicas 35:4Josiah asks them to organize themselves by families and divisions, following the pattern David and Solomon had already established before.
  5. 2 Crônicas 35:5Each group of Levites was to take its position in the sanctuary according to the division of the families of the people, making sure every family had its representation.
  6. 2 Crônicas 35:6Josiah instructs them to sacrifice the Passover lamb, consecrate themselves, and prepare everything for their brothers, following exactly the word given through Moses.
  7. 2 Crônicas 35:7Josiah donates thirty thousand lambs and young goats, plus three thousand bulls, taken from his own royal property, for the Passover sacrifices of all the people present.
  8. 2 Crônicas 35:8The officials also contribute freewill offerings: Hilkiah, Zechariah, and Jehiel donate thousands of animals to the priests for the Passover sacrifices.
  9. 2 Crônicas 35:9Other Levite leaders donate even more animals — five thousand head of small livestock and five hundred bulls — specifically for the Levites themselves to carry out the sacrifices.
  10. 2 Crônicas 35:10With everything organized, the priests and Levites take their places by divisions and groups, exactly as the king had ordered.
  11. 2 Crônicas 35:11The Passover lambs are slaughtered; the priests sprinkle the blood handed to them by the Levites, while the Levites take care of skinning the animals.
  12. 2 Crônicas 35:12The burnt offerings are set aside and distributed to the people by family, so that each group could offer them to the Lord as written in the law of Moses — and the same is done with the bulls.
  13. 2 Crônicas 35:13The Passover lamb is roasted over the fire according to the traditional ritual, and the other sacred offerings are boiled in pots and kettles, and quickly distributed among all the people.
  14. 2 Crônicas 35:14Only after serving the people do the Levites prepare their own portion and that of the priests, who stayed busy until night with the burnt offerings and the fat of the sacrifices.
  15. 2 Crônicas 35:15The singers of Asaph’s family stay at their posts according to the tradition David had established, and the gatekeepers also don’t need to leave their places, because the other Levites take care of everything for them.
  16. 2 Crônicas 35:16So the whole service of the Lord is arranged that day, carrying out the Passover and the burnt offerings exactly as King Josiah had ordered.
  17. 2 Crônicas 35:17The Israelites present celebrate both the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread for seven full days.
  18. 2 Crônicas 35:18The text states that a Passover of that scale and organization had not happened since the days of the prophet Samuel — a way of marking this moment as the high point of Josiah’s religious reforms, even greater than the Passover Hezekiah had celebrated before.
  19. 2 Crônicas 35:19This historic Passover happens in the eighteenth year of Josiah’s reign — the very same year the book of the law had been found in the temple.
  20. 2 Crônicas 35:20After all this religious reform, Necho, king of Egypt, goes up to fight at Carchemish, near the Euphrates, and Josiah decides to go out to meet him in battle.
  21. 2 Crônicas 35:21Necho sends messengers to say that he has not come to fight against Judah, but against another kingdom, and that the order to hurry actually came from God — asking Josiah not to oppose this mission.
  22. 2 Crônicas 35:22Josiah dies in a battle against Egypt that wasn’t even his fight: the Egyptian king Necho warns that he has not come against Judah and that the message comes from God, but Josiah pays no attention and goes into battle anyway. The irony is harsh — a king remembered for decades of faithfulness dies ignoring a warning, even one coming from the mouth of a foreign, pagan king.
  23. 2 Crônicas 35:23In the battle, archers strike Josiah, who asks his own servants to carry him away because he is badly wounded.
  24. 2 Crônicas 35:24The servants carry Josiah out of the battle chariot, take him back to Jerusalem, where he dies; he is buried with his ancestors, and all Judah and Jerusalem mourn his death.
  25. 2 Crônicas 35:25Jeremiah composes a lament for Josiah that, according to the text, was still being sung long afterward — but it is not the biblical book of Lamentations, which deals with the destruction of Jerusalem, but a different, now-lost composition, specific to this king.
  26. 2 Crônicas 35:26The rest of Josiah’s deeds, including his acts of kindness according to the law of the Lord, are also recorded.
  27. 2 Crônicas 35:27Both the first and the last events of Josiah’s reign are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah.

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