2 Crônicas 36

BLIVRE · Chapter 36/36

1Então o povo da terra tomou a Jeoacaz filho de Josias, e fizeram-lhe rei em lugar de seu pai em Jerusalém.

2De vinte e três anos era Jeoacaz quando começou a reinar, e três meses reinou em Jerusalém.

3E o rei do Egito o tirou de Jerusalém, e condenou a terra em cem talentos de prata e um de ouro.

4E o rei do Egito constituiu o seu irmão Eliaquim como rei sobre Judá e Jerusalém, e mudou-lhe o nome em Jeoaquim; e Neco tomou o seu irmão Jeoacaz, e o levou ao Egito.

5Quando começou a reinar Jeoaquim era de vinte e cinco anos, e reinou onze anos em Jerusalém: e fez o que era mau aos olhos do SENHOR seu Deus.

6E subiu contra ele Nabucodonosor rei da Babilônia, e acorrentado com correntes o levou à Babilônia.

7Também levou Nabucodonosor à Babilônia dos utensílios da casa do SENHOR, e os pôs no seu templo em Babilônia.

8Os demais dos feitos de Jeoaquim, e as abominações que fez, e o que nele se achou, eis que estão escritos no livro dos reis de Israel e de Judá: e reinou em seu lugar Joaquim seu filho.

9De oito anos era Joaquim quando começou a reinar, e reinou três meses e dez dias em Jerusalém: e fez o que era mau aos olhos do SENHOR.

10Na primavera do ano, o rei Nabucodonosor mandou que o trouxessem à Babilônia, juntamente com os utensílos preciosos da casa do SENHOR; e constituiu o seu irmão Zedequias como rei sobre Judá e Jerusalém.

11De vinte e um anos era Zedequias quando começou a reinar, e onze anos reinou em Jerusalém.

12E fez o que era mau aos olhos do SENHOR seu Deus, e não se humilhou diante do profeta Jeremias, que lhe falava da parte do SENHOR.

13Rebelou-se também contra Nabucodonosor, ao qual havia jurado por Deus; e endureceu sua cerviz, e obstinou seu coração, para não voltar-se ao SENHOR o Deus de Israel.

14E também todos os príncipes dos sacerdotes, e o povo, aumentaram a transgressão, seguindo todas as abominações das nações, e contaminando a casa do SENHOR, a qual ele havia santificado em Jerusalém.

15E o SENHOR o Deus de seus pais enviou a eles por meio de seus mensageiros, enviando insistentemente: porque ele tinha misericórdia de seu povo, e de sua habitação.

16Mas eles faziam escárnio dos mensageiros de Deus, e menosprezavam suas palavras, ridicularizando-se de seus profetas, até que subiu o furor do SENHOR contra seu povo, de maneira que não havia remédio.

17Pelo qual trouxe contra eles ao rei dos caldeus, que matou à espada seus rapazes na casa de seu santuário, sem perdoar jovem, nem virgem, nem velho, nem decrépito; todos os entregou em suas mãos.

18Também todos os vasos da casa de Deus, grandes e pequenos, os tesouros da casa do SENHOR, e os tesouros do rei e de seus príncipes, tudo o levou à Babilônia.

19E queimaram a casa de Deus, e romperam o muro de Jerusalém, e consumiram ao fogo todos seus palácios, e destruíram todos os seus objetos valiosos.

20Os que restaram da espada foram passados à Babilônia; e foram servos dele e de seus filhos, até que veio o reino dos persas;

21Para que se cumprisse a palavra do SENHOR pela boca de Jeremias, até que a terra houvesse aproveitado os seus descansos sabáticos; pois durante todo o tempo de sua ruina ela descansou, até que os setenta anos fossem cumpridos.

22Mas ao primeiro ano de Ciro rei dos persas, para que se cumprisse a palavra do SENHOR por boca de Jeremias, o SENHOR induziu o espírito de Ciro rei dos persas, o qual fez apregoar por todo seu reino, e também por escrito, dizendo:

23Assim diz Ciro rei dos persas: o SENHOR, o Deus dos céus, me deu todos os reinos da terra; e ele me encarregou que lhe edifique casa em Jerusalém, que é em Judá. Quem houver de vós de todo seu povo, o SENHOR seu Deus seja com o tal, e suba.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The book ends by quickly narrating Judah's final decline through four last weak and idolatrous kings, culminating in the complete destruction of Jerusalem and the temple by the Babylonians, and the exile of the people. The book concludes, however, on a note of hope: Cyrus's decree allowing the return and rebuilding.

Explanation

This final chapter summarizes, at an accelerated pace, decades of decline through four successive kings (Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah), all described as doing 'that which was evil in the sight of the LORD,' until God's patience, according to the text, runs out: 'the wrath of the LORD arose against his people, till there was no remedy.' The destruction of the temple and the city, together with the exile to Babylon, represents the lowest point in the entire history narrated in Chronicles, an accumulated consequence of centuries of repeated unfaithfulness despite countless prophetic warnings. Remarkably, though, the book does not end in despair: the final verses, repeating almost word for word the opening of the book of Ezra, announce Cyrus's decree allowing the return from exile — a deliberate editorial choice by the chronicler to remind his original audience, already living after the exile, that God's story with his people did not end in destruction, but continued pointing toward restoration and hope.

Fun facts

  • The book's final sentence, ending abruptly in the middle of a statement about Cyrus's permission for the people to go up to Jerusalem, is intentionally identical to the opening verses of the book of Ezra, suggesting that Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah were designed as a direct continuation of a single grand historical narrative.
  • The mention that the land 'enjoyed' its sabbaths during the 70 years of exile is a direct reference to the sabbatical year law established in Leviticus 25, suggesting that the very time of exile served, symbolically, to let the land recover the periods of rest the people had neglected to observe over centuries of disobedience.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Crônicas 36:1After Josiah’s death in battle, the people of the land choose Jehoahaz, his son, to reign in Jerusalem.
  2. 2 Crônicas 36:2Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign, but his reign lasts only three months.
  3. 2 Crônicas 36:3The king of Egypt removes him from power and imposes on Judah a heavy tribute of a hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.
  4. 2 Crônicas 36:4Within a few years, four different kings rise and fall in Judah, moved by foreign powers: Egypt swaps one for another, then Babylon takes control and does the same. It’s the picture of a kingdom that has lost even the ability to choose its own rulers.
  5. 2 Crônicas 36:5Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he ruled eleven years in Jerusalem; the Chronicler already states: he did what was evil in the eyes of the Lord.
  6. 2 Crônicas 36:6Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, attacks Jehoiakim and binds him with chains to take him to Babylon.
  7. 2 Crônicas 36:7Nebuchadnezzar also takes part of the temple articles to Babylon, placing them in his own pagan temple.
  8. 2 Crônicas 36:8The rest of Jehoiakim’s story, including his detestable practices, is recorded in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah; his son takes the throne next.
  9. 2 Crônicas 36:9The new king was only eight years old when he began to reign, and he ruled only three months and ten days in Jerusalem, also doing what was evil in the eyes of the Lord.
  10. 2 Crônicas 36:10In less than a year, Nebuchadnezzar has him brought to Babylon, along with the most valuable articles from the temple, and sets up Zedekiah, his brother, as the new king of Judah.
  11. 2 Crônicas 36:11Zedekiah was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he ruled eleven years in Jerusalem — the last king of Judah before the final fall.
  12. 2 Crônicas 36:12Zedekiah also does what was evil in the eyes of the Lord, and does not even humble himself before the prophet Jeremiah, who spoke direct messages from God.
  13. 2 Crônicas 36:13Zedekiah even rebels against Nebuchadnezzar, despite having sworn loyalty to him in God’s name, and becomes more and more stubborn, refusing to turn back to the Lord.
  14. 2 Crônicas 36:14Priests and people increasingly multiply their own transgressions, imitating the detestable practices of the surrounding nations and defiling the temple God had sanctified in Jerusalem.
  15. 2 Crônicas 36:15The text sums up why the exile finally happened: it wasn’t a sudden punishment — God sent messengers of warning again and again, ‘rising up betimes,’ for generations, before His patience finally ran out.
  16. 2 Crônicas 36:16The people mock God’s messengers, despise their words, and ridicule the prophets, until the Lord’s wrath reaches a point with no remedy left.
  17. 2 Crônicas 36:17God brings against them the king of the Chaldeans, who kills the young men with the sword inside the temple itself, without mercy on young man or young woman, old man or elder — no one is spared.
  18. 2 Crônicas 36:18Nebuchadnezzar carries off to Babylon all the articles of the temple, great and small, along with the treasures of the temple, the king, and the officials.
  19. 2 Crônicas 36:19The Babylonians set the temple on fire, tear down the wall of Jerusalem, burn the palaces, and destroy every precious object that remained.
  20. 2 Crônicas 36:20Whoever survives the sword is carried captive to Babylon, becoming a servant to the king and his descendants until the rise of the Persian empire.
  21. 2 Crônicas 36:21This exile fulfills the word of the Lord announced through Jeremiah: the land would finally enjoy its sabbaths during the seventy years of desolation.
  22. 2 Crônicas 36:22In the first year of the reign of Cyrus, king of Persia, to fulfill this same prophecy of Jeremiah, God stirs up the spirit of Cyrus, who issues a decree throughout his whole kingdom.
  23. 2 Crônicas 36:23The book ends with the decree of the Persian king Cyrus releasing the people to return and rebuild the temple in Jerusalem — the very return from exile that gave rise to the first readers of Chronicles. It’s a deliberately hopeful ending, closing the book exactly at the point that explains why it was written.

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