2 Crônicas 36

ARC · Chapter 36/36

1Então o povo da terra tomou a Joachaz, filho de Josias, e o fizeram rei em logar de seu pae, em Jerusalem.

2Era Joachaz da edade de vinte e tres annos, quando começou a reinar: e tres mezes reinou em Jerusalem.

3Porque o rei do Egypto o depoz em Jerusalem: e condemnou a terra á contribuição de cem talentos de prata e um talento de oiro.

4E o rei do Egypto poz a Eliakim, seu irmão, rei sobre Judah e Jerusalem, e mudou-lhe o nome em Joaquim: mas a seu irmão Joachaz tomou Necho, e levou-o para o Egypto.

5Era Joaquim de vinte e cinco annos d'edade, quando começou a reinar: e onze annos reinou em Jerusalem: e fez o que era mau aos olhos do Senhor seu Deus.

6Subiu pois contra elle Nabucodonosor, rei de Babylonia, e o amarrou com cadeias, para o levar a Babylonia.

7Tambem alguns dos vasos da casa do Senhor levou Nabucodonosor, a Babylonia, e pôl-os no seu templo em Babylonia.

8Quanto ao mais dos successos de Joaquim, e as suas abominações que fez, e o mais que se achou n'elle, eis que está escripto no livro dos reis d'Israel e de Judah: e Joaquim, seu filho, reinou em seu logar.

9Era Joaquim da edade d'oito annos, quando começou a reinar: e tres mezes e dez dias reinou em Jerusalem: e fez o que era mau aos olhos do Senhor.

10E no decurso d'um anno enviou o rei Nabucodonosor, e mandou trazel-o a Babylonia, com os mais preciosos vasos da casa do Senhor; e poz a Zedekias, seu irmão, rei sobre Judah e Jerusalem.

11Era Zedekias da edade de vinte e cinco annos, quando começou a reinar: e onze annos reinou em Jerusalem.

12E fez o que era mau aos olhos do Senhor seu Deus; nem se humilhou perante o propheta Jeremias, que fallava da parte do Senhor.

13De mais d'isto, tambem se rebellou contra o rei Nabucodonosor, que o tinha ajuramentado por Deus; mas endureceu a sua cerviz, e tanto se obstinou no seu coração, que se não converteu ao Senhor, Deus d'Israel.

14Tambem todos os chefes dos sacerdotes e o povo augmentavam de mais em mais as transgressões, segundo todas as abominações dos gentios: e contaminaram a casa do Senhor, que elle tinha sanctificado em Jerusalem.

15E o Senhor, Deus de seus paes, lhes enviou a sua palavra pelos seus mensageiros, madrugando, e enviando-lh'os; porque se compadeceu do seu povo e da sua habitação.

16Porém zombaram dos mensageiros de Deus, e desprezaram as suas palavras, e mofaram dos seus prophetas; até o furor do Senhor tanto subiu contra o seu povo, que mais nenhum remedio houve.

17Porque fez subir contra elles o rei dos chaldeos, o qual matou os seus mancebos á espada, na casa do seu sanctuario; e não teve piedade nem dos mancebos, nem das donzellas, nem dos velhos, nem dos decrepitos: a todos os deu na sua mão.

18E todos os vasos da casa de Deus, grandes e pequenos, e os thesouros da casa do Senhor, e os thesouros do rei e dos seus principes, tudo levou para Babylonia.

19E queimaram a casa do Senhor, e derrubaram o muro de Jerusalem: e todos os seus palacios queimaram a fogo, destruindo tambem todos os seus preciosos vasos.

20E os que escaparam da espada levou para Babylonia: e fizeram-se servos, d'elle e de seus filhos, até ao reinado do reino da Persia.

21Para que se cumprisse a palavra do Senhor, pela bocca de Jeremias, até que a terra se agradasse dos seus sabbados: todos os dias da assolação repousou, até que os setenta annos se cumpriram.

22Porém, no primeiro anno de Cyro, rei da Persia (para que se cumprisse a palavra do Senhor pela bocca de Jeremias), despertou o Senhor o espirito de Cyro, rei da Persia, o qual fez passar pregão por todo o seu reino, como tambem por escripto, dizendo:

23Assim diz Cyro, rei da Persia: O Senhor, Deus dos céus, me deu todos os reinos da terra, e me encarregou de lhe edificar uma casa em Jerusalem, que está em Judah; quem de vós ha entre todo o seu povo, o Senhor seu Deus seja com elle, e suba.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The book ends by quickly narrating Judah's final decline through four last weak and idolatrous kings, culminating in the complete destruction of Jerusalem and the temple by the Babylonians, and the exile of the people. The book concludes, however, on a note of hope: Cyrus's decree allowing the return and rebuilding.

Explanation

This final chapter summarizes, at an accelerated pace, decades of decline through four successive kings (Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah), all described as doing 'that which was evil in the sight of the LORD,' until God's patience, according to the text, runs out: 'the wrath of the LORD arose against his people, till there was no remedy.' The destruction of the temple and the city, together with the exile to Babylon, represents the lowest point in the entire history narrated in Chronicles, an accumulated consequence of centuries of repeated unfaithfulness despite countless prophetic warnings. Remarkably, though, the book does not end in despair: the final verses, repeating almost word for word the opening of the book of Ezra, announce Cyrus's decree allowing the return from exile — a deliberate editorial choice by the chronicler to remind his original audience, already living after the exile, that God's story with his people did not end in destruction, but continued pointing toward restoration and hope.

Fun facts

  • The book's final sentence, ending abruptly in the middle of a statement about Cyrus's permission for the people to go up to Jerusalem, is intentionally identical to the opening verses of the book of Ezra, suggesting that Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah were designed as a direct continuation of a single grand historical narrative.
  • The mention that the land 'enjoyed' its sabbaths during the 70 years of exile is a direct reference to the sabbatical year law established in Leviticus 25, suggesting that the very time of exile served, symbolically, to let the land recover the periods of rest the people had neglected to observe over centuries of disobedience.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Crônicas 36:1After Josiah’s death in battle, the people of the land choose Jehoahaz, his son, to reign in Jerusalem.
  2. 2 Crônicas 36:2Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign, but his reign lasts only three months.
  3. 2 Crônicas 36:3The king of Egypt removes him from power and imposes on Judah a heavy tribute of a hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.
  4. 2 Crônicas 36:4Within a few years, four different kings rise and fall in Judah, moved by foreign powers: Egypt swaps one for another, then Babylon takes control and does the same. It’s the picture of a kingdom that has lost even the ability to choose its own rulers.
  5. 2 Crônicas 36:5Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he ruled eleven years in Jerusalem; the Chronicler already states: he did what was evil in the eyes of the Lord.
  6. 2 Crônicas 36:6Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, attacks Jehoiakim and binds him with chains to take him to Babylon.
  7. 2 Crônicas 36:7Nebuchadnezzar also takes part of the temple articles to Babylon, placing them in his own pagan temple.
  8. 2 Crônicas 36:8The rest of Jehoiakim’s story, including his detestable practices, is recorded in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah; his son takes the throne next.
  9. 2 Crônicas 36:9The new king was only eight years old when he began to reign, and he ruled only three months and ten days in Jerusalem, also doing what was evil in the eyes of the Lord.
  10. 2 Crônicas 36:10In less than a year, Nebuchadnezzar has him brought to Babylon, along with the most valuable articles from the temple, and sets up Zedekiah, his brother, as the new king of Judah.
  11. 2 Crônicas 36:11Zedekiah was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he ruled eleven years in Jerusalem — the last king of Judah before the final fall.
  12. 2 Crônicas 36:12Zedekiah also does what was evil in the eyes of the Lord, and does not even humble himself before the prophet Jeremiah, who spoke direct messages from God.
  13. 2 Crônicas 36:13Zedekiah even rebels against Nebuchadnezzar, despite having sworn loyalty to him in God’s name, and becomes more and more stubborn, refusing to turn back to the Lord.
  14. 2 Crônicas 36:14Priests and people increasingly multiply their own transgressions, imitating the detestable practices of the surrounding nations and defiling the temple God had sanctified in Jerusalem.
  15. 2 Crônicas 36:15The text sums up why the exile finally happened: it wasn’t a sudden punishment — God sent messengers of warning again and again, ‘rising up betimes,’ for generations, before His patience finally ran out.
  16. 2 Crônicas 36:16The people mock God’s messengers, despise their words, and ridicule the prophets, until the Lord’s wrath reaches a point with no remedy left.
  17. 2 Crônicas 36:17God brings against them the king of the Chaldeans, who kills the young men with the sword inside the temple itself, without mercy on young man or young woman, old man or elder — no one is spared.
  18. 2 Crônicas 36:18Nebuchadnezzar carries off to Babylon all the articles of the temple, great and small, along with the treasures of the temple, the king, and the officials.
  19. 2 Crônicas 36:19The Babylonians set the temple on fire, tear down the wall of Jerusalem, burn the palaces, and destroy every precious object that remained.
  20. 2 Crônicas 36:20Whoever survives the sword is carried captive to Babylon, becoming a servant to the king and his descendants until the rise of the Persian empire.
  21. 2 Crônicas 36:21This exile fulfills the word of the Lord announced through Jeremiah: the land would finally enjoy its sabbaths during the seventy years of desolation.
  22. 2 Crônicas 36:22In the first year of the reign of Cyrus, king of Persia, to fulfill this same prophecy of Jeremiah, God stirs up the spirit of Cyrus, who issues a decree throughout his whole kingdom.
  23. 2 Crônicas 36:23The book ends with the decree of the Persian king Cyrus releasing the people to return and rebuild the temple in Jerusalem — the very return from exile that gave rise to the first readers of Chronicles. It’s a deliberately hopeful ending, closing the book exactly at the point that explains why it was written.

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