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2 Crônicas 35

ARC · Chapter 35/36

1Então Josias celebrou a paschoa ao Senhor em Jerusalem: e mataram o cordeiro da paschoa no decimo quarto dia do mez primeiro.

2E estabeleceu os sacerdotes nas suas guardas, e os animou ao ministerio da casa do Senhor.

3E disse aos levitas que ensinavam a todo o Israel e estavam consagrados ao Senhor: Ponde a arca sagrada na casa que edificou Salomão, filho de David, rei d'Israel; não tereis mais este cargo aos hombros: agora servi ao Senhor vosso Deus, e ao seu povo Israel.

4E preparae-vos segundo as casas de vossos paes, segundo as vossas turmas, conforme á prescripção de David rei d'Israel, e conforme á prescripção de Salomão, seu filho.

5E estae no sanctuario segundo as divisões das casas paternas de vossos irmãos, os filhos do povo; e haja para cada um uma porção das casas paternas dos levitas.

6E sacrificae a paschoa: e sanctificae-vos, e preparae-a para vossos irmãos, fazendo conforme á palavra do Senhor, dada pela mão de Moysés.

7E apresentou Josias, aos filhos do povo, cordeiros e cabritos do rebanho, todos para os sacrificios da paschoa, por todo o que ali se achou, em numero de trinta mil, e de bois tres mil: isto era da fazenda do rei.

8Tambem apresentaram os seus principes offertas voluntarias ao povo, aos sacerdotes e aos levitas: Hilkias, e Zacharias, e Jehiel, maioral da casa de Deus, deram aos sacerdotes para os sacrificios da paschoa duas mil e seiscentas rezes de gado miudo, e trezentos bois.

9E Conanias, e Semaias, e Nathanael, seus irmãos, como tambem Hasabias, e Jeiel, e Jozabad, maioraes dos levitas, apresentaram aos levitas, para os sacrificios da paschoa, cinco mil rezes de gado miudo, e quinhentos bois.

10Assim se preparou o serviço: e pozeram-se os sacerdotes nos seus postos, e os levitas nas suas turmas, conforme ao mandado do rei.

11Então sacrificaram a paschoa: e os sacerdotes espargiam o sangue recebido das suas mãos, e os levitas esfollavam as rezes.

12E pozeram de parte os holocaustos para os darem aos filhos do povo, segundo as divisões das casas paternas, para o offerecerem ao Senhor, como está escripto no livro de Moysés: e assim fizeram com os bois.

13E assaram a paschoa no fogo, segundo o rito: e as offertas sagradas cozeram em panellas, e em caldeiras e em sertãs; e promptamente as repartiram entre todo o povo.

14Depois prepararam para si e para os sacerdotes; porque os sacerdotes, filhos d'Aarão, se occuparam até á noite com o sacrificio dos holocaustos e da gordura; pelo que os levitas prepararam para si e para os sacerdotes, filhos d'Aarão.

15E os cantores, filhos d'Asaph, estavam no seu posto, segundo o mandado de David, e d'Asaph, e d'Heman, e de Jeduthun, vidente do rei, como tambem os porteiros a cada porta; não necessitaram de se desviarem do seu ministerio; porquanto seus irmãos, os levitas, preparavam para elles.

16Assim se estabeleceu todo o serviço do Senhor n'aquelle dia, para celebrar a paschoa, e sacrificar holocaustos sobre o altar do Senhor, segundo o mandado do rei Josias.

17E os filhos d'Israel que ali se acharam celebraram a paschoa n'aquelle tempo, e a festa dos pães asmos, sete dias.

18Nunca pois se celebrou tal paschoa em Israel, desde os dias do propheta Samuel: nem nenhuns reis d'Israel celebraram tal paschoa como a que celebrou Josias com os sacerdotes, e levitas, e todo o Judah e Israel, que ali se acharam, e os habitantes de Jerusalem.

19No anno decimo oitavo do reinado de Josias se celebrou esta paschoa.

20Depois de tudo isto, havendo Josias já preparado a casa, subiu Necho, rei do Egypto, para guerrear contra Carchemis, junto ao Euphrates: e Josias lhe saiu ao encontro.

21Então elle lhe mandou mensageiros, dizendo: Que tenho eu que fazer comtigo, rei de Judah? quanto a ti, contra ti não venho hoje, senão contra a casa que me faz guerra; e disse Deus que me apressasse: guarda-te de te oppores a Deus, que é comigo, para que não te destrua.

22Porém Josias não virou d'elle o seu rosto, antes se disfarçou, para pelejar com elle; e não deu ouvidos ás palavras de Necho, que sairam da bocca de Deus; antes veiu pelejar no valle de Megiddo.

23E os frecheiros atiraram ao rei Josias: então o rei disse a seus servos: Tirae-me d'aqui, porque estou gravemente ferido.

24E seus servos o tiraram do carro, e o levaram no carro segundo que tinha, e o trouxeram a Jerusalem; e morreu, e o sepultaram nos sepulchros de seus paes: e todo o Judah e Jerusalem tomaram luto por Josias.

25E Jeremias fez uma lamentação sobre Josias; e todos os cantores e cantoras fallaram de Josias nas suas lamentações, até ao dia d'hoje; porque as deram por estatuto em Israel; e eis que estão escriptas nas lamentações.

26Quanto ao mais dos successos de Josias, e as suas beneficencias, conforme está escripto na lei do Senhor,

27E os seus successos, tanto os primeiros como os ultimos, eis que estão escriptos no livro dos reis d'Israel e de Judah.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Josiah organizes the greatest Passover celebration held since the days of the prophet Samuel, with massive participation from the whole people. Later, he decides to intervene in a war between Egypt and Babylon, against the divine warning delivered through the Egyptian king himself, and dies wounded in battle.

Explanation

The Passover celebration organized by Josiah is described in striking superlatives, stating that no comparable Passover had been celebrated since the days of the prophet Samuel, centuries earlier — a testimony to the depth and breadth of his religious reforms. It is ironic and tragic, however, that this same faithful and careful king ends his life making a fatal error of judgment: for reasons not fully explained, he decides to intervene militarily in a war between foreign powers, ignoring even a warning that, according to the text itself, came from God through the mouth of the Egyptian king Necho, a pagan foreigner. His untimely death in battle, deeply mourned by the whole people and by the prophet Jeremiah himself, marks the end of an era of reform and the beginning of the final, irreversible decline that would lead to the Babylonian exile just a few decades later.

Fun facts

  • The laments composed by the prophet Jeremiah specifically for Josiah's death became, according to the text, a tradition sung 'to this day' among singers, though these specific compositions are not preserved in the biblical book of Lamentations we know today.
  • Josiah's death at Megiddo, while trying to block the Egyptian advance, took place at the same geographic site often associated, in later apocalyptic language, with the term 'Armageddon' (meaning 'mount of Megiddo'), mentioned in the book of Revelation.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Crônicas 35:1Josiah celebrates the Passover to the Lord in Jerusalem, sacrificing the lamb on the fourteenth day of the first month — this time on the correct date, unlike Hezekiah’s delayed Passover.
  2. 2 Crônicas 35:2Josiah organizes the priests into their divisions of service and encourages them in the work of the temple.
  3. 2 Crônicas 35:3He instructs the Levites, who were responsible for teaching all Israel, to place the ark permanently in Solomon’s temple, freeing them from the old task of carrying it on their shoulders so they can devote themselves to serving the people.
  4. 2 Crônicas 35:4Josiah asks them to organize themselves by families and divisions, following the pattern David and Solomon had already established before.
  5. 2 Crônicas 35:5Each group of Levites was to take its position in the sanctuary according to the division of the families of the people, making sure every family had its representation.
  6. 2 Crônicas 35:6Josiah instructs them to sacrifice the Passover lamb, consecrate themselves, and prepare everything for their brothers, following exactly the word given through Moses.
  7. 2 Crônicas 35:7Josiah donates thirty thousand lambs and young goats, plus three thousand bulls, taken from his own royal property, for the Passover sacrifices of all the people present.
  8. 2 Crônicas 35:8The officials also contribute freewill offerings: Hilkiah, Zechariah, and Jehiel donate thousands of animals to the priests for the Passover sacrifices.
  9. 2 Crônicas 35:9Other Levite leaders donate even more animals — five thousand head of small livestock and five hundred bulls — specifically for the Levites themselves to carry out the sacrifices.
  10. 2 Crônicas 35:10With everything organized, the priests and Levites take their places by divisions and groups, exactly as the king had ordered.
  11. 2 Crônicas 35:11The Passover lambs are slaughtered; the priests sprinkle the blood handed to them by the Levites, while the Levites take care of skinning the animals.
  12. 2 Crônicas 35:12The burnt offerings are set aside and distributed to the people by family, so that each group could offer them to the Lord as written in the law of Moses — and the same is done with the bulls.
  13. 2 Crônicas 35:13The Passover lamb is roasted over the fire according to the traditional ritual, and the other sacred offerings are boiled in pots and kettles, and quickly distributed among all the people.
  14. 2 Crônicas 35:14Only after serving the people do the Levites prepare their own portion and that of the priests, who stayed busy until night with the burnt offerings and the fat of the sacrifices.
  15. 2 Crônicas 35:15The singers of Asaph’s family stay at their posts according to the tradition David had established, and the gatekeepers also don’t need to leave their places, because the other Levites take care of everything for them.
  16. 2 Crônicas 35:16So the whole service of the Lord is arranged that day, carrying out the Passover and the burnt offerings exactly as King Josiah had ordered.
  17. 2 Crônicas 35:17The Israelites present celebrate both the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread for seven full days.
  18. 2 Crônicas 35:18The text states that a Passover of that scale and organization had not happened since the days of the prophet Samuel — a way of marking this moment as the high point of Josiah’s religious reforms, even greater than the Passover Hezekiah had celebrated before.
  19. 2 Crônicas 35:19This historic Passover happens in the eighteenth year of Josiah’s reign — the very same year the book of the law had been found in the temple.
  20. 2 Crônicas 35:20After all this religious reform, Necho, king of Egypt, goes up to fight at Carchemish, near the Euphrates, and Josiah decides to go out to meet him in battle.
  21. 2 Crônicas 35:21Necho sends messengers to say that he has not come to fight against Judah, but against another kingdom, and that the order to hurry actually came from God — asking Josiah not to oppose this mission.
  22. 2 Crônicas 35:22Josiah dies in a battle against Egypt that wasn’t even his fight: the Egyptian king Necho warns that he has not come against Judah and that the message comes from God, but Josiah pays no attention and goes into battle anyway. The irony is harsh — a king remembered for decades of faithfulness dies ignoring a warning, even one coming from the mouth of a foreign, pagan king.
  23. 2 Crônicas 35:23In the battle, archers strike Josiah, who asks his own servants to carry him away because he is badly wounded.
  24. 2 Crônicas 35:24The servants carry Josiah out of the battle chariot, take him back to Jerusalem, where he dies; he is buried with his ancestors, and all Judah and Jerusalem mourn his death.
  25. 2 Crônicas 35:25Jeremiah composes a lament for Josiah that, according to the text, was still being sung long afterward — but it is not the biblical book of Lamentations, which deals with the destruction of Jerusalem, but a different, now-lost composition, specific to this king.
  26. 2 Crônicas 35:26The rest of Josiah’s deeds, including his acts of kindness according to the law of the Lord, are also recorded.
  27. 2 Crônicas 35:27Both the first and the last events of Josiah’s reign are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah.

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