2 Chronicles 10

KJV · Chapter 10/36

1And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for to Shechem were all Israel come to make him king.

2And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who was in Egypt, whither he had fled from the presence of Solomon the king, heard it, that Jeroboam returned out of Egypt.

3And they sent and called him. So Jeroboam and all Israel came and spake to Rehoboam, saying,

4Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore ease thou somewhat the grievous servitude of thy father, and his heavy yoke that he put upon us, and we will serve thee.

5And he said unto them, Come again unto me after three days. And the people departed.

6And king Rehoboam took counsel with the old men that had stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying, What counsel give ye me to return answer to this people?

7And they spake unto him, saying, If thou be kind to this people, and please them, and speak good words to them, they will be thy servants for ever.

8But he forsook the counsel which the old men gave him, and took counsel with the young men that were brought up with him, that stood before him.

9And he said unto them, What advice give ye that we may return answer to this people, which have spoken to me, saying, Ease somewhat the yoke that thy father did put upon us?

10And the young men that were brought up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus shalt thou answer the people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it somewhat lighter for us; thus shalt thou say unto them, My little finger shall be thicker than my father’s loins.

11For whereas my father put a heavy yoke upon you, I will put more to your yoke: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.

12So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam on the third day, as the king bade, saying, Come again to me on the third day.

13And the king answered them roughly; and king Rehoboam forsook the counsel of the old men,

14And answered them after the advice of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add thereto: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.

15So the king hearkened not unto the people: for the cause was of God, that the Lord might perform his word, which he spake by the hand of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat.

16And when all Israel saw that the king would not hearken unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? and we have none inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to your tents, O Israel: and now, David, see to thine own house. So all Israel went to their tents.

17But as for the children of Israel that dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them.

18Then king Rehoboam sent Hadoram that was over the tribute; and the children of Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. But king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.

19And Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

After Solomon's death, his son Rehoboam takes the throne, but refuses to lighten the heavy workloads imposed on the people, following the arrogant advice of young counselors instead of the experienced elders. This sparks the rebellion of the ten northern tribes, who break away to form the kingdom of Israel.

Explanation

This is the decisive moment of the division of the united kingdom of Israel into two rival kingdoms: Judah in the south (led by Rehoboam) and Israel in the north (led by Jeroboam). The immediate cause is Rehoboam's political arrogance, choosing to intimidate rather than negotiate, but the text makes clear that this division had already been anticipated by God as a consequence of Solomon's idolatry in his later years, mentioned in 1 Kings 11. The northern people's striking declaration — 'what portion have we in David?' — marks a rupture that would never be fully healed in Israel's history, giving rise to centuries of rivalry, occasional wars, and, eventually, separate fates before foreign empires.

Fun facts

  • The division of the kingdom took place around 930 BC and resulted in two kingdoms that would never fully reunite: Israel (north, with ten tribes) fell to Assyria in 722 BC, and Judah (south, with Judah and Benjamin) fell to Babylon in 586 BC.
  • The chronicler, writing centuries later solely for the people of Judah, devotes the rest of his book almost exclusively to the history of the southern kingdom, mentioning the northern kingdom only when it directly interacts with Judah.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Chronicles 10:1Rehoboam travels to Shechem because it is there, not in Jerusalem, that all Israel gathers to crown him king — a detail that already shows the tension between the northern kingdom and the southern capital.
  2. 2 Chronicles 10:2Jeroboam, who had fled to Egypt to escape Solomon, returns as soon as he hears the news of the gathering at Shechem — he was already seen as an alternative leader.
  3. 2 Chronicles 10:3The people call Jeroboam back specifically to represent their demands before the new king Rehoboam.
  4. 2 Chronicles 10:4The people’s request is direct: Solomon had placed a heavy yoke on them, and they ask that Rehoboam lighten that burden in exchange for their loyalty.
  5. 2 Chronicles 10:5Rehoboam asks for three days to think it over before giving an answer, and the people agree to wait that long.
  6. 2 Chronicles 10:6Rehoboam first consults the elders who had served alongside Solomon, asking how he should answer the people’s request.
  7. 2 Chronicles 10:7The elders advise a simple path: if Rehoboam treats the people kindly and speaks good words to them, they will stay loyal forever.
  8. 2 Chronicles 10:8Rehoboam ignores the elders’ advice and turns instead to the young men who grew up with him at court.
  9. 2 Chronicles 10:9Rehoboam repeats the same question to these young advisers: how to answer the people’s request to lighten the heavy yoke Solomon had imposed.
  10. 2 Chronicles 10:10The young men advise the opposite of the elders: answer with arrogance, saying that Rehoboam’s little finger is thicker than his own father’s waist.
  11. 2 Chronicles 10:11The young men’s suggestion is even harsher: if Solomon punished with whips, Rehoboam should punish with scorpions — a symbol of even more severe punishment.
  12. 2 Chronicles 10:12On the agreed third day, Jeroboam and all the people return to Rehoboam exactly as the king had asked.
  13. 2 Chronicles 10:13Rehoboam answers harshly, because he decides to follow the young men’s advice instead of the experienced elders’ advice.
  14. 2 Chronicles 10:14Rejecting the elders’ advice, Rehoboam repeats almost word for word the young advisers’ threat: if his father was already harsh, he will be even harsher. It is this arrogant answer, decided at a crucial moment right at the start of his reign, that sets off the split of the kingdom in two.
  15. 2 Chronicles 10:15The text explains this disastrous decision in an unexpected way: “the cause was of God,” fitting even Rehoboam’s mistake into a larger plan, tied to a promise already made to Jeroboam earlier, told in detail in the book of Kings.
  16. 2 Chronicles 10:16Seeing that the king will not meet their demands, the people of the north publicly declare they want nothing more to do with the house of David and go back home — the cry that marks the kingdom’s rupture.
  17. 2 Chronicles 10:17Despite the general revolt, Rehoboam goes on reigning over the Israelites living in the cities of Judah, in the south — the core of the kingdom left to him.
  18. 2 Chronicles 10:18Rehoboam sends the man in charge of forced labor to negotiate with the people, but he is stoned to death — the king himself has to flee in haste by chariot to Jerusalem.
  19. 2 Chronicles 10:19The chapter closes by recording that this rebellion of Israel against the house of David still stood firm up to the time the book was written.

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