2 Chronicles 20

KJV · Chapter 20/36

1It came to pass after this also, that the children of Moab, and the children of Ammon, and with them other beside the Ammonites, came against Jehoshaphat to battle.

2Then there came some that told Jehoshaphat, saying, There cometh a great multitude against thee from beyond the sea on this side Syria; and, behold, they be in Hazazon–tamar, which is En–gedi.

3And Jehoshaphat feared, and set himself to seek the Lord, and proclaimed a fast throughout all Judah.

4And Judah gathered themselves together, to ask help of the Lord: even out of all the cities of Judah they came to seek the Lord.

5And Jehoshaphat stood in the congregation of Judah and Jerusalem, in the house of the Lord, before the new court,

6And said, O Lord God of our fathers, art not thou God in heaven? and rulest not thou over all the kingdoms of the heathen? and in thine hand is there not power and might, so that none is able to withstand thee?

7Art not thou our God, who didst drive out the inhabitants of this land before thy people Israel, and gavest it to the seed of Abraham thy friend for ever?

8And they dwelt therein, and have built thee a sanctuary therein for thy name, saying,

9If, when evil cometh upon us, as the sword, judgment, or pestilence, or famine, we stand before this house, and in thy presence, (for thy name is in this house,) and cry unto thee in our affliction, then thou wilt hear and help.

10And now, behold, the children of Ammon and Moab and mount Seir, whom thou wouldest not let Israel invade, when they came out of the land of Egypt, but they turned from them, and destroyed them not;

11Behold, I say, how they reward us, to come to cast us out of thy possession, which thou hast given us to inherit.

12O our God, wilt thou not judge them? for we have no might against this great company that cometh against us; neither know we what to do: but our eyes are upon thee.

13And all Judah stood before the Lord, with their little ones, their wives, and their children.

14Then upon Jahaziel the son of Zechariah, the son of Benaiah, the son of Jeiel, the son of Mattaniah, a Levite of the sons of Asaph, came the Spirit of the Lord in the midst of the congregation;

15And he said, Hearken ye, all Judah, and ye inhabitants of Jerusalem, and thou king Jehoshaphat, Thus saith the Lord unto you, Be not afraid nor dismayed by reason of this great multitude; for the battle is not yours, but God’s.

16To morrow go ye down against them: behold, they come up by the cliff of Ziz; and ye shall find them at the end of the brook, before the wilderness of Jeruel.

17Ye shall not need to fight in this battle: set yourselves, stand ye still, and see the salvation of the Lord with you, O Judah and Jerusalem: fear not, nor be dismayed; to morrow go out against them: for the Lord will be with you.

18And Jehoshaphat bowed his head with his face to the ground: and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem fell before the Lord, worshipping the Lord.

19And the Levites, of the children of the Kohathites, and of the children of the Korhites, stood up to praise the Lord God of Israel with a loud voice on high.

20And they rose early in the morning, and went forth into the wilderness of Tekoa: and as they went forth, Jehoshaphat stood and said, Hear me, O Judah, and ye inhabitants of Jerusalem; Believe in the Lord your God, so shall ye be established; believe his prophets, so shall ye prosper.

21And when he had consulted with the people, he appointed singers unto the Lord, and that should praise the beauty of holiness, as they went out before the army, and to say, Praise the Lord; for his mercy endureth for ever.

22And when they began to sing and to praise, the Lord set ambushments against the children of Ammon, Moab, and mount Seir, which were come against Judah; and they were smitten.

23For the children of Ammon and Moab stood up against the inhabitants of mount Seir, utterly to slay and destroy them: and when they had made an end of the inhabitants of Seir, every one helped to destroy another.

24And when Judah came toward the watch tower in the wilderness, they looked unto the multitude, and, behold, they were dead bodies fallen to the earth, and none escaped.

25And when Jehoshaphat and his people came to take away the spoil of them, they found among them in abundance both riches with the dead bodies, and precious jewels, which they stripped off for themselves, more than they could carry away: and they were three days in gathering of the spoil, it was so much.

26And on the fourth day they assembled themselves in the valley of Berachah; for there they blessed the Lord: therefore the name of the same place was called, The valley of Berachah, unto this day.

27Then they returned, every man of Judah and Jerusalem, and Jehoshaphat in the forefront of them, to go again to Jerusalem with joy; for the Lord had made them to rejoice over their enemies.

28And they came to Jerusalem with psalteries and harps and trumpets unto the house of the Lord.

29And the fear of God was on all the kingdoms of those countries, when they had heard that the Lord fought against the enemies of Israel.

30So the realm of Jehoshaphat was quiet: for his God gave him rest round about.

31And Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah: he was thirty and five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty and five years in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi.

32And he walked in the way of Asa his father, and departed not from it, doing that which was right in the sight of the Lord.

33Howbeit the high places were not taken away: for as yet the people had not prepared their hearts unto the God of their fathers.

34Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of Jehu the son of Hanani, who is mentioned in the book of the kings of Israel.

35And after this did Jehoshaphat king of Judah join himself with Ahaziah king of Israel, who did very wickedly:

36And he joined himself with him to make ships to go to Tarshish: and they made the ships in Ezion–geber.

37Then Eliezer the son of Dodavah of Mareshah prophesied against Jehoshaphat, saying, Because thou hast joined thyself with Ahaziah, the Lord hath broken thy works. And the ships were broken, that they were not able to go to Tarshish.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

A massive army of Moabites, Ammonites, and other peoples advances against Judah. Jehoshaphat calls a national fast and prays publicly; in response, God promises victory without Judah even needing to fight. The next day, the enemies themselves turn against one another and destroy each other.

Explanation

This is one of the most extraordinary stories of divine intervention in the whole Bible: faced with an overwhelming threat, Jehoshaphat gathers all the people, including women and children, to pray and fast together, ending his prayer with an honest confession of helplessness: 'we know not what to do; but our eyes are upon thee.' God's response through the prophet Jahaziel — 'be not afraid nor dismayed by reason of this great multitude; for the battle is not yours, but God's' — has become one of the most quoted verses in moments of crisis throughout history. The surprising outcome, with the enemy armies themselves destroying one another out of confusion or mistrust, without Judah needing to strike a single blow, dramatically illustrates that victories can come in completely unexpected ways when trust is rightly placed in God.

Fun facts

  • Jehoshaphat has singers march at the very front of the army, praising God even before the battle begins — an extremely unusual military strategy that reflects a radical confidence that victory was already secured before any physical confrontation.
  • The place where the people gathered the abundant plunder left behind by the enemy armies was named the 'Valley of Berachah' (meaning 'blessing'), a name that remained as a lasting reminder of this extraordinary victory.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Chronicles 20:1The Moabites, Ammonites, and other peoples join together in a military alliance and advance to attack Jehoshaphat — the crisis that opens the most famous chapter of his reign.
  2. 2 Chronicles 20:2Messengers warn Jehoshaphat that a huge army is already very close, at En-gedi, coming from the region of the Dead Sea — the threat is immediate, not distant.
  3. 2 Chronicles 20:3Facing this fear, Jehoshaphat resolves to seek the Lord and proclaims a fast throughout all Judah.
  4. 2 Chronicles 20:4The people of Judah gather from every city, united in the same purpose of asking God for help.
  5. 2 Chronicles 20:5Jehoshaphat stands before the whole assembly gathered at the temple, in front of the new court, to lead the public prayer.
  6. 2 Chronicles 20:6Jehoshaphat opens the prayer by acknowledging that God rules over all the kingdoms of the nations and that no one has the power to resist Him.
  7. 2 Chronicles 20:7Jehoshaphat recalls that it was this same God who drove out the former inhabitants of the land and gave it forever to the descendants of Abraham, His friend.
  8. 2 Chronicles 20:8Jehoshaphat recalls that when the people settled in this land, they built a sanctuary right there, dedicated to God’s name.
  9. 2 Chronicles 20:9Jehoshaphat cites the promise made at that sanctuary: if any disaster should come — war, judgment, plague, or famine — the people would cry out before the temple, and God would hear and deliver.
  10. 2 Chronicles 20:10Jehoshaphat points out the irony of the situation: the very peoples — Ammon, Moab, and Mount Seir — whom Israel spared when leaving Egypt, not invading their land, are now the ones attacking them.
  11. 2 Chronicles 20:11Jehoshaphat describes the attack as an unjust “reward”: these peoples that were spared are now trying to drive Israel out of the very inheritance God gave them.
  12. 2 Chronicles 20:12In the middle of an invasion that seemed impossible to overcome, Jehoshaphat’s prayer ends with a line that sums up the moment: “neither know we what to do: but our eyes are upon thee.” It is a complete admission of helplessness that opens the door for the answer that comes right after.
  13. 2 Chronicles 20:13While Jehoshaphat prays, all the people of Judah stand before the Lord, including their little ones, their wives, and their children — a scene of collective pleading.
  14. 2 Chronicles 20:14In the midst of the assembly, the Spirit of the Lord comes upon Jahaziel, a Levite descended from Asaph, setting the stage for the prophetic answer that follows.
  15. 2 Chronicles 20:15Jahaziel announces the central message of the chapter: do not be afraid of this huge army, because the battle does not belong to Judah, but to God.
  16. 2 Chronicles 20:16The instruction is specific: go down the next day by the ascent of Ziz and find the enemy at the end of the valley, near the wilderness of Jeruel.
  17. 2 Chronicles 20:17Jahaziel makes clear that Judah will not even need to fight for real: they only need to stand firm and watch the salvation the Lord will accomplish for them.
  18. 2 Chronicles 20:18Hearing this promise, Jehoshaphat bows down with his face to the ground, and all the people of Judah and Jerusalem join him in worshiping the Lord.
  19. 2 Chronicles 20:19Levites from the families of the Kohathites and the Korahites stand up to praise God in a loud voice, spreading a spirit of worship even before the battle begins.
  20. 2 Chronicles 20:20The next morning, the army sets out toward the wilderness of Tekoa, and Jehoshaphat encourages the people: trusting in the Lord and in His prophets is the guarantee of safety and success.
  21. 2 Chronicles 20:21Jehoshaphat places singers at the very front of the army, praising before any fighting has even begun. It is a battle tactic with no direct precedent: the enemies end up destroying one another before Judah ever needs to fight for real.
  22. 2 Chronicles 20:22As soon as the people begin to sing and praise, the Lord sets ambushes against the invaders, and they are defeated without Judah having to fight at all.
  23. 2 Chronicles 20:23The enemy armies turn on one another: the Ammonites and Moabites attack the people of Mount Seir, and then destroy one another in turn.
  24. 2 Chronicles 20:24When Judah’s army reaches the watchtower in the wilderness, they find nothing but bodies scattered on the ground — no one on the enemy side survived.
  25. 2 Chronicles 20:25Jehoshaphat and his people spend three days gathering the plunder, which includes so many goods, precious objects, and garments that they can barely carry it all.
  26. 2 Chronicles 20:26On the fourth day, the people gather to praise God in a valley that comes to be called the Valley of Berachah (meaning “blessing”), a name that remains in use up to the time the book was written.
  27. 2 Chronicles 20:27Everyone returns to Jerusalem with Jehoshaphat at the head, celebrating the joy of having been delivered from their enemies by the Lord Himself.
  28. 2 Chronicles 20:28The entrance into Jerusalem is marked by harps, lyres, and trumpets, heading straight to the temple in celebration.
  29. 2 Chronicles 20:29The fear of God spreads through the neighboring kingdoms when they hear that it was the Lord Himself who fought against the enemies of Israel.
  30. 2 Chronicles 20:30Jehoshaphat’s kingdom is at peace, and God grants him rest on every side — a quiet resolution after the crisis.
  31. 2 Chronicles 20:31Jehoshaphat reigned twenty-five years in Jerusalem, beginning at thirty-five years of age; his mother’s name was Azubah, daughter of Shilhi.
  32. 2 Chronicles 20:32The Chronicler’s verdict is positive: Jehoshaphat walked in the way of his father Asa without turning aside from it, doing what was right in the eyes of the Lord.
  33. 2 Chronicles 20:33Even so, the high places — local shrines outside the temple — were not completely removed, because the people still had not fully set their hearts toward God.
  34. 2 Chronicles 20:34The rest of Jehoshaphat’s reign is recorded in the accounts of Jehu son of Hanani, included in the book of the kings of Israel.
  35. 2 Chronicles 20:35After all this, Jehoshaphat makes a misstep: he allies himself with Ahaziah, king of Israel, a man described as extremely wicked.
  36. 2 Chronicles 20:36Together, the two kings build ships intended to sail to Tarshish, assembling the fleet at the port of Ezion-geber.
  37. 2 Chronicles 20:37Jehoshaphat allies with Ahaziah, king of Israel, to build ships, and a prophet warns that this alliance will go wrong — the ships are indeed wrecked before they can sail. Even a king remembered as faithful makes this kind of misstep by choosing the wrong ally.

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