Romanos 11

ARC · Chapter 11/16

1Digo pois: Porventura rejeitou Deus o seu povo? De modo nenhum; porque tambem eu sou israelita, da descendencia d'Abrahão, da tribu de Benjamin.

2Deus não rejeitou o seu povo, o qual antes conheceu. Ou não sabeis o que a Escriptura diz de Elias? Como falla a Deus contra Israel, dizendo:

3Senhor, mataram os teus prophetas, e derribaram os teus altares; e só eu fiquei, e buscam a minha alma.

4Mas que lhe diz a resposta divina? Reservei para mim sete mil varões, que não dobraram os joelhos diante de Baal.

5Assim pois tambem agora n'este tempo ficou um resto, segundo a eleição da graça.

6E, se é por graça, já não é pelas obras: de outra maneira, a graça já não é graça. E, se é pelas obras, já não é graça: de outra maneira a obra já não é obra.

7Pois que? O que Israel buscava não o alcançou; mas os eleitos o alcançaram, e os outros foram endurecidos.

8Como está escripto: Deus lhes deu espirito de profundo somno; olhos para não vêrem, e ouvidos para não ouvirem, até ao dia d'hoje.

9E David diz: Torne-se-lhes a sua mesa em laço, e em armadilha, e em tropeço e em sua retribuição;

10Escureçam-se-lhes os olhos para não verem, e encurvem-se-lhes continuamente as costas.

11Digo pois: Porventura tropeçaram, para que caissem? De modo nenhum, mas pela sua queda veiu a salvação aos gentios, para os incitar á emulação.

12E, se a sua queda é a riqueza do mundo, e a sua diminuição a riqueza dos gentios, quanto mais a sua plenitude?

13Porque comvosco fallo, gentios, que, emquanto fôr apostolo dos gentios, glorificarei o meu ministerio;

14Para vêr se de alguma maneira posso incitar á emulação os da minha carne, e salvar alguns d'elles.

15Porque, se a sua rejeição é a reconciliação do mundo, qual será a sua admissão, senão a vida d'entre os mortos?

16E, se as primicias são sanctas, tambem a massa o é; se a raiz é sancta, tambem os ramos o são.

17E, se alguns dos ramos foram quebrados, e tu, sendo zambujeiro, foste enxertado em logar d'elles, e feito participante da raiz e da seiva da oliveira,

18Não te glories contra os ramos; e, se contra elles te gloriares, não és tu que sustentas a raiz, mas a raiz a ti

19Dirás pois: Os ramos foram quebrados, para que eu fosse enxertado.

20Bem: por incredulidade foram quebrados, e tu estás em pé pela fé: não te ensoberbeças, mas teme

21Porque, se Deus não poupou os ramos naturaes, teme que te não poupe a ti tambem.

22Considera pois a bondade e a severidade de Deus: para com os que cairam, severidade; porém para comtigo, a benignidade de Deus, se permaneceres na sua benignidade; de outra maneira, tambem tu serás cortado.

23Porém tambem elles, se não permanecerem na incredulidade, serão enxertados; porque poderoso é Deus para os tornar a enxertar.

24Porque, se tu foste cortado do natural zambujeiro, e, contra a natureza, enxertado na boa oliveira, quanto mais esses, que são naturaes, serão enxertados na sua propria oliveira?

25Porque não quero, irmãos, que ignoreis este segredo (para que não presumaes de vós mesmos): que o endurecimento veiu em parte sobre Israel, até que a plenitude dos gentios haja entrado.

26E assim todo o Israel será salvo, como está escripto: De Sião virá o Libertador, e desviará de Jacob as impiedades.

27E este será o meu concerto com elles, quando eu tirar os seus peccados.

28Assim que, quanto ao evangelho, são inimigos por causa de vós; mas, quanto á eleição, amados por causa dos paes

29Porque os dons e a vocação de Deus são sem arrependimento.

30Porque assim como vós tambem antigamente fostes desobedientes a Deus, porém agora alcançastes misericordia pela desobediencia d'elles,

31Assim tambem estes agora foram desobedientes, para tambem alcançarem misericordia pela vossa misericordia.

32Porque Deus encerrou a todos debaixo da desobediencia, para com todos usar de misericordia.

33Ó profundidade das riquezas, tanto da sabedoria, como da sciencia de Deus! Quão insondaveis são os seus juizos, e quão inexcrutaveis os seus caminhos!

34Porque quem comprehendeu o intento do Senhor? ou quem foi seu conselheiro?

35Ou quem lhe deu primeiro a elle, e lhe será recompensado?

36Porque d'elle e por elle, e para elle, são todas as coisas; gloria pois a elle eternamente. Amen.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Paul assures that God has not totally rejected Israel, citing himself as an example of a faithful remnant. He uses the image of an olive tree, into which Gentile branches were grafted, and states that one day all Israel will be saved.

Explanation

Paul concludes his reflection on Israel with hope: the present rejection is neither permanent nor total. The image of the olive tree (the tree of Israel, with natural branches broken off through unbelief and Gentile branches grafted in by faith) teaches humility to Gentiles: they did not replace Israel but were included in the same tree, sustained by the same root. The chapter ends with a hymn of praise to God's unsearchable wisdom, acknowledging that not everything in the divine plan can be fully grasped by the human mind — an invitation to trust, not to spiritual arrogance.

Fun facts

  • The process of 'grafting' wild olive branches onto cultivated trees was actually practiced in ancient Mediterranean agriculture, though usually the reverse of what Paul describes (the common practice was to graft a good branch onto a wild tree) — a detail Paul may use on purpose, to underscore just how extraordinary the grace that includes the Gentiles really is.
  • The quotation 'there shall come out of Sion the Deliverer' (verse 26) combines texts from Isaiah 59:20-21 and 27:9, a technique common among first-century Jewish writers of blending related passages into a single quotation.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Romanos 11:1Paul asks the question that closes the hard argument of chapter 9: has God rejected His people for good? He offers himself as proof of the opposite, being a Jew from the tribe of Benjamin and yet a believer in Christ.
  2. Romanos 11:2He reinforces the denial by citing the story of Elias, a prophet who also mistakenly believed he was alone and that God had given up on Israel.
  3. Romanos 11:3He cites Elias's complaint to God, recorded in 1 Kings: with the prophets killed and the altars torn down, he believed he was the last faithful one left, a target for persecution.
  4. Romanos 11:4Baal was the god of rain and fertility worshiped by Israel's neighboring peoples, and “bowing the knee” was the physical gesture of worship before an idol. The quotation, from 1 Kings, recalls the prophet Elias, who thought he was the only one still faithful to God and is corrected: there was a hidden group that had never given in.
  5. Romanos 11:5Just as in Elias's day, Paul says a faithful group always remains, a “remnant,” even when the majority seems to have drifted away — and this remnant still exists now, by God's choosing, not by its own merit.
  6. Romanos 11:6He explains why he insists so much on the word “grace”: if it depends on grace, it cannot depend on effort at the same time, because mixing the two would cancel out the meaning of each.
  7. Romanos 11:7He sums up what Israel was seeking, a righteousness based on works, but did not obtain; only a chosen group succeeded, while the rest were hardened.
  8. Romanos 11:8He cites a combination of Old Testament texts (Isaiah and Deuteronomy) describing this hardening as something permitted by God: eyes that should not see, ears that should not hear.
  9. Romanos 11:9He cites Psalm 69, from David, asking that even good things, like a bountiful table, become a snare for his enemies — used here to describe Israel's situation.
  10. Romanos 11:10He continues the same quotation from the psalm: darkened eyes and a bowed back, an image of spiritual blindness and heavy burden.
  11. Romanos 11:11Another question in the letter's familiar style: did Israel stumble in order to fall for good? No — their fall opened the way for salvation to reach the Gentiles, which, in turn, should stir up jealousy in Israel.
  12. Romanos 11:12A “how much more” argument: if even Israel's fall brought spiritual riches to the world, their full restoration will bring even greater riches.
  13. Romanos 11:13Paul addresses the Gentile readers directly, making clear his specific role as an apostle sent to them, and he values this calling for a reason he reveals in the next verse.
  14. Romanos 11:14The reason is to stir up jealousy in his own Jewish kinsmen, hoping this will help save at least some of them.
  15. Romanos 11:15He repeats the “how much more” argument from verse 12 in another way: if Israel's rejection already brought reconciliation to the world, their being accepted back would be like a resurrection.
  16. Romanos 11:16“Firstfruit,” the first portion offered to God, and “lump,” the rest of the dough from the same batch, form a comparison with “root” and “branches” of a tree: if the source is consecrated, what comes from it carries the same mark. This sets up the image of the olive tree that comes in the next verse.
  17. Romanos 11:17The “wild olive tree” produces lower-quality olives; grafting one of its branches into a cultivated olive tree was normally the opposite of what was done in the farming of that time, since the usual practice was grafting the good into the wild. Paul uses this reversal on purpose: the non-Jews, the wild branch, were fitted into a root that was not originally theirs, receiving the same sap that sustained the people of Israel.
  18. Romanos 11:18He introduces the olive tree image that will dominate the rest of the chapter: the Gentiles, compared to a grafted branch, have no reason to boast before the natural branches, because it is the root that sustains the branch, never the other way around.
  19. Romanos 11:19Paul anticipates an arrogant reply a Gentile reader might give: “The branches were broken off, that I might be graffed in,” as if that were reason for superiority.
  20. Romanos 11:20He corrects that arrogance: the branches were broken off for lack of faith, and whoever stands in their place stands there by faith, not by merit — a reason to fear, not to boast.
  21. Romanos 11:21The warning becomes more direct: if God did not spare the natural branches when they failed, there is no automatic guarantee He will spare the grafted branch.
  22. Romanos 11:22He describes the two sides of God revealed in this process: severity toward those who fell, goodness toward those who remain in it — with no perpetual guarantee, because whoever drifts away can also be cut off.
  23. Romanos 11:23On the other side, the door is not closed forever: if those who fell abandon their unbelief, God has power to graft them back in.
  24. Romanos 11:24He reinforces this point with a comparison: if the Gentiles, a graft “contrary to nature” into an olive tree that was not originally theirs, have already been accepted, it is even more natural for the original branches to return to their own tree.
  25. Romanos 11:25A “secret,” or mystery, is something only God knew and now reveals — it is not a riddle to decode, it is new information being delivered. Paul describes something temporary, a partial resistance among part of the Jewish people, set to last only up to a certain point, without spelling out the exact timeline here.
  26. Romanos 11:26This is one of the most debated lines in the book: some readings take “Israel” to mean the Jewish people as a whole, others read it as the entire community of faith, Jews and Gentiles together. Paul moves straight into a quotation from Isaiah about a deliverer coming out of Sion, without pausing to settle this ambiguity.
  27. Romanos 11:27He continues the quotation begun in the previous verse (Isaiah): the covenant promised to Israel specifically includes the removal of the people's sins.
  28. Romanos 11:28He describes Israel's paradoxical situation: hostile to the gospel for now, which benefited the Gentiles, but still beloved because of the ancient promise made to the patriarchs.
  29. Romanos 11:29He explains why this promise still stands despite the current rejection: God's gifts and calling are not canceled when He changes His mind, because He does not change His mind about them.
  30. Romanos 11:30Paul draws a parallel between Gentiles and Jews: just as the Gentiles were once disobedient and have now received mercy,
  31. Romanos 11:31the same pattern repeats in reverse: now it is Israel's turn to be in disobedience, so that they too may later receive mercy, the same way the Gentiles did.
  32. Romanos 11:32He sums up the argument of chapters 9 through 11: God allowed everyone, Jews and Gentiles, to fall into disobedience, precisely so He could show mercy to all, without exception.
  33. Romanos 11:33After such a complex argument, Paul bursts into praise: God's logic and plans, revealed here only in part, are still too deep to be fully understood.
  34. Romanos 11:34He cites Isaiah to reinforce this human limitation: no one has full access to the mind of God to the point of counseling or correcting Him.
  35. Romanos 11:35He cites the book of Job: no one gave God anything first that would put Him in the position of owing something back, because everything already comes from Him.
  36. Romanos 11:36He closes the letter's theological block (chapters 1 through 11) with a brief doxology: everything originates from, is sustained by, and exists for God, and that is what deserves eternal glory.

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