Atos 19

ARC · Chapter 19/28

1E succedeu que, emquanto Apollo estava em Corintho, Paulo, tendo passado por todas as regiões superiores, chegou a Epheso; e, achando ali alguns discipulos,

2Disse-lhes: Recebestes vós já o Espirito Sancto quando crêstes? E elles disseram-lhe: Antes nem ainda ouvimos que haja Espirito Sancto.

3Disse-lhes então: Em que sois baptizados então? E elles disseram: No baptismo de João.

4Porém Paulo disse: Certamente João baptizou com o baptismo do arrependimento, dizendo ao povo que crêsse no que após elle havia de vir, isto é, em Jesus Christo.

5E os que ouviram foram baptizados em nome do Senhor Jesus.

6E, impondo-lhes Paulo as mãos, veiu sobre elles o Espirito Sancto; e fallavam diversas linguas, e prophetizavam.

7E estes eram, ao todo, quasi doze varões.

8E, entrando na synagoga, fallou ousadamente por espaço de tres mezes, disputando e persuadindo ácerca do reino de Deus.

9Mas, endurecendo-se alguns, e não obedecendo, e fallando mal do caminho do Senhor perante a multidão, retirou-se d'elles, e separou os discipulos, disputando todos os dias na escola de um certo Tyranno.

10E durou isto por espaço de dois annos; de tal maneira que todos os que habitavam na Asia, ouviram a palavra do Senhor Jesus, assim judeos como gregos.

11E Deus pelas mãos de Paulo fazia maravilhas extraordinarias.

12De tal maneira que até os lenços e aventaes do seu corpo se levavam aos enfermos, e as enfermidades fugiam d'elles, e os espiritos malignos sahiam.

13E alguns dos exorcistas judeos vagabundos tentavam invocar o nome do Senhor Jesus sobre os que tinham espiritos malignos, dizendo: Esconjuramos-vos por Jesus a quem Paulo préga.

14E os que faziam isto eram sete filhos de Sceva, judeo, principal dos sacerdotes.

15Respondendo, porém, o espirito maligno, disse: Conheço a Jesus, e bem sei quem é Paulo; porém vós quem sois

16E, saltando n'elles o homem em que estava o espirito maligno, e assenhoreando-se d'elles, poude mais do que elles; de tal maneira que, nús e feridos, fugiram d'aquella casa.

17E foi isto notorio a todos os que habitavam em Epheso, tanto judeos como gregos; e caiu temor sobre todos elles, e o nome do Senhor Jesus era engrandecido.

18E muitos dos que criam vinham, confessando e publicando os seus feitos.

19Tambem muitos dos que seguiam artes curiosas trouxeram os seus livros, e os queimaram na presença de todos, e, feita a conta do seu preço, acharam que montava a cincoenta mil peças de prata.

20Assim a palavra do Senhor crescia poderosamente e prevalecia.

21E, cumpridas estas coisas, Paulo propoz-se, em espirito, ir a Jerusalem, passando pela Macedonia e pela Achaia, dizendo: Depois que houver estado ali, importa-me vêr tambem Roma.

22E, enviando á Macedonia dois d'aquelles que o serviam, Timotheo e Erasto, ficou elle por algum tempo na Asia.

23Porém, n'aquelle mesmo tempo, houve um não pequeno alvoroço ácerca do caminho do Senhor.

24Porque um certo ourives da prata, por nome Demetrio, que fazia de prata nichos de Diana, dava não pouco lucro aos artifices,

25Aos quaes, havendo-os ajuntado com os officiaes de obras similhantes, disse: Varões, vós bem sabeis que d'este officio temos a nossa prosperidade:

26E bem vêdes e ouvis que não só em Epheso, mas até quasi em toda a Asia, este Paulo tem persuadido e afastado uma grande multidão, dizendo que não são deuses os que se fazem com as mãos.

27E não sómente ha o perigo de que isto venha a servir-nos de desprezo, mas tambem de que o proprio templo da grande deusa Diana seja estimado em nada, e de que a sua magestade, a qual toda a Asia e o mundo inteiro veneram, venha a ser destruida.

28E, ouvindo-o, encheram-se de ira, e clamaram, dizendo: Grande é a Diana dos ephesios.

29E encheu-se de confusão toda a cidade; e unanimes arremetteram ao theatro, arrebatando comsigo a Gaio e a Aristarcho, macedonios, companheiros de Paulo na viagem.

30E, querendo Paulo apresentar-se ao povo, não lh'o permittiram os discipulos.

31E tambem alguns dos principaes da Asia, que eram seus amigos, lhe enviaram, rogando que não se apresentasse no theatro.

32Uns pois clamavam de uma maneira, outros d'outra, porque o ajuntamento era confuso; e os mais d'elles não sabiam por que causa se tinham ajuntado.

33Então tiraram Alexandre d'entre a multidão, impellindo-o os judeos para diante; e Alexandre, acenando com a mão, queria dar razão d'isto ao povo.

34Porém, conhecendo que era judeo, todos unanimemente levantaram a voz, clamando por espaço de quasi duas horas: Grande é a Diana dos ephesios.

35Então o escrivão da cidade, tendo apaziguado a multidão, disse: Varões ephesios, qual é o homem que não sabe que a cidade dos ephesios é a guardadora do templo da grande deusa Diana, e da imagem que desceu de Jupiter?

36De sorte que, não podendo isto ser contradito, convém que vos applaqueis, e nada façaes temerariamente;

37Porque estes homens que aqui trouxestes nem são sacrilegos nem blasphemam da vossa deusa:

38Porém, se Demetrio e os artifices que estão com elle teem alguma coisa contra alguem, dão-se audiencias e ha proconsules: que se accusem uns aos outros;

39E, se alguma outra coisa demandaes, averiguar-se-ha em legitimo ajuntamento.

40Porque corremos perigo de que, por hoje, sejamos accusados de sedição, não havendo causa alguma com que possamos justificar este concurso.

41E, tendo dito isto, despediu o ajuntamento.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

In Ephesus, Paul baptizes disciples who only knew John's baptism and performs great miracles, including healings through handkerchiefs he had touched. Many burn books of magic, and a riot breaks out because of the craftsmen who make idols of Diana.

Explanation

Ephesus was the center of the cult of Diana (Artemis), with a temple considered one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, so the gospel's impact there had real economic consequences for the craftsmen who sold shrines of the goddess. The public burning of books of magic, valued at an enormous sum, illustrates a conversion that was costly and visible — not merely internal. The riot shows how the Christian message could shake intertwined economic and religious systems, but also how civil authorities (the city clerk) could act with wisdom to prevent violence.

Fun facts

  • The temple of Artemis (Diana) in Ephesus was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, four times larger than the Parthenon in Athens, confirming the scale of the idol business mentioned in the chapter.
  • The sum of 50,000 pieces of silver from the burned books would equal today decades of wages for an ordinary worker of the time — a sign of how profound people's life change was.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Atos 19:1While Apollos kept preaching in Corinth, Paul finally arrives in Ephesus, fulfilling his earlier promise to return, and finds there a group of disciples with a still-incomplete faith.
  2. Atos 19:2These disciples in Ephesus knew only the baptism of John the Baptist, a movement that predated Jesus and focused on repentance. They had not received the full teaching about the Holy Spirit promised by Jesus.
  3. Atos 19:3These disciples answer Paul that they knew only John’s baptism, showing that their teaching had stalled at a stage prior to Jesus Himself.
  4. Atos 19:4Paul explains that John’s baptism was only a baptism of repentance, preparing the people to believe in the One who would come after him: Jesus.
  5. Atos 19:5After hearing Paul’s explanation, these disciples are baptized again, now in the name of the Lord Jesus. It is one of the few cases in the New Testament of a second baptism, showing that the first one, John’s, was considered incomplete in light of the gospel of Jesus.
  6. Atos 19:6As soon as Paul lays hands on them, the Holy Spirit comes upon them, and they begin to speak in tongues and prophesy, completing what was missing in their faith.
  7. Atos 19:7Luke records the exact size of this group, about twelve men, a detail that helps place the size of the community Paul found.
  8. Atos 19:8Paul returns to his pattern of preaching in the synagogue, this time speaking boldly for three full months about the kingdom of God.
  9. Atos 19:9The school of Tyrannus was probably a lecture hall or classroom rented from a Greek teacher, used by Paul to teach without relying solely on the synagogue, making use of a common rest hour in the city.
  10. Atos 19:10Facing resistance from some, Paul changes location, but the result of two years of preaching is that practically the whole province of Asia hears the message, both Jews and Greeks.
  11. Atos 19:11God works unusual miracles through Paul in Ephesus, even more extraordinary than those already seen in other cities along the journey.
  12. Atos 19:12Handkerchiefs and aprons Paul used every day are carried to the sick as a kind of bridge for faith. Similar to the episode with Peter’s shadow in chapter 5, the text records the fact without explaining the mechanism.
  13. Atos 19:13Some itinerant Jewish exorcists try to copy Paul’s method, invoking the name of Jesus as if it were a generic magic formula, without having real faith in Him.
  14. Atos 19:14Those responsible for this attempt were seven sons of a Jew named Sceva, described as a chief priest, showing that not even religious status guaranteed real spiritual authority.
  15. Atos 19:15The evil spirit recognizes Jesus and knows who Paul is, but questions the authority of these exorcists, who had no relationship with Jesus at all.
  16. Atos 19:16The possessed man attacks the seven exorcists with abnormal strength, leaving them wounded and fleeing the house naked—a humiliating result for those who tried to use the name of Jesus without faith.
  17. Atos 19:17The episode becomes known throughout Ephesus, producing widespread fear and causing the name of Jesus to gain even more respect, even through an event that was embarrassing for the exorcists.
  18. Atos 19:18Many of those who already believed begin publicly confessing occult practices they had still been keeping hidden, a sign of more complete repentance after the episode.
  19. Atos 19:19The extremely high value of fifty thousand pieces of silver was in books of magic and sorcery, burned publicly by the new converts in Ephesus. It shows just how strong the city’s culture of occult practices was, and the gesture symbolized a decisive break with that past.
  20. Atos 19:20The overall result of all this is a strong, visible growth of the Christian message in Ephesus, overcoming the powerful magical culture that existed in the city.
  21. Atos 19:21After all this, Paul is already planning his next steps: passing through Macedonia and Achaia to Jerusalem, and from there, he still intends to visit Rome.
  22. Atos 19:22Paul sends two trusted assistants, Timothy and Erastus, ahead to Macedonia, while he himself stays a while longer in Asia.
  23. Atos 19:23Before he can leave, a great uproar breaks out in Ephesus, directly connected to Christian preaching, referred to here as “the Way.”
  24. Atos 19:24Diana, or Artemis in Greek, was the patron goddess of Ephesus, owner of one of the most famous temples in the ancient world. Craftsmen like Demetrius sold silver miniatures of the temple or the goddess as religious keepsakes, a quite profitable trade that Paul’s preaching threatened.
  25. Atos 19:25Demetrius gathers other craftsmen in the same trade and openly argues that all their financial prosperity depended precisely on the trade tied to the goddess’s cult.
  26. Atos 19:26Demetrius admits, however reluctantly, that Paul had managed to convince many people across almost all of Asia that gods made by human hands were not real gods.
  27. Atos 19:27Demetrius’s fear is twofold: losing his own business of selling temple miniatures, and seeing the fame of the great goddess Diana (Artemis), worshipped throughout the region, diminished.
  28. Atos 19:28Demetrius’s speech works: the crowd of craftsmen becomes furious and begins shouting in unison the phrase that becomes the refrain of the whole uproar that follows.
  29. Atos 19:29Confusion takes over the whole city, and the crowd rushes to the theater, dragging along two of Paul’s traveling companions, Gaius and Aristarchus, even though they had no direct part in the matter.
  30. Atos 19:30Paul wants to appear personally before the angry crowd, but the disciples themselves stop him, fearing for his safety.
  31. Atos 19:31Even important provincial officials, friends of Paul, send word warning him not to risk entering the theater overrun by the crowd.
  32. Atos 19:32The scene at the theater is total chaos: people shouting different things at the same time, and most of them not even knowing why they had gathered there.
  33. Atos 19:33The Jews push a man named Alexander to the front, perhaps trying to publicly distance themselves from the accusation, and he tries to explain himself by motioning for silence.
  34. Atos 19:34As soon as they realize Alexander is a Jew, the crowd ignores him and goes back to shouting the same cry in unison for nearly two hours straight.
  35. Atos 19:35The “town clerk” was a real public office in Ephesus, a kind of chief secretary responsible for administrative order before Rome. He is the one who manages to calm the enraged crowd, fearing the uproar would bring trouble with the Roman authorities.
  36. Atos 19:36The town clerk, who had already begun calming the crowd, asks them to stop acting rashly, since the facts could not really be denied.
  37. Atos 19:37He defends Paul and his companions, saying they had not committed sacrilege or directly blasphemed the goddess, despite the general accusation.
  38. Atos 19:38The clerk points out that proper legal channels existed, such as courts and proconsuls, to settle any real business complaint Demetrius might have.
  39. Atos 19:39Any other matter, he says, should be settled in a legitimate, orderly assembly, not in a street riot.
  40. Atos 19:40The clerk warns that the city itself risked being charged with rioting by the Roman authorities, since there was no legal justification for that out-of-control gathering.
  41. Atos 19:41With this practical argument about the legal risk to the city itself, the clerk manages to disperse the crowd, ending the uproar without further violence.

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