Atos 15

ARC · Chapter 15/28

1Então alguns que tinham descido da Judea ensinavam os irmãos, dizendo: Se vos não circumcidardes, conforme o uso de Moysés, não podeis salvar-vos.

2Feita pois por Paulo e Barnabé não pequena dissensão e contenda contra elles, resolveu-se que Paulo e Barnabé, e alguns d'entre elles, subissem a Jerusalem, aos apostolos e aos anciãos, sobre aquella questão.

3De sorte que elles, acompanhados pela egreja, passavam pela Phenicia e por Samaria, contando a conversão dos gentios; e davam grande alegria a todos os irmãos.

4E, vindos a Jerusalem, foram recebidos pela egreja e pelos apostolos e anciãos, e lhes annunciavam quão grandes coisas Deus tinha feito com elles.

5Porém alguns da seita dos phariseos, que tinham crido, se levantaram, dizendo que era mister circumcidal-os e mandar-lhes que guardassem a lei de Moysés.

6Congregaram-se pois os apostolos e os anciãos para examinar este negocio.

7E, havendo grande contenda, levanou-se Pedro e disse-lhes: Varões irmãos, bem sabeis que já ha muito tempo Deus me elegeu d'entre nós, para que os gentios ouvissem da minha bocca a palavra do evangelho, e cressem.

8E Deus, que conhece os corações, deu testemunho d'elles, dando-lhes o Espirito Sancto, assim como tambem a nós;

9E não fez differença alguma entre elles e nós, purificando os seus corações pela fé.

10Agora, pois, porque tentaes a Deus, pondo sobre a cerviz dos discipulos um jugo que nem nossos paes nem nós podémos supportar?

11Antes crêmos que seremos salvos pela graça do Senhor Jesus Christo, como elles tambem.

12Então toda a multidão se calou, e escutava a Barnabé e a Paulo, que contavam quão grandes signaes e prodigios Deus havia feito por meio d'elles entre os gentios.

13E, havendo-se elles calado, tomou Thiago a palavra, dizendo: Varões irmãos, ouvi-me:

14Simão relatou como Deus primeiramente visitou os gentios, para tomar d'elles um povo para o seu nome.

15E com isto concordam as palavras dos prophetas; como está escripto:

16Depois d'isto voltarei, e reedificarei o tabernaculo de David, que está caido, e reedificarei as suas ruinas, e tornarei a levantal-o.

17Para que o resto dos homens busque ao Senhor, e todos os gentios, sobre os quaes o meu nome é invocado, diz o Senhor, que faz todas estas coisas.

18São notorias a Deus desde toda a eternidade as suas obras.

19Pelo que julgo que não se deve perturbar aquelles, d'entre os gentios, que se convertem a Deus,

20Mas escrever-lhes que se abstenham das contaminações dos idolos, e da fornicação, e das carnes suffocadas e do sangue.

21Porque Moysés, desde os tempos antigos, tem em cada cidade quem o prégue, e cada sabbado é lido nas synagogas.

22Então pareceu bem aos apostolos e aos anciãos, com toda a egreja, eleger d'elles alguns varões, e envial-os com Paulo e Barnabé a Antiochia, a saber: Judas, chamado Barsabbás, e Silas, varões distinctos entre os irmãos.

23E por elles escreveram o seguinte: Os apostolos, e os anciãos e os irmãos, aos irmãos d'entre os gentios que estão em Antiochia, e Syria e Cilicia, saude.

24Porquanto ouvimos que alguns que sairam d'entre nós vos perturbaram com palavras, e transtornaram as vossas almas, dizendo que devieis circumcidar-vos e guardar a lei, aos quaes nada mandámos:

25Pareceu-nos bem, reunidos concordemente, eleger alguns varões, e envial-os com os nossos amados Barnabé e Paulo,

26Homens que já expozeram as suas vidas pelo nome de nosso Senhor Jesus Christo.

27Enviamos pois Judas e Silas, os quaes de bocca vos annunciarão tambem o mesmo.

28Porque pareceu bem ao Espirito Sancto, e a nós, não vos impôr mais encargo algum, senão estas coisas necessarias:

29Que vos abstenhaes das coisas sacrificadas aos idolos, e do sangue, e da carne suffocada, e da fornicação: das quaes coisas fazeis bem se vos guardardes. Bem vos vá.

30Tendo-se elles pois despedido, partiram para Antiochia, e, ajuntando a multidão, entregaram a carta.

31E, lendo-a, alegraram-se, pela consolação a que lhes causava.

32Depois Judas e Silas, que tambem eram prophetas, exhortaram e confirmaram os irmãos com muitas palavras.

33E, detendo-se ali algum tempo, os irmãos os deixaram voltar em paz para os apostolos;

34Mas pareceu bem a Silas ficar ali.

35E Paulo e Barnabé ficaram em Antiochia, ensinando e prégando, com muitos outros, a palavra do Senhor.

36E alguns dias depois disse Paulo a Barnabé: Tornemos a visitar nossos irmãos por cada cidade em que já annunciámos a palavra do Senhor, a vêr como estão.

37E Barnabé aconselhava que tomassem comsigo a João, chamado Marcos.

38Mas a Paulo parecia razoavel que não tomassem comsigo aquelle que desde Pamphylia se tinha apartado d'elles, e não tinha ido com elles áquella obra.

39E tal contenda houve entre elles, que se apartaram um do outro. Barnabé, levando comsigo a Marcos, navegou para Chypre.

40E Paulo, tendo escolhido a Silas, partiu, encommendado pelos irmãos á graça de Deus.

41E foi passando por Syria e Cilicia, confirmando as egrejas.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

A great debate arises over whether converted Gentiles must follow the Jewish law, especially circumcision. Gathered in Jerusalem, the apostles decide they do not, asking only for a few practical restrictions.

Explanation

This is the so-called 'Council of Jerusalem,' a decisive moment that kept Christianity from becoming merely a Jewish sect. Peter, Paul, Barnabas, and James debate openly, and the final decision is communicated by letter to the Gentile churches, showing a mature process of collective decision-making in the early church. The principle established — salvation by grace, not by rituals — would shape all later Christian theology. The chapter ends with a personal disagreement between Paul and Barnabas over bringing John Mark, a reminder that even great leaders of faith have human conflicts.

Fun facts

  • The 'four restrictions' requested of the Gentiles (avoiding food sacrificed to idols, blood, the meat of strangled animals, and sexual immorality) corresponded to practices that would most offend Jews living alongside the new Gentile Christians in mixed social settings.
  • John Mark, whose abandoning the journey sparked the quarrel between Paul and Barnabas here, would later be reconciled with Paul, who mentions him fondly in 2 Timothy 4:11 — showing that the separation was not final.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Atos 15:1The heart of the chapter’s conflict: one group argued that converted Gentiles first needed to become Jews, undergoing circumcision, before they could be accepted as full Christians.
  2. Atos 15:2The conflict with this group is strong enough that the church decides to send Paul, Barnabas, and others to Jerusalem, taking the question directly to the apostles and elders there.
  3. Atos 15:3On the way to Jerusalem, the group passes through Phoenicia and Samaria telling of the conversion of the Gentiles, news that other Christians along the way receive with joy.
  4. Atos 15:4On arriving, they are officially received by the church, the apostles, and the elders of Jerusalem, to whom they report everything God had done among the Gentiles.
  5. Atos 15:5There were Pharisees who had accepted Jesus as the Messiah but kept practicing, and demanding of others, the traditional Jewish law. It is this group that raises the discussion about requiring circumcision of the Gentiles.
  6. Atos 15:6Faced with the question raised, the apostles and elders meet formally to discuss and decide the matter of circumcising the Gentiles.
  7. Atos 15:7After much debate, Peter takes the floor, recalling that it was he himself, years before, whom God chose to preach to the Gentiles for the first time, a reference to the episode with Cornelius.
  8. Atos 15:8Peter argues that God, who knows the heart of every person, had already confirmed the Gentiles’ acceptance by giving them the Holy Spirit, just as He had to the Jews.
  9. Atos 15:9Peter concludes that God made no distinction at all between Jews and Gentiles, purifying the hearts of both by faith, not by outward rituals.
  10. Atos 15:10Peter asks why they would place on the Gentiles a “yoke” (the weight of the law) that not even the Jews themselves, throughout their history, had managed to bear properly.
  11. Atos 15:11Peter closes his argument by saying that both Jews and Gentiles are saved by the same grace of Jesus, and not by keeping the law.
  12. Atos 15:12The assembled crowd falls silent, listening to Barnabas and Paul tell of the miracles God had done through them among the Gentiles, reinforcing Peter’s argument with concrete examples.
  13. Atos 15:13This James is neither of the two apostles with that name, but the brother of Jesus, who became the chief leader of the church in Jerusalem. His closing word carries the weight of a decision because he presided over this local body.
  14. Atos 15:14James (not to be confused with the apostles of the same name) uses Peter’s Hebrew name, Simeon, to refer to the account of how God first visited the Gentiles through him.
  15. Atos 15:15James states that this acceptance of the Gentiles is no baseless novelty: the words of the Old Testament prophets already agreed with it.
  16. Atos 15:16James quotes the prophet Amos, about rebuilding “the tabernacle of David” that had fallen, an image of the restoration of the kingdom that Christians applied to the work of Jesus.
  17. Atos 15:17The quotation goes on to say that this restoration would allow both the remnant of Israel and all the Gentiles called by God’s name to seek Him.
  18. Atos 15:18James closes the quotation by recalling that these works had been known to God from all eternity, not some last-minute improvised plan.
  19. Atos 15:19Based on all this, James gives his judgment: they should not make life difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God by demanding of them the full Jewish law.
  20. Atos 15:20Instead of requiring the whole Jewish law, the council asks the Gentiles to observe only a few practical restrictions tied to customs that most bothered Jews sharing a table with them, such as meat with blood in it and animals killed by strangling, along with sexual conduct. Scholars debate whether the list is about ritual purity or about social coexistence.
  21. Atos 15:21James justifies not needing to teach the law of Moses to the Gentiles by pointing out that it was already preached and read regularly in the synagogues of every city each sabbath, for anyone who wanted to learn it on their own.
  22. Atos 15:22Judas Barsabas and Silas are two representatives chosen to carry the letter with the council’s decision to Antioch, lending personal weight and credibility to the written message, beyond the document itself.
  23. Atos 15:23The council’s official letter opens with a simple greeting from the apostles, elders, and brethren of Jerusalem to the Gentile Christians of Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia.
  24. Atos 15:24The letter acknowledges the problem: some had gone out from Jerusalem without authorization and troubled the Gentiles by demanding circumcision and observance of the law, something the Jerusalem leadership had never commanded.
  25. Atos 15:25For this reason they decide, with one accord, to choose representatives to accompany Barnabas and Paul back, giving more weight and credibility to the written message.
  26. Atos 15:26The letter commends Barnabas and Paul as men who had already risked their own lives for the name of Jesus, reinforcing the confidence Jerusalem had in the two of them.
  27. Atos 15:27Along with the letter, they send Judas and Silas, who will also personally confirm by word of mouth everything that was written.
  28. Atos 15:28The final decision is credited to both the Holy Spirit and the council itself, a way of showing that the resolution was not merely human, but guided by God.
  29. Atos 15:29This is the council’s official decision, repeated in the letter sent to the Gentiles of Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. It is the first formal document on record from the church addressing a doctrinal dispute.
  30. Atos 15:30As soon as they arrive in Antioch, the messengers gather the local congregation and deliver the letter with the council’s decision.
  31. Atos 15:31The reading of the letter brings immediate relief and joy to the Gentile Christians of Antioch, who finally had an official answer to the controversy.
  32. Atos 15:32Judas and Silas, who were also prophets, use the visit to encourage and strengthen the brethren with a good deal of teaching, beyond simply delivering the letter.
  33. Atos 15:33After some time in Antioch, the brethren send them off in peace to return to the apostles who had sent them.
  34. Atos 15:34This verse, present in older manuscript traditions such as the one the KJV follows but absent from many other Greek manuscripts, explains why Silas reappears in the city right afterward: he decides to stay there instead of returning with Judas.
  35. Atos 15:35Paul and Barnabas also remain in Antioch for a while, continuing to teach and preach the word of the Lord together with other coworkers.
  36. Atos 15:36After a while, Paul proposes to Barnabas that they go back to the cities where they had already preached, just to see how the new Christians were doing.
  37. Atos 15:37Barnabas wants to bring John Mark along again, the same nephew of his who had abandoned the previous journey in Pamphylia.
  38. Atos 15:38Paul disagrees, thinking it wrong to bring along someone who had already quit partway through the first journey, without finishing the agreed work.
  39. Atos 15:39Paul and Barnabas break up their partnership over John Mark, who had abandoned the previous journey. The text does not hide the personal conflict between the two leaders, showing that strong disagreements existed even among apostles.
  40. Atos 15:40After parting ways with Barnabas, Paul chooses Silas as his new traveling companion, and the two set out with the blessing and support of the brethren in Antioch.
  41. Atos 15:41Paul and Silas travel by land through Syria and Cilicia, visiting and strengthening churches that probably already existed in those regions.

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