Atos 15

BLIVRE · Chapter 15/28

1E alguns que tinham descido da Judeia ensinavam aos irmãos, [dizendo] : Se vós não vos circuncidardes conforme o costume de Moisés, não podeis ser salvos.

2Então, havendo não pequena resistência e confronto de Paulo e Barnabé contra eles, ordenaram que Paulo, Barnabé e alguns outros deles subissem aos apóstolos e aos anciãos a Jerusalém sobre esta questão.

3Então sendo eles preparados para a viagem e despedidos pela igreja, passaram pela Fenícia e Samaria, contando [sobre] a conversão dos gentios; e davam grande alegria a todos os irmãos.

4E tendo chegado a Jerusalém, eles foram recebidos pela igreja, e pelos apóstolos e anciãos; e lhes anunciaram quão grandes coisas Deus tinha feito com eles;

5Mas [que] alguns do grupo dos fariseus que tinham crido, levantaram-se, dizendo que era necessário circuncidá-los, e mandar [-lhes] que guardem a Lei de Moisés.

6E os apóstolos e anciãos se reuniram para dar atenção a este assunto.

7E havendo muita discussão, Pedro se levantou, e lhes disse: Homens irmãos, vós sabeis que há muito tempo Deus [meu] escolheu entre nós, para que por minha boca os gentios ouvissem a palavra do Evangelho, e cressem.

8E Deus, que conhece os corações, deu-lhes testemunho, dando-lhes o Espírito Santo, assim como também a nós.

9E nenhuma diferença fez entre nós e eles, purificando seus corações pela fé.

10Então agora, por que tentais a Deus, pondo um jugo sobre o pescoço dos discípulos; que nem nossos pais, nem nós podemos levar?

11Mas cremos que, pela graça do Senhor Jesus Cristo, nós somos salvos, assim como também eles.

12E toda a multidão se calou; e ouviram a Barnabé e a Paulo, que contavam quão grandes sinais e milagres Deus tinha feito por meio deles entre os gentios.

13E tendo estes se calado, Tiago respondeu, dizendo: Homens irmãos, ouvi-me:

14Simão informou como primeiro Deus visitou aos gentios, para tomar [deles] um povo para seu nome.

15E com isso concordam as palavras dos profetas, como está escrito:

16Depois disto eu voltarei, e reconstruirei o tabernáculo de Davi, que caído está; e reconstruirei [de] suas ruínas, e voltarei a levantá-lo;

17Para que o resto da humanidade busque ao Senhor, e todos os gentios sobre os quais meu nome é invocado, diz o Senhor, que faz todas estas coisas.

18São conhecidas por Deus desde a antiguidade todas as suas obras.

19Portanto eu julgo que aqueles que dos gentios se convertem a Deus não devem ser perturbados.

20Mas [que] lhes escrevamos para que se abstenham das contaminações dos ídolos, e do pecado sexual, e da [carne] sufocada, e do sangue.

21Porque Moisés, desde as gerações antigas, tem em cada cidade quem o pregue nas sinagogas, sendo lido todo sábado.

22Então pareceu bem aos apóstolos, e aos anciãos, com toda a igreja, eleger deles [alguns] homens, para serem enviados com Paulo e Barnabé a Antioquia: Judas, que tinha por sobrenome Barsabás; e a Silas, homens líderes entre os irmãos.

23E escreveram por meio deles o seguinte: Os apóstolos e os anciãos, e os irmãos – para os irmãos dentre os gentios, que [estão] em Antioquia, Síria e Cilícia; saudações.

24Dado que ouvimos que alguns dos que saíram de nós vos perturbaram com palavras, [e] causaram incômodo a vossas almas, dizendo que deveis vos circuncidar e guardar a Lei, aos quais não mandamos;

25Pareceu-nos bem, reunidos em concordância, escolher [alguns] homens, e enviá-los até vós, com nossos amados Barnabé e Paulo.

26Homens que têm arriscado suas vidas pelo nome de nosso Senhor Jesus Cristo.

27Então enviamos a Judas e a Silas, os quais [vos] dirão as mesmas coisas pessoalmente.

28Porque pareceu bem ao Espírito Santo e a nós, de nenhuma carga a mais vos impor, a não ser estas coisas necessárias:

29Que vos abstenhais das coisas sacrificadas aos ídolos, do sangue, da [carne] sufocada, e do pecado sexual; das quais, se vos guardardes, fareis bem. Que o bem vos suceda.

30Sendo, pois, eles despedidos, vieram a Antioquia, e reunindo a multidão, entregaram a carta.

31E ao lerem, alegraram-se pela consolação.

32E então Judas e Silas, sendo também profetas, com muitas palavras exortaram e firmaram aos irmãos.

33E ficando [ali] por algum tempo, permitiram que voltassem em paz dos irmãos para os apóstolos.

34Mas a Silas pareceu bem continuar ali.

35E Paulo e Barnabé ficaram em Antioquia, ensinando e evangelizando, com também muitos outros, a palavra do Senhor.

36E depois de alguns dias, Paulo disse a Barnabé: Voltemos a visitar a nossos irmãos em cada cidade onde tenhamos anunciado a palavra do Senhor, [para ver] como estão.

37E Barnabé aconselhou para que tomassem consigo a João, chamado Marcos.

38Mas Paulo achou adequado que não tomassem consigo a aquele que desde a Panfília tinha se separado deles, e não tinha ido com eles para [aquela] obra.

39Houve então [entre eles] tal discórdia, que eles se separaram um do outro; e Barnabé, tomando consigo a Marcos, navegou para o Chipre.

40Mas Paulo, escolhendo a Silas, partiu-se, enviado pelos irmãos para a graça de Deus.

41E ele passou pela Síria e Cilícia, firmando as igrejas.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

A great debate arises over whether converted Gentiles must follow the Jewish law, especially circumcision. Gathered in Jerusalem, the apostles decide they do not, asking only for a few practical restrictions.

Explanation

This is the so-called 'Council of Jerusalem,' a decisive moment that kept Christianity from becoming merely a Jewish sect. Peter, Paul, Barnabas, and James debate openly, and the final decision is communicated by letter to the Gentile churches, showing a mature process of collective decision-making in the early church. The principle established — salvation by grace, not by rituals — would shape all later Christian theology. The chapter ends with a personal disagreement between Paul and Barnabas over bringing John Mark, a reminder that even great leaders of faith have human conflicts.

Fun facts

  • The 'four restrictions' requested of the Gentiles (avoiding food sacrificed to idols, blood, the meat of strangled animals, and sexual immorality) corresponded to practices that would most offend Jews living alongside the new Gentile Christians in mixed social settings.
  • John Mark, whose abandoning the journey sparked the quarrel between Paul and Barnabas here, would later be reconciled with Paul, who mentions him fondly in 2 Timothy 4:11 — showing that the separation was not final.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Atos 15:1The heart of the chapter’s conflict: one group argued that converted Gentiles first needed to become Jews, undergoing circumcision, before they could be accepted as full Christians.
  2. Atos 15:2The conflict with this group is strong enough that the church decides to send Paul, Barnabas, and others to Jerusalem, taking the question directly to the apostles and elders there.
  3. Atos 15:3On the way to Jerusalem, the group passes through Phoenicia and Samaria telling of the conversion of the Gentiles, news that other Christians along the way receive with joy.
  4. Atos 15:4On arriving, they are officially received by the church, the apostles, and the elders of Jerusalem, to whom they report everything God had done among the Gentiles.
  5. Atos 15:5There were Pharisees who had accepted Jesus as the Messiah but kept practicing, and demanding of others, the traditional Jewish law. It is this group that raises the discussion about requiring circumcision of the Gentiles.
  6. Atos 15:6Faced with the question raised, the apostles and elders meet formally to discuss and decide the matter of circumcising the Gentiles.
  7. Atos 15:7After much debate, Peter takes the floor, recalling that it was he himself, years before, whom God chose to preach to the Gentiles for the first time, a reference to the episode with Cornelius.
  8. Atos 15:8Peter argues that God, who knows the heart of every person, had already confirmed the Gentiles’ acceptance by giving them the Holy Spirit, just as He had to the Jews.
  9. Atos 15:9Peter concludes that God made no distinction at all between Jews and Gentiles, purifying the hearts of both by faith, not by outward rituals.
  10. Atos 15:10Peter asks why they would place on the Gentiles a “yoke” (the weight of the law) that not even the Jews themselves, throughout their history, had managed to bear properly.
  11. Atos 15:11Peter closes his argument by saying that both Jews and Gentiles are saved by the same grace of Jesus, and not by keeping the law.
  12. Atos 15:12The assembled crowd falls silent, listening to Barnabas and Paul tell of the miracles God had done through them among the Gentiles, reinforcing Peter’s argument with concrete examples.
  13. Atos 15:13This James is neither of the two apostles with that name, but the brother of Jesus, who became the chief leader of the church in Jerusalem. His closing word carries the weight of a decision because he presided over this local body.
  14. Atos 15:14James (not to be confused with the apostles of the same name) uses Peter’s Hebrew name, Simeon, to refer to the account of how God first visited the Gentiles through him.
  15. Atos 15:15James states that this acceptance of the Gentiles is no baseless novelty: the words of the Old Testament prophets already agreed with it.
  16. Atos 15:16James quotes the prophet Amos, about rebuilding “the tabernacle of David” that had fallen, an image of the restoration of the kingdom that Christians applied to the work of Jesus.
  17. Atos 15:17The quotation goes on to say that this restoration would allow both the remnant of Israel and all the Gentiles called by God’s name to seek Him.
  18. Atos 15:18James closes the quotation by recalling that these works had been known to God from all eternity, not some last-minute improvised plan.
  19. Atos 15:19Based on all this, James gives his judgment: they should not make life difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God by demanding of them the full Jewish law.
  20. Atos 15:20Instead of requiring the whole Jewish law, the council asks the Gentiles to observe only a few practical restrictions tied to customs that most bothered Jews sharing a table with them, such as meat with blood in it and animals killed by strangling, along with sexual conduct. Scholars debate whether the list is about ritual purity or about social coexistence.
  21. Atos 15:21James justifies not needing to teach the law of Moses to the Gentiles by pointing out that it was already preached and read regularly in the synagogues of every city each sabbath, for anyone who wanted to learn it on their own.
  22. Atos 15:22Judas Barsabas and Silas are two representatives chosen to carry the letter with the council’s decision to Antioch, lending personal weight and credibility to the written message, beyond the document itself.
  23. Atos 15:23The council’s official letter opens with a simple greeting from the apostles, elders, and brethren of Jerusalem to the Gentile Christians of Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia.
  24. Atos 15:24The letter acknowledges the problem: some had gone out from Jerusalem without authorization and troubled the Gentiles by demanding circumcision and observance of the law, something the Jerusalem leadership had never commanded.
  25. Atos 15:25For this reason they decide, with one accord, to choose representatives to accompany Barnabas and Paul back, giving more weight and credibility to the written message.
  26. Atos 15:26The letter commends Barnabas and Paul as men who had already risked their own lives for the name of Jesus, reinforcing the confidence Jerusalem had in the two of them.
  27. Atos 15:27Along with the letter, they send Judas and Silas, who will also personally confirm by word of mouth everything that was written.
  28. Atos 15:28The final decision is credited to both the Holy Spirit and the council itself, a way of showing that the resolution was not merely human, but guided by God.
  29. Atos 15:29This is the council’s official decision, repeated in the letter sent to the Gentiles of Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. It is the first formal document on record from the church addressing a doctrinal dispute.
  30. Atos 15:30As soon as they arrive in Antioch, the messengers gather the local congregation and deliver the letter with the council’s decision.
  31. Atos 15:31The reading of the letter brings immediate relief and joy to the Gentile Christians of Antioch, who finally had an official answer to the controversy.
  32. Atos 15:32Judas and Silas, who were also prophets, use the visit to encourage and strengthen the brethren with a good deal of teaching, beyond simply delivering the letter.
  33. Atos 15:33After some time in Antioch, the brethren send them off in peace to return to the apostles who had sent them.
  34. Atos 15:34This verse, present in older manuscript traditions such as the one the KJV follows but absent from many other Greek manuscripts, explains why Silas reappears in the city right afterward: he decides to stay there instead of returning with Judas.
  35. Atos 15:35Paul and Barnabas also remain in Antioch for a while, continuing to teach and preach the word of the Lord together with other coworkers.
  36. Atos 15:36After a while, Paul proposes to Barnabas that they go back to the cities where they had already preached, just to see how the new Christians were doing.
  37. Atos 15:37Barnabas wants to bring John Mark along again, the same nephew of his who had abandoned the previous journey in Pamphylia.
  38. Atos 15:38Paul disagrees, thinking it wrong to bring along someone who had already quit partway through the first journey, without finishing the agreed work.
  39. Atos 15:39Paul and Barnabas break up their partnership over John Mark, who had abandoned the previous journey. The text does not hide the personal conflict between the two leaders, showing that strong disagreements existed even among apostles.
  40. Atos 15:40After parting ways with Barnabas, Paul chooses Silas as his new traveling companion, and the two set out with the blessing and support of the brethren in Antioch.
  41. Atos 15:41Paul and Silas travel by land through Syria and Cilicia, visiting and strengthening churches that probably already existed in those regions.

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