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Atos 2

BLIVRE · Chapter 2/28

1E ao se cumprir o dia de Pentecostes, estavam todos concordando no mesmo lugar.

2E de repente houve um ruído do céu, como de um vento forte [e] violento, e encheu toda a casa onde eles estavam sentados.

3E foram vistas por eles línguas repartidas como que de fogo, e se pôs sobre cada um deles.

4E eles foram todos cheios do Espírito Santo, e começaram a falar em outras línguas, conforme o Espírito lhes dava a discursarem.

5E havia judeus que estavam morando em Jerusalém, homens devotos, de toda nação abaixo do céu.

6E acontecendo esta voz, ajuntou-se a multidão; e ela estava confusa, porque cada um os ouvia falar em sua própria língua.

7E todos estavam admirados, e se maravilhavam, dizendo uns aos outros: Ora, estes que estão falando, não são todos eles galileus?

8E como nós ouvimos cada um [deles] em nossa própria língua, na qual nascemos?

9Partos, Medos, Elamitas, os habitantes da Mesopotâmia, da Judeia, Capadócia, Ponto, Ásia,

10Frígia, Panfília, Egito e regiões da Líbia perto de Cirene, e romanos estrangeiros, tanto judeus como prosélitos,

11Cretenses e Árabes, os ouvimos em nossas próprias línguas eles falarem das grandezas de Deus.

12E todos estavam admirados e confusos, dizendo uns aos outros: O que isso quer dizer?

13E outros, ridicularizando, diziam: Eles estão cheios de vinho doce.

14Mas Pedro, pondo-se de pé com os onze, levantou sua voz, e lhes falou: Homens judeus, e todos os que habitais em Jerusalém, seja isto conhecido, e ouvi minhas palavras:

15Porque estes não estão bêbados, como vós pensais, sendo [ainda] a terceira hora do dia.

16Mas isto é o que foi dito por meio do profeta Joel:

17E será nos últimos dias, diz Deus, que: Eu derramarei do meu Espírito sobre toda carne, e vossos filhos e filhas profetizarão, e vossos rapazes terão visões, e vossos velhos sonharão sonhos;

18E também sobre meus servos e sobre minhas servas, naqueles dias eu derramarei do meu Espírito, e profetizarão.

19E darei milagres acima no céu, e sinais abaixo na terra; sangue, fogo, e vapor de fumaça;

20O sol se converterá em trevas, e a lua em sangue, antes que venha o grande e notório dia do Senhor.

21E será que todo aquele que chamar ao nome do Senhor será salvo.

22Homens israelitas, ouvi estas palavras: Jesus o nazareno, homem aprovado por Deus entre vós, com maravilhas, milagres e sinais, que Deus fez por meio dele no meio de vós, assim como vós mesmos também sabeis;

23Este, sendo entregue pelo determinado conselho e conhecimento prévio de Deus, sendo tomando, pelas mãos de injustos [o] crucificastes e matastes;

24Ao qual Deus ressuscitou, tendo soltado as dores da morte; porque não era possível ele ser retido por ela;

25Porque Davi diz sobre ele: Eu sempre via ao Senhor diante de mim, porque ele está à minha direita, para que eu não seja abalado.

26Por isso meu coração está contente, e minha língua se alegra, e até mesmo minha carne repousará em esperança.

27Pois tu não abandonarás minha alma no Xeol, nem permitirás que o teu santo veja a degradação.

28Tu tens me feito conhecer os caminhos da vida; tu me encherás de alegria com tua face.

29Homens irmãos, é lícito eu vos dizer abertamente sobre o patriarca Davi, que morreu, e foi sepultado, e a sepultura dele está conosco até o dia de hoje.

30Portanto, sendo ele profeta, e sabendo que Deus tinha lhe prometido com juramento que, da sua descendência segundo a carne, levantaria ao Cristo para se sentar no seu trono;

31Vendo [-o] com antecedência, falou da ressurreição do Cristo, que a sua alma não foi abandonada no Xeol, nem a sua carne viu a degradação.

32A este Jesus Deus ressuscitou; do qual todos nós somos testemunhas.

33Portanto, tendo sido exaltado à direita de Deus, e recebido do Pai a promessa do Espírito Santo, derramou isto que agora estais vendo e ouvindo.

34Porque Davi não subiu aos céus; mas sim, ele diz: Disse o Senhor a meu Senhor: Senta-te à minha direita,

35Até que eu ponha teus inimigos por escabelo de teus pés.

36Saiba então com certeza toda a casa de Israel, que Deus o fez Senhor e Cristo a este Jesus, que vós crucificastes.

37E eles, ao ouvirem [estas coisas] , foram afligidos como que perfurados de coração, e disseram a Pedro, e aos outros apóstolos: Que faremos, homens irmãos?

38E Pedro lhes disse: Arrependei-vos, e batize-se cada um de vós no nome de Jesus Cristo, para perdão dos pecados; e vós recebereis o dom do Espírito Santo.

39Porque a promessa é para vós, e para vossos filhos, e para todos que [ainda] estão longe, a tantos quantos Deus, nosso Senhor, chamar.

40E com muitas outras palavras ele dava testemunho, e exortava, dizendo: Salvai-vos desta geração perversa!

41Então os que receberam a palavra dele de boa vontade foram batizados; e foram adicionados naquele dia quase três mil almas.

42E eles perseveravam na doutrina dos apóstolos, na comunhão, no partir do pão, e nas orações.

43E houve temor em toda alma; e muitos milagres e sinais foram feitos pelos apóstolos.

44E todos os que criam estavam juntos, e tinham todas as coisas em comum.

45E eles vendiam [suas] propriedades e bens, e as repartiam com todos, conforme a necessidade que cada um tinha.

46E perseverando a cada dia em concordância no Templo, e partindo o pão de casa em casa, comiam juntos com alegria e sinceridade de coração.

47Louvando a Deus, e tendo graça, [sendo do agrado] de todo o povo. E a cada dia o Senhor acrescentava à igreja aqueles que estavam sendo salvos.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

On the day of Pentecost, the Holy Spirit descends on the disciples with the sound of wind and tongues of fire, and they speak in other languages. Peter preaches, and about three thousand people are converted and baptized.

Explanation

Pentecost was a Jewish harvest festival, fifty days after Passover, which already gathered Jews from many nations in Jerusalem — which explains the international crowd present. The miracle of tongues symbolizes the reversal of Babel: instead of confusing languages, God now uses languages to unite peoples around the gospel. The description of the early church — prayers, fellowship, the breaking of bread, and generosity — has become a practical model of Christian community to this day: living with openness and genuine care for others.

Fun facts

  • 'Pentecost' comes from the Greek word for 'fiftieth (day)' and corresponds to the Jewish feast of Shavuot, which celebrated the wheat harvest and, in later rabbinic tradition, also the giving of the Law to Moses at Sinai.
  • The list of nations in Acts 2 (Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and others) covers practically the entire known world of the time, from the Roman Empire to Persia — a literary sign that the gospel truly was meant for 'every nation.'

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Atos 2:1“Pentecost” was a Jewish feast celebrated fifty days after Passover, also called the Feast of Weeks, originally linked to the wheat harvest. That is why Jerusalem was full of Jews who had come from elsewhere for the date.
  2. Atos 2:2The sound “as of a rushing mighty wind” filling the house is a sensory sign marking the arrival of the Holy Spirit, not an actual storm. Wind is a common image in the Bible for speaking about the Spirit.
  3. Atos 2:3The “cloven tongues like as of fire” resting on each one show that the Holy Spirit came upon everyone individually, not just upon the group as a whole.
  4. Atos 2:4Given the following context, in which each listener understands in their own language, this refers to real human languages the disciples had not learned, not an incomprehensible utterance. It is a phenomenon similar to, but not necessarily identical with, what appears later in other New Testament letters.
  5. Atos 2:5At the time of the feast, Jerusalem was full of Jews who had come to live or visit from many parts of the known world, people of the diaspora who kept a religious tie to the city even though they had lived away from it for generations.
  6. Atos 2:6The crowd gathers in confusion because each person hears the disciples speaking in their own native language, even though no one had taught them those languages.
  7. Atos 2:7The listeners are amazed because the disciples were clearly Galileans, a region seen as simpler and more provincial, with no reputation for people trained in several foreign languages.
  8. Atos 2:8The question reinforces that this was not some strange or garbled sound: each listener clearly recognized their own native language coming out of the disciples’ mouths.
  9. Atos 2:9The list of peoples that begins here, from Parthians to Arabians, covers practically the whole known world of the time, from the Parthian Empire to Rome. The point is to show that Jews from every part of the diaspora were gathered there at that moment.
  10. Atos 2:10The list of peoples continues with Phrygia and Pamphylia, regions of Asia Minor, Egypt, parts of Libya near Cyrene, plus visitors from Rome, both Jews by birth and proselytes, Gentiles converted to Judaism.
  11. Atos 2:11Cretans and Arabians close out this list of nationalities. Luke’s point is to show that people from practically every corner of the empire heard, each in their own language, the declaration of the wonderful works of God.
  12. Atos 2:12The general reaction is one of amazement and confusion: people could not explain what was happening and kept asking one another what it meant.
  13. Atos 2:13“New wine” is unfermented or freshly fermenting wine. It was the explanation part of the crowd gave for the disciples’ unusual behavior, claiming they were drunk.
  14. Atos 2:14Peter stands up alongside the other eleven apostles to give a public explanation for the commotion, formally addressing all the Jews gathered in Jerusalem at that moment.
  15. Atos 2:15Jews counted the hours starting from sunrise, around 6 a.m. The third hour Peter mentions is about 9 in the morning, far too early for anyone to already be drunk, as he himself argues.
  16. Atos 2:16Peter announces that he is about to quote the prophet Joel, from the Old Testament, to explain what the crowd was seeing: this was not drunkenness, it was the fulfillment of an ancient promise.
  17. Atos 2:17Peter quotes Joel, saying that “in the last days” God would pour out His Spirit on all people, without distinction of age or gender: sons, daughters, young men, and old men would all have some spiritual experience.
  18. Atos 2:18Joel’s quotation goes on to include even menservants and maidservants, that is, slaves, among those who would receive the Spirit and prophesy. The promise did not respect social barriers either.
  19. Atos 2:19The images of blood, fire, and smoke come from the apocalyptic language common among Old Testament prophets for describing great interventions of God in history, not literal phenomena predicted for that particular day.
  20. Atos 2:20Peter is quoting the prophet Joel when he speaks of the sun and moon being darkened. This language was common among Old Testament prophets for describing great interventions of God in history, not a literal astronomical prediction.
  21. Atos 2:21This is the climax of the quotation from Joel: the promise that whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved, excluding no one on account of origin or standing.
  22. Atos 2:22Peter changes his tone and addresses the “men of Israel” directly, reminding the listeners that they themselves had seen or heard about the miracles Jesus of Nazareth had done among them.
  23. Atos 2:23Peter states that Jesus’ death did not escape God’s control, but he still holds the listeners responsible for the crucifixion, even though it was the Romans who carried out the execution.
  24. Atos 2:24The resurrection is described as God loosing Jesus from the “pains of death,” an expression that treats death almost like a prison from which He could not be held.
  25. Atos 2:25Peter quotes a psalm attributed to David, read as a prophetic reference to someone who would have God always at his right hand, unshaken—applied here to Jesus.
  26. Atos 2:26A continuation of the same psalm, expressing joy and hope even in the face of death, something Peter interprets as words pointing beyond David’s own experience.
  27. Atos 2:27The central part of the quotation: the promise that the soul would not be left in the afterlife, nor would the body see corruption—something Peter argues was not literally fulfilled in David, who died and decayed like anyone else.
  28. Atos 2:28The quotation from the psalm closes speaking of the ways of life and joy in God’s presence, verses Peter goes on to use to point to Jesus’ resurrection.
  29. Atos 2:29Peter interrupts the quotation to make a direct observation: everyone knew where David’s tomb was in Jerusalem, proof that he remained dead and buried, contrary to what the psalm seemed to suggest.
  30. Atos 2:30As a prophet, David knew of God’s promise that one of his descendants would occupy his throne forever; Peter uses this to argue that the psalm was actually a prediction about this future descendant.
  31. Atos 2:31Peter concludes that David, in writing that psalm, was actually foreseeing the resurrection of the Messiah, since the words did not apply literally to David’s own life and death.
  32. Atos 2:32Peter states this directly: Jesus rose again, and he, together with the other apostles, are eyewitnesses of it—they are not repeating a secondhand story.
  33. Atos 2:33Peter links Jesus’ resurrection, His exaltation at God’s side, and the gift of the Holy Spirit received from the Father as the direct explanation for the phenomenon of tongues the crowd was seeing and hearing at that moment.
  34. Atos 2:34Peter stresses that the psalm cannot be about David, since David never ascended into the heavens; instead, he quotes another psalm in which David speaks of “another Lord” seated at God’s right hand.
  35. Atos 2:35The quotation continues: this “Lord” would remain seated until His enemies were made His footstool—an ancient image of complete victory over adversaries.
  36. Atos 2:36Peter reaches the conclusion of his speech: the same Jesus the listeners helped crucify was made by God both Lord and Christ (Messiah), becoming the central point of everything he had argued before.
  37. Atos 2:37The crowd’s reaction is one of deep shock, described as feeling “pricked in their heart”; instead of defending themselves, they ask Peter and the other apostles what they should do now.
  38. Atos 2:38Peter’s answer has three parts: repentance, baptism in the name of Jesus, and receiving the Holy Spirit as a result—the basic package of what he was preaching.
  39. Atos 2:39Peter makes clear that the promise was not only for those present that day, but also for their children and for “all that are afar off,” an opening that would later come to include the Gentiles.
  40. Atos 2:40Luke sums up that Peter said much more than what was recorded, repeatedly urging people to save themselves from that generation, understood as corrupted for rejecting the Messiah.
  41. Atos 2:41The immediate result of the preaching is enormous: about three thousand people are baptized in a single day, extremely fast growth for a community that until then fit inside one room.
  42. Atos 2:42This verse describes the four pillars of the newborn church’s life: the apostles’ teaching, fellowship among the members, the shared meal (“breaking of bread”), and prayers together.
  43. Atos 2:43The “fear” that comes upon everyone is not ordinary fright, but a reverence mixed with awe at the wonders the apostles kept performing after Pentecost.
  44. Atos 2:44“Had all things common” describes a voluntary practice among the first Christians of Jerusalem, driven by the spirit of that particular moment, not a permanent rule the church would keep afterward.
  45. Atos 2:45Selling possessions and sharing with everyone was a voluntary practice of the first Christians of Jerusalem, driven by the spirit of the moment, not a rule imposed forever. This kind of communal life appears only in this specific community in the book of Acts.
  46. Atos 2:46The first Christians still attended the temple regularly, like any devout Jew, and complemented that with meals in private homes, showing that at first they did not see themselves as a group separate from Judaism.
  47. Atos 2:47The community’s growth is described as something constant and done by God—“the Lord added to the church daily”—not the result of a human recruitment strategy.

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