Atos 10

ARC · Chapter 10/28

1E havia em Cesarea um certo varão por nome Cornelio, centurião da cohorte chamada italiana,

2Piedoso e temente a Deus, com toda a sua casa, o qual fazia muitas esmolas ao povo, e de continuo orava a Deus.

3Este, quasi á hora nona do dia, viu claramente em visão um anjo de Deus, que se dirigia para elle e dizia: Cornelio.

4E este, fixando os olhos n'elle, e muito atemorisado, disse: Que é, Senhor? E disse-lhe: As tuas orações e as tuas esmolas teem subido para memoria diante de Deus;

5Agora, pois, envia varões a Joppe, e manda chamar a Simão, que tem por sobrenome Pedro.

6Este pousa em casa de um certo Simão curtidor, que tem a sua casa junto do mar. Elle te dirá o que deves fazer.

7E, ido o anjo que lhe fallava, chamou dois dos seus creados, e a um piedoso soldado dos que estavam ao seu serviço.

8E, havendo-lhes contado tudo, os enviou a Joppe.

9E no dia seguinte, indo elles seu caminho, e chegando perto da cidade, subiu Pedro ao terraço para orar, quasi á hora sexta.

10E, tendo fome, quiz comer; e, emquanto lh'o preparavam, sobreveiu-lhe um arrebatamento de sentidos:

11E viu o céu aberto, e que para elle descia um certo vaso, como um grande lençol atado pelas quatro pontas, e abaixando-se para a terra.

12No qual havia de todos os animaes da terra quadrupedes, féras e reptis, e aves do céu.

13E foi-lhe dirigida uma voz: Levanta-te, Pedro, mata e come.

14Porém Pedro disse: De modo nenhum, Senhor, porque nunca comi coisa alguma commum nem immunda.

15E segunda vez lhe disse a voz: Não faças tu commum ao que Deus purificou.

16E aconteceu isto por tres vezes; e o vaso tornou a recolher-se para o céu.

17E, estando Pedro duvidando entre si que seria aquella visão que tinha visto, eis que os varões que foram enviados por Cornelio, pararam á porta, perguntando pela casa de Simão.

18E, chamando, perguntaram se Simão, que tinha por sobrenome Pedro, pousava ali.

19E, pensando Pedro n'aquella visão, disse-lhe o Espirito: Eis que tres varões te buscam:

20Levanta-te pois, e desce, e vae com elles, não duvidando; porque eu os enviei.

21E Pedro, descendo para junto dos varões que lhe foram enviados por Cornelio, disse: Eis que sou eu a quem procuraes; qual é a causa porque estaes aqui?

22E elles disseram: Cornelio, o centurião, varão justo e temente a Deus, e que tem bom testemunho de toda a nação dos judeos, foi avisado por um sancto anjo para que mandasse chamar-te a sua casa, e ouvisse de ti palavras.

23Então, chamando-os para dentro, os recebeu em casa. Porém no dia seguinte foi Pedro com elles, e foram com elle alguns irmãos de Joppe.

24E no dia immediato chegaram a Cesarea. E Cornelio os estava esperando, tendo já convidado a seus parentes e amigos mais intimos.

25E aconteceu que, entrando Pedro, saiu Cornelio a recebel-o, e, prostrando-se a seus pés, o adorou.

26Porém Pedro o levantou, dizendo: Levanta-te, eu mesmo tambem sou homem.

27E, fallando com elle, entrou, e achou muitos que ali se haviam ajuntado.

28E disse-lhes: Vós bem sabeis como não é licito a um varão judeo ajuntar-se ou chegar-se a estrangeiros; mas Deus mostrou-me que a nenhum homem chame commum ou immundo:

29Pelo que, sendo chamado, vim sem contradizer. Pergunto pois; por que razão mandastes chamar-me?

30E disse Cornelio: Ha quatro dias estava eu em jejum até esta hora, e orava em minha casa á hora nona.

31E eis que diante de mim se apresentou um varão com um vestido resplandecente, e disse: Cornelio, a tua oração é ouvida, e as tuas esmolas estão em memoria diante de Deus

32Envia pois a Joppe, e manda chamar Simão, o que tem por sobrenome Pedro; este pousa em casa de Simão o curtidor, junto do mar, e elle, vindo, te fallará.

33Assim que logo mandei a ti; e bem fizeste em vir. Agora pois estamos todos presentes diante de Deus, para ouvir tudo quanto por Deus te é mandado.

34E Pedro, abrindo a bocca, disse: Reconheço por verdade que Deus não faz accepção de pessoas;

35Mas que lhe é agradavel aquelle que, em qualquer nação, o teme e obra a justiça.

36A palavra que elle enviou aos filhos d'Israel, annunciando a paz por Jesus Christo (este é o Senhor de todos),

37Esta palavra, vós bem sabeis, veiu por toda a Judea, começando desde a Galilea, depois do baptismo que João prégou;

38Emquanto a Jesus de Nazareth, como Deus o ungiu com o Espirito Sancto e com virtude; o qual andou fazendo bem, e curando a todos os opprimidos do diabo, porque Deus era com elle.

39E nós somos testemunhas de todas as coisas que fez, tanto na terra da Judea como em Jerusalem: ao qual mataram, pendurando-o n'um madeiro.

40A este resuscitou Deus ao terceiro dia, e fez que fosse manifesto,

41Não a todo o povo, mas ás testemunhas que Deus antes ordenára; a nós, que comemos e bebemos juntamente com elle, depois que resuscitou dos mortos.

42E mandou-nos prégar ao povo, e testificar que elle é aquelle que por Deus foi constituido juiz dos vivos e dos mortos.

43A este dão testemunho todos os prophetas, de que todos os que n'elle crêrem receberão o perdão dos peccados pelo seu nome.

44E, dizendo Pedro ainda estas palavras, caiu o Espirito Sancto sobre todos os que ouviam a palavra.

45E os fieis que eram da circumcisão, todos quantos tinham vindo com Pedro, maravilharam-se de que o dom do Espirito Sancto se derramasse tambem sobre os gentios.

46Porque os ouviam fallar linguas, e magnificar a Deus.

47Respondeu então Pedro: Pode alguem porventura impedir a agua, para que não sejam baptizados estes, que tambem receberam como nós o Espirito Sancto?

48E mandou que fossem baptizados em nome do Senhor. Então rogaram-lhe que ficasse com elles por alguns dias.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

God prepares Peter with a vision of a sheet full of unclean animals, teaching him not to call impure what God has made clean. Peter goes to the house of the Roman centurion Cornelius, and the Holy Spirit falls on the Gentiles gathered there.

Explanation

This is a turning point in Acts: for the first time, Gentiles (non-Jews) receive the Holy Spirit and are baptized without first becoming Jews. The vision of the sheet breaks down a deep cultural and religious barrier for Peter, raised under strict Jewish dietary laws. Cornelius, a God-fearing Roman soldier, shows that sincere seeking is recognized by God regardless of ethnic origin. The episode confirms once and for all that the gospel is for all peoples, not an exclusive club.

Fun facts

  • Cornelius's 'Italian Regiment' was an auxiliary unit of the Roman army made up of recruits from Italy, confirmed by Roman historical records as having served in Syria-Palestine in the first century.
  • The Jewish dietary laws (kashrut) that forbade certain animals come from Leviticus 11 — which is why Peter's vision of eating 'reptiles and unclean birds' was so shocking to a practicing Jew.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Atos 10:1Cornelius was a mid-ranking Roman officer, commanding about a hundred soldiers. The Italian cohort was a military unit made up of recruits from Italy itself, serving in the province of Judea.
  2. Atos 10:2Cornelius is introduced as an unusual Gentile: devout, God-fearing along with his whole household, generous in giving alms, and devoted to prayer, even without having converted to Judaism.
  3. Atos 10:3The ninth hour was around 3 p.m., one of the fixed times for Jewish prayer. Cornelius, even as a Gentile, kept prayer habits similar to the Jews’ because he feared God, without yet being fully converted to the Jewish faith.
  4. Atos 10:4Startled by the angel’s appearance, Cornelius hears something unexpected: his prayers and alms had already “come up” before God as a memorial, proof that God already recognized his devotion even though he was a Gentile.
  5. Atos 10:5The angel gives a very practical instruction: send for a specific man, Simon, also called Peter, who was in another city, Joppa.
  6. Atos 10:6The angel spells out the exact address: Peter was staying at the house of another Simon, a tanner, by the sea — information precise enough to make him easy to find.
  7. Atos 10:7As soon as the angel disappears, Cornelius acts quickly, calling together two trusted servants and a devout soldier from among his own men.
  8. Atos 10:8After telling them everything that had happened, Cornelius sends these three men on the journey to Joppa, setting off the chain of events that will bring the two sides of the story together.
  9. Atos 10:9While Cornelius’s messengers are approaching Joppa, Peter goes up to the housetop to pray around noon, a simultaneous detail the narrative uses to link the two scenes.
  10. Atos 10:10Hungry, Peter waits for the food to be prepared, and it is during this ordinary interval of waiting that he has an ecstatic experience, a kind of trance.
  11. Atos 10:11The vision of the sheet brings every kind of animal, including species Jewish law classified as unclean and forbidden to eat. It is the centerpiece of the experience God uses to prepare Peter to understand the message that follows.
  12. Atos 10:12In the vision every kind of animal appears: four-footed creatures, reptiles, and birds, including species Jewish law classified as unclean and forbidden to eat.
  13. Atos 10:13A voice directly commands Peter to kill and eat the animals on the sheet, an instruction that runs against everything he had learned as an observant Jew.
  14. Atos 10:14Peter is referring to the Jewish dietary laws of Leviticus, which separated permitted animals from forbidden ones. The vision asks him to eat precisely the forbidden ones, which shocks him at first.
  15. Atos 10:15The voice repeats the command, saying Peter must not call unclean what God has already cleansed, planting the central idea he will only truly understand later on.
  16. Atos 10:16The scene repeats three times in a row before the sheet is taken back up into heaven, a repetition that reinforces the importance of the message for Peter.
  17. Atos 10:17While Peter is still trying to work out the meaning of the vision, Cornelius’s messengers already arrive and stand at the gate of the house asking for him — the practical explanation of the vision is literally knocking at the door.
  18. Atos 10:18The men confirm whether that was indeed where Simon, also called Peter, was staying, showing they knew exactly where to look.
  19. Atos 10:19While Peter is still processing the vision, the Holy Spirit intervenes directly, telling him that three men were looking for him.
  20. Atos 10:20The Spirit tells Peter to go down and go with the men without hesitating, assuring him that He Himself had sent them — removing any doubt about following unknown Gentiles.
  21. Atos 10:21Peter goes down and introduces himself directly to the messengers, asking the reason for their visit, still without knowing the full details of the situation.
  22. Atos 10:22The men explain who Cornelius is — a centurion respected even by the Jews themselves — and tell him that an angel instructed Cornelius to send for Peter to hear his message.
  23. Atos 10:23Peter lodges the messengers for a night, an ordinary gesture of hospitality, and the next day sets out with them, also bringing along some Christians from Joppa as witnesses to what would happen.
  24. Atos 10:24After another day of travel, they arrive in Caesarea, where Cornelius is already waiting for them, having gathered his relatives and close friends to hear Peter along with him.
  25. Atos 10:25Seeing Peter arrive, Cornelius falls at his feet in a gesture of worship, probably a common custom before important figures in the Roman culture of the time.
  26. Atos 10:26Peter immediately rejects this kind of reverence, reminding Cornelius that he too is only a man, not a divine figure to be worshipped.
  27. Atos 10:27Still talking at the entrance, Peter goes into the house and finds a much larger group of Gentiles gathered than he had probably expected.
  28. Atos 10:28Peter explains to Cornelius that avoiding close contact with Gentiles because of purity rules was a Jewish social custom, not necessarily a written law. The vision of the sheet was what changed his understanding of this.
  29. Atos 10:29Peter makes clear that he came without hesitation despite the cultural barrier, and asks directly what the specific reason for the summons was.
  30. Atos 10:30Cornelius tells his own side of the story: he was fasting and praying at home when he had the vision, beginning the account of how it all started on his end.
  31. Atos 10:31Cornelius repeats what the angel told him: that his prayers had been heard and his alms remembered by God, confirming the same message already told to the reader before.
  32. Atos 10:32Cornelius also repeats the exact instruction to send for Peter at the house of Simon the tanner, by the sea, showing how the details match perfectly between the two visions.
  33. Atos 10:33Cornelius finishes by explaining why he gathered so many people: everyone there was ready and willing to hear everything God had commanded Peter to say.
  34. Atos 10:34Peter arrives at the conclusion that God is “no respecter of persons”: He welcomes anyone who fears Him and does what is right, whether Jew or Gentile, with no preferential treatment based on ethnic origin.
  35. Atos 10:35Peter concludes that God accepts anyone, from any nation, who fears Him and lives righteously — it is not a matter of being born Jewish or Gentile.
  36. Atos 10:36Peter recalls that the message of peace through Jesus Christ had already been sent first to Israel, making clear that the Jews had historical priority, but not exclusivity.
  37. Atos 10:37Peter assumes that his Gentile listeners already knew something about the events that had taken place in Judea, beginning with John the Baptist’s preaching in Galilee.
  38. Atos 10:38Peter sums up Jesus’s ministry simply: anointed by God with power, He went about doing good and healing people oppressed by evil, proof that God was with Him.
  39. Atos 10:39Peter presents himself, along with the other apostles, as an eyewitness to all this, and mentions Jesus’s death “hanged on a tree,” an expression for crucifixion.
  40. Atos 10:40Peter affirms that God raised Jesus on the third day and made a point of letting this become publicly known.
  41. Atos 10:41The resurrection was not shown to everyone, only to witnesses chosen beforehand by God, who even ate and drank with Jesus after He rose.
  42. Atos 10:42The apostles were charged with preaching this to the people and testifying that Jesus was appointed by God as judge of the living and the dead.
  43. Atos 10:43Peter concludes that all the Old Testament prophets already pointed to this same promise: whoever believes in Jesus receives forgiveness of sins through His name.
  44. Atos 10:44The Holy Spirit falls on the Gentile listeners even before water baptism, unlike the pattern seen in other episodes. In the eyes of the Jews present, it is a sign that God had already accepted these Gentiles without requiring them to become Jews first.
  45. Atos 10:45The Jewish Christians accompanying Peter are astonished to see the gift of the Holy Spirit poured out on Gentiles too, something that broke their expectations.
  46. Atos 10:46The visible proof that the Gentiles had also received the Spirit is the same seen at Pentecost: they begin speaking in tongues and openly praising God.
  47. Atos 10:47Peter draws the logical conclusion on the spot: since God had given these Gentiles the Spirit, there would be no reason to deny them water baptism.
  48. Atos 10:48Peter orders them to be baptized in the name of the Lord, and the group even asks him to stay lodged with them for a few more days, extending the contact.

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