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Números 34

ARC · Chapter 34/36

1Fallou mais o Senhor a Moysés, dizendo:

2Dá ordem aos filhos d'Israel, e dize-lhes: Quando entrardes na terra de Canaan, esta ha de ser a terra que vos cairá em herança: a terra de Canaan, segundo os seus termos.

3A banda do sul vos será desde o deserto de Zin até aos termos de Edom; e o termo do sul vos será desde a extremidade do mar salgado para a banda do oriente,

4E este termo vos irá rodeando do sul para a subida de Acrabbim, e passará até Zin; e as suas saidas serão do sul a Cades-barnea; e sairá a Hazar-addar, e passará a Azmon

5Rodeará mais este termo de Azmon até ao rio do Egypto: e as suas saidas serão para a banda do mar.

6Ácerca do termo do occidente, o mar grande vos será por termo: este vos será o termo do occidente.

7E este vos será o termo do norte: desde o mar grande marcareis até ao monte de Hor.

8Desde o monte de Hor marcareis até á entrada de Hamath: e as saidas d'este termo serão até Zedad.

9E este termo sairá até Ziphron, e as suas saidas serão em Hazar-enan: este vos será o termo do norte.

10E por termo da banda do oriente vos marcareis de Hazar-enan até Sepham.

11E este termo descerá desde Sepham até Ribla, para a banda do oriente de Ain: depois descerá este termo, e irá ao longo da borda do mar de Cinnereth para a banda do oriente.

12Descerá tambem este termo ao longo do Jordão, e as suas saidas serão no mar salgado: esta vos será a terra, segundo os seus termos em roda.

13E Moysés deu ordem aos filhos de Israel, dizendo: Esta é a terra que tomareis em sorte por herança, a qual o Senhor mandou dar ás nove tribus e á meia tribu.

14Porque a tribu dos filhos dos rubenitas, segundo a casa de seus paes, e a tribu dos filhos dos gaditas, segundo a casa de seus paes, já receberam; tambem a meia tribu de Manasseh recebeu a sua herança.

15Já duas tribus e meia tribu receberam a sua herança d'aquem do Jordão de Jericó, da banda do oriente ao nascente.

16Fallou mais o Senhor a Moysés, dizendo:

17Estes são os nomes dos homens que vos repartirão a terra por herança: Eleazar, o sacerdote, e Josué, o filho de Nun

18Tomareis mais de cada tribu um principe, para repartir a terra em herança.

19E estes são os nomes dos homens: Da tribu de Judah, Caleb, filho de Jefoné;

20E, da tribu dos filhos de Simeão, Samuel, filho de Ammihud;

21Da tribu de Benjamin, Elidad, filho de Chislon;

22E, da tribu dos filhos de Dan, o principe Buci, filho de Jogli;

23Dos filhos de José, da tribu dos filhos de Manasseh, o principe Hanniel, filho de Ephod;

24E, da tribu dos filhos de Ephraim, o principe Quemuel, filho de Siphtan;

25E, da tribu dos filhos de Zebulon, o principe Elizaphan, filho de Parnah;

26E, da tribu dos filhos de Issacar, o principe Paltiel, filho de Assan;

27E, da tribu dos filhos de Aser, o principe Ahihud, filho de Selomi;

28E, da tribu dos filhos de Naphtali, o principe Pedael, filho de Ammihud.

29Estes são aquelles a quem o Senhor ordenou, que repartissem as heranças aos filhos de Israel na terra de Canaan.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

God precisely defines the geographic boundaries of the land of Canaan that Israel was to occupy, and names the specific leaders of each tribe (except Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh) responsible for overseeing the division of the land by lot.

Explanation

The detailed description of the boundaries — from the southern desert to Mount Hor in the north, from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Jordan in the east — shows that the promise of the land was not a vague idea, but a concrete, defined geographic reality that the people could verify and claim specifically. The appointment of specific leaders from each tribe to oversee the division by lot (not by arbitrary human choice) sought to ensure a fair process that was perceived as coming directly from God's will, avoiding territorial disputes among the tribes. This reflects an important principle: spiritual promises can and should also have practical, organized application in the real life of the community.

Fun facts

  • The boundaries described here correspond roughly to the territorial extent that archaeologists and historians identify as the historical core of Israel and Judah in the Iron Age, even though effective political control of these full boundaries was rarely achieved completely throughout biblical history.
  • The system of dividing the land 'by lot' (v. 13), but weighted by the size of each tribe (Numbers 26:54), combined an element of trust in divine providence with a principle of proportional justice — neither pure random chance nor pure calculated human decision.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 34:1The LORD speaks once more to Moses, now to define precisely the exact borders of the promised land.
  2. Números 34:2Before entering the land, God defines exactly what the borders of Canaan would be: how far it extended to the south, north, east, and west. It is a practical geographic description, establishing the limits the tribes were to occupy once they arrived.
  3. Números 34:3The southern border would run from the wilderness of Zin along the edge of Edom, starting at the end of the Salt Sea and heading eastward.
  4. Números 34:4This southern line would curve around the ascent of Akrabbim, pass through Zin, go down near Kadesh-barnea, continue to Hazar-addar, and reach Azmon.
  5. Números 34:5From Azmon, the border would continue to the brook of Egypt, ending at the sea.
  6. Números 34:6The western border would simply be the Great Sea, that is, the Mediterranean, serving as a natural boundary.
  7. Números 34:7The northern border would begin at the Great Sea and run to Mount Hor.
  8. Números 34:8From Mount Hor, the line would continue to the entrance of Hamath, ending at Zedad.
  9. Números 34:9This northern border would continue to Ziphron, ending at Hazar-enan.
  10. Números 34:10The eastern border would begin at Hazar-enan and run to Shepham.
  11. Números 34:11It would go down from Shepham to Riblah, east of Ain, and then continue down along the eastern shore of the Sea of Chinnereth.
  12. Números 34:12Finally, the border would go down following the Jordan, ending at the Salt Sea — closing the entire outline of the promised land.
  13. Números 34:13Moses passes this description on to the people, explaining that this is the land that would be divided by lot among the nine and a half tribes that had not yet received their portion.
  14. Números 34:14He reminds them that Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had already received their inheritance earlier, on the other side of the Jordan.
  15. Números 34:15These two and a half tribes were already settled on the east side, leaving only the rest of the territory of Canaan to be divided among the others.
  16. Números 34:16The LORD speaks once more to Moses, now to name who would be responsible for this division of land.
  17. Números 34:17The men chiefly in charge would be Eleazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun.
  18. Números 34:18Besides these two, each tribe was to appoint its own leader to help with dividing the land.
  19. Números 34:19Caleb had already been known since the twelve spies, 38 years earlier — one of only two of that generation who lived to see the land finally divided.
  20. Números 34:20This Shemuel is not the more famous prophet and judge of the Bible — he is a different man, the leader of Simeon chosen to help divide the promised land.
  21. Números 34:21Elidad represents Benjamin on the commission that would divide the land: one leader per tribe, chosen even before the people crossed the Jordan.
  22. Números 34:22Bukki represents Dan among the twelve leaders chosen, one per tribe, to divide the land of Canaan by lot among the families of Israel.
  23. Números 34:23For the tribe of Manasseh, descended from Joseph, the one chosen was Hanniel son of Ephod.
  24. Números 34:24Kemuel leads the division of the land for Ephraim — a tribe that, together with Manasseh, descended from Joseph, but now received its portion separately.
  25. Números 34:25For the tribe of Zebulun, the leader chosen was Elizaphan son of Parnach.
  26. Números 34:26Paltiel is the one chosen from Issachar among the twelve leaders who, alongside Eleazar and Joshua, were responsible for dividing the promised land by lot.
  27. Números 34:27Ahihud, together with Asher’s leader, rounds out nearly the whole list of the twelve chosen leaders for dividing the land — only Naphtali’s is still missing to complete the group.
  28. Números 34:28For Naphtali, the last on the list, the one chosen was Pedahel son of Ammihud.
  29. Números 34:29These were the men appointed by the LORD to divide the inheritance of land among the tribes of Israel in Canaan.

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