Números 28

ARC · Chapter 28/36

1Fallou mais o Senhor a Moysés, dizendo:

2Dá ordem aos filhos de Israel, e dize-lhes: Da minha offerta, do meu manjar para as minhas offertas queimadas, do meu cheiro suave, tereis cuidado, para m'as offerecer ao seu tempo determinado.

3E dir-lhes-has: Esta é a offerta queimada que offerecereis ao Senhor: dois cordeiros d'um anno, sem mancha, cada dia, em continuo holocausto:

4Um cordeiro sacrificarás pela manhã, e o outro cordeiro sacrificarás de tarde:

5E a decima parte d'um epha de flor de farinha em offerta de manjares, misturada com a quarta parte d'um hin de azeite moido.

6Este é o holocausto continuo, instituido no monte Sinai, em cheiro suave, offerta queimada ao Senhor.

7E a sua libação será a quarta parte d'um hin para um cordeiro: no sanctuario offerecerás a libação de bebida forte ao Senhor.

8E o outro cordeiro sacrificarás de tarde, como a offerta de manjares da manhã, e como a sua libação o apparelharás em offerta queimada de cheiro suave ao Senhor.

9Porém no dia de sabbado dois cordeiros d'um anno, sem mancha, e duas decimas de flor de farinha, misturada com azeite, em offerta de manjares, com a sua libação.

10Holocausto é do sabbado em cada sabbado, além do holocausto continuo, e a sua libação.

11E nos principios dos vossos mezes offerecereis, em holocausto ao Senhor, dois bezerros e um carneiro, sete cordeiros d'um anno, sem mancha;

12E tres decimas de flor de farinha misturada com azeite, em offerta de manjares, para um bezerro; e duas decimas de flor de farinha misturada com azeite, em offerta de manjares, para um carneiro.

13E uma decima de flor de farinha misturada com azeite, em offerta de manjares, para um cordeiro: holocausto é de cheiro suave, offerta queimada ao Senhor.

14E as suas libações serão a metade d'um hin de vinho para um bezerro, e a terça parte d'um hin para um carneiro, e a quarta parte d'um hin para um cordeiro: este é o holocausto da lua nova de cada mez, segundo os mezes do anno

15Tambem um bode para expiação do peccado ao Senhor, além do holocausto continuo, com a sua libação se offerecerá.

16Porém no mez primeiro, aos quatorze dias do mez, é a paschoa do Senhor.

17E aos quinze dias do mesmo mez haverá festa: sete dias se comerão pães asmos.

18No primeiro dia haverá sancta convocação: nenhuma obra servil fareis:

19Mas offerecereis offerta queimada em holocausto ao Senhor, dois bezerros e um carneiro, e sete cordeiros d'um anno: servos-hão elles sem mancha.

20E a sua offerta de manjares será de flor de farinha misturada com azeite: offerecereis tres decimas para um bezerro, e duas decimas para um carneiro.

21Para cada cordeiro offerecereis uma decima, para cada um dos sete cordeiros;

22E um bode para expiação do peccado, para fazer expiação por vós

23Estas coisas offerecereis, além do holocausto da manhã, que é o holocausto continuo.

24Segundo este modo, cada dia offerecereis por sete dias o manjar da offerta queimada em cheiro suave ao Senhor: além do holocausto continuo se offerecerá com a sua libação.

25E no setimo dia tereis sancta convocação: nenhuma obra servil fareis.

26Similhantemente, tereis sancta convocação no dia das primicias, quando offerecerdes offerta nova de manjares ao Senhor, segundo as vossas semanas; nenhuma obra servil fareis.

27Então offerecereis ao Senhor por holocausto, em cheiro suave, dois bezerros, um carneiro e sete cordeiros d'um anno:

28E a sua offerta de manjares de flor de farinha misturada com azeite: tres decimas para um bezerro, duas decimas para um carneiro;

29Para cada cordeiro uma decima, para cada um dos sete cordeiros;

30Um bode para fazer expiação por vós.

31Além do holocausto continuo, e a sua offerta de manjares, os offerecereis (ser-vos-hão elles sem mancha) com as suas libações.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

God details the complete calendar of regular sacrifices that Israel was to offer: the daily burnt offering (morning and evening), the doubled Sabbath offering, the offerings for the beginning of each month, and the special offerings for Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread.

Explanation

This chapter functions as a detailed liturgical manual, reaffirming and systematically organizing offerings already mentioned in Exodus and Leviticus, now that Israel is about to live a more settled life in the promised land. The 'continual burnt offering' — offered every morning and every evening, every day, without exception — created a constant spiritual rhythm for the whole nation, a daily reminder of the need for atonement and of God's faithfulness. The detailed repetition of these laws, even after so much rebellion and discipline in the wilderness, shows that God continued investing in His people's life of worship, looking toward the future in the promised land rather than remaining stuck in the failure of the recent past.

Fun facts

  • The 'continual burnt offering' (tamid, in Hebrew) offered morning and evening became the basis for the schedule of Jewish prayers to this day, with the afternoon prayer (Mincha) and the morning prayer (Shacharit) symbolically originating from the timing of these daily sacrifices in the temple.
  • The amount of wine, oil, and flour specified for each type of sacrifice shows a remarkable administrative precision, suggesting that Israelite worship, though deeply spiritual, also required careful logistical planning of resources.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 28:1The LORD speaks to Moses once more, beginning a long, fixed calendar of offerings that will fill the rest of this chapter and the next.
  2. Números 28:2The instruction to the people is clear: take care to bring the food offerings to God always at the appointed time, without fail.
  3. Números 28:3This chapter lists the offerings that were to be made regularly: here, two lambs a day, one in the morning and one in the evening, every day without exception. It was the basic, ongoing rhythm of worship at the tabernacle, to which extra offerings on Sabbaths and feasts, detailed in the rest of the chapter, were added.
  4. Números 28:4The daily routine called for two fixed moments: a lamb sacrificed in the morning, another at twilight.
  5. Números 28:5Along with each lamb came a small grain offering of fine flour mixed with oil, in a standard proportion.
  6. Números 28:6This was the continual burnt offering, instituted back at Mount Sinai, repeated every day as an offering of pleasing aroma to the LORD.
  7. Números 28:7Completing the morning offering, a drink offering of strong wine was also poured out at the sanctuary itself.
  8. Números 28:8The evening lamb followed exactly the same recipe as the morning one: the same flour, the same oil, the same drink offering.
  9. Números 28:9Besides the daily offering, the Sabbath had its own extra offering, double the usual amount. This shows how each type of day — ordinary, Sabbath, new moon, feasts — had its own fixed count of offerings, forming an organized calendar of sacrifices throughout the year.
  10. Números 28:10This was the extra burnt offering set apart specifically for each Sabbath, added to the usual daily sacrifice.
  11. Números 28:11At the beginning of each month, the calendar called for a larger offering: two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs, all without blemish.
  12. Números 28:12Each of these animals came with a grain offering proportional to its size: more flour for the bull, less for the ram.
  13. Números 28:13The lambs, in turn, carried the smallest portion of flour among the three kinds of animals.
  14. Números 28:14The wine drink offerings also varied by animal: more wine for the bull, less for the ram, even less for the lamb — this was the fixed offering for every new moon of the year.
  15. Números 28:15On top of all this, a goat was offered as a sin offering, added to the usual daily sacrifice.
  16. Números 28:16The calendar then arrives at Passover, celebrated on the fourteenth day of the first month.
  17. Números 28:17Right the next day began the feast of unleavened bread, which lasted a full seven days.
  18. Números 28:18On the first of these seven days, the people were to stop all ordinary work, marking a sacred assembly.
  19. Números 28:19On that special day, the offering rose to two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs, all without blemish.
  20. Números 28:20Each animal again came with flour mixed with oil, in a larger proportion for the bull and a smaller one for the ram.
  21. Números 28:21Each of the seven lambs received its own individual portion of flour.
  22. Números 28:22A goat was also offered as a sin offering, making atonement for the people on that day.
  23. Números 28:23All these festival offerings were added on top of the morning sacrifice, which continued as usual.
  24. Números 28:24This same set of offerings was repeated every one of the seven days of the feast, always in addition to the usual daily sacrifice.
  25. Números 28:25On the seventh and final day of the feast, the same rule as the first day applied: a sacred assembly, with no ordinary work allowed.
  26. Números 28:26The calendar then moves to another important date: the day of firstfruits, when the first new grain of the harvest was offered, also marked by a sacred assembly and rest from work.
  27. Números 28:27On this day of firstfruits, the offering repeated the pattern already seen: two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs.
  28. Números 28:28Again came the flour mixed with oil, proportional to each animal, more for the bull, less for the ram.
  29. Números 28:29And each of the seven lambs received its own individual portion of flour, following the same pattern as the other feasts.
  30. Números 28:30A goat closed out this offering, making atonement for the people once again.
  31. Números 28:31As on all the other occasions, these offerings were added to the usual daily sacrifice, with animals without blemish and their respective drink offerings.

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