Números 20

ARC · Chapter 20/36

1Chegando os filhos d'Israel, toda a congregação, ao deserto de Zin, no mez primeiro, o povo ficou em Cades: e Miriam morreu ali, e ali foi sepultada.

2E não havia agua para a congregação: então se congregaram contra Moysés e contra Aarão.

3E o povo contendeu com Moysés, e fallaram, dizendo: Oxalá tivessemos expirado quando expiraram nossos irmãos perante o Senhor!

4E porque trouxestes a congregação do Senhor a este deserto, para que morramos ali, nós e os nossos animaes?

5E porque nos fizestes subir do Egypto, para nos trazer a este logar máu? logar não de semente, nem de figos, nem de vides, nem de romãs, nem d'agua para beber.

6Então Moysés e Aarão se foram de diante da congregação á porta da tenda da congregação, e se lançaram sobre os seus rostos: e a gloria do Senhor lhes appareceu.

7E o Senhor fallou a Moysés, dizendo:

8Toma a vara, e ajunta a congregação, tu e Aarão, teu irmão, e fallae á rocha perante os seus olhos, e dará a sua agua: assim lhes tirarás agua da rocha, e darás a beber á congregação e aos seus animaes.

9Então Moysés tomou a vara de diante do Senhor, como lhe tinha ordenado,

10E Moysés e Aarão congregaram a congregação diante da rocha, e disse-lhes: Ouvi agora, rebeldes, porventura tiraremos agua d'esta rocha para vós

11Então Moysés levantou a sua mão, e feriu a rocha duas vezes com a sua vara, e sairam muitas aguas; e bebeu a congregação e os seus animaes.

12E o Senhor disse a Moysés e a Aarão: Porquanto não me crestes a mim, para me sanctificar diante dos filhos de Israel, por isso não mettereis esta congregação na terra que lhes tenho dado.

13Estas são as aguas de Meribah, porque os filhos de Israel contenderam com o Senhor: e se sanctificou n'elles.

14Depois Moysés desde Cades mandou mensageiros ao rei d'Edom, dizendo: Assim diz teu irmão Israel: sabes todo o trabalho que nos sobreveiu:

15Como nossos paes desceram ao Egypto, e nós no Egypto habitámos muitos dias; e como os egypcios nos maltrataram, a nós e a nossos paes:

16E clamámos ao Senhor, e elle ouviu a nossa voz, e mandou um anjo, e nos tirou do Egypto: e eis que estamos em Cades, cidade na extremidade dos teus termos.

17Deixa-nos pois passar pela tua terra; não passaremos pelo campo, nem pelas vinhas, nem beberemos a agua dos poços: iremos pela estrada real; não nos desviaremos para a direita nem para a esquerda, até que passemos pelos teus termos.

18Porém Edom lhe disse: Não passarás por mim, para que porventura eu não saia á espada ao teu encontro.

19Então os filhos d'Israel lhe disseram: Subiremos pelo caminho egualado, e se eu e o meu gado bebermos das tuas aguas, darei o preço d'ellas: sem alguma outra coisa sómente passarei a pé

20Porém elle disse: Não passarás. E saiu-lhe Edom ao encontro com muita gente, e com mão forte.

21Assim recusou Edom deixar passar a Israel pelo seu termo: pelo que Israel se desviou d'elle.

22Então partiram de Cades: e os filhos de Israel, toda a congregação, vieram ao monte de Hor.

23E fallou o Senhor a Moysés e a Aarão no monte de Hor, nos termos da terra de Edom, dizendo:

24Aarão recolhido será a seus povos, porque não entrará na terra que tenho dado aos filhos de Israel, porquanto rebeldes fostes á minha bocca, ás aguas de Meribah.

25Toma a Aarão e a Eleazar, seu filho, e faze-os subir ao monte de Hor.

26E despe a Aarão os seus vestidos, e veste-os a Eleazar, seu filho, porque Aarão será recolhido, e morrerá ali

27Fez pois Moysés como o Senhor lhe ordenara: porque subiram ao monte de Hor perante os olhos de toda a congregação.

28E Moysés despiu a Aarão os vestidos, e os vestiu a Eleazar, seu filho; e morreu Aarão ali sobre o cume do monte; e desceram Moysés e Eleazar do monte.

29Vendo pois toda a congregação que Aarão era morto, choraram a Aarão trinta dias, toda a casa de Israel.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Miriam dies at Kadesh. The people again complain about the lack of water, and Moses, frustrated, strikes the rock twice instead of simply speaking to it as God had commanded — which costs him entry into the promised land. Edom refuses passage to Israel, and Aaron dies on Mount Hor.

Explanation

This chapter marks the end of an era: the two figures who had walked with Moses since the beginning — his sister Miriam and his brother Aaron — die, and Moses himself receives the news that he too will not enter the promised land. Moses' error seems small at first glance (striking the rock instead of simply speaking to it), but God treats it with extreme seriousness because, in front of the whole people, Moses acted out of personal anger ('hear now, you rebels') and took credit for the miracle himself ('shall we bring you water out of this rock?'), publicly distorting the image of God as gracious provider. This teaches that spiritual leaders carry an extra responsibility for how they represent God's character before others, and that even small failures of attitude can have serious consequences when committed in a position of public influence.

Fun facts

  • The site of the incident was called Meribah ('quarrel' or 'strife'), the same name given to a similar episode decades earlier at Rephidim (Exodus 17:7), suggesting that the story of complaining about water repeated itself cyclically throughout the 40 years in the wilderness.
  • Aaron's death on Mount Hor, with the public transfer of the priestly garments to his son Eleazar before the whole congregation, established a visible and orderly model of priestly succession that would prevent leadership disputes like Korah's.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 20:1The chapter takes place near the end of the forty years: the people reach the wilderness of Zin, camp at Kadesh, and it is there that Miriam dies and is buried.
  2. Números 20:2With no water available for the whole people, the congregation turns once again against Moses and Aaron.
  3. Números 20:3The people argue openly with Moses, even saying they would rather have died along with those who already died before the Lord.
  4. Números 20:4They ask why Moses brought the congregation into that wilderness, as if the intention were to let everyone die there, people and animals alike.
  5. Números 20:5The complaint echoes others already seen in the book: why bring the people out of Egypt only to lead them to a bad place, with no crops and no water to drink.
  6. Números 20:6Moses and Aaron step away from the crowd, go to the entrance of the tent of the congregation, and fall face down, and the glory of the Lord appears before them.
  7. Números 20:7The Lord speaks to Moses, beginning the instruction that would solve the problem of the lack of water.
  8. Números 20:8God tells Moses simply to speak to the rock before the people so that it would give water, without needing to strike it. It is worth noting this specific instruction, because what Moses actually does in the next verse changes the situation completely.
  9. Números 20:9Moses takes the rod from before the Lord, exactly as he had been instructed.
  10. Números 20:10Moses and Aaron gather the people before the rock, and Moses, angry, calls them all rebels before doing anything else.
  11. Números 20:11Instead of simply speaking to the rock as God had commanded, Moses strikes it twice with the rod, and even so the water gushes out abundantly for the people and the animals to drink.
  12. Números 20:12Instead of just speaking to the rock as God had commanded, Moses strikes it twice with the rod, in a gesture of anger toward the people. Because he did not follow the exact instruction and acted that way in front of everyone, both Moses and Aaron are told they will not enter the promised land — the consequence falls on both leaders, even though Aaron never struck the rock.
  13. Números 20:13That place became known as the waters of Meribah, because there the people argued with the Lord, and He still showed Himself holy among them, giving the water in spite of everything.
  14. Números 20:14Moses sends messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom, calling the neighboring people “brother” and recalling all the hardship Israel had been through.
  15. Números 20:15The message recalls the people’s history in summary: the descent into Egypt, the many years spent there, and the mistreatment suffered from the Egyptians.
  16. Números 20:16The message goes on to say that God heard the people’s cry, sent an angel, and brought them out of Egypt, and that they were now right at the border of Edom’s territory.
  17. Números 20:17Israel’s request was simple and polite: to pass through the land of Edom without touching any fields or vineyards, or drinking water from the wells, following only the main road.
  18. Números 20:18Edom answers harshly: it refuses passage, threatening to come out against Israel with swords if they insist.
  19. Números 20:19Israel tries to negotiate again, even offering to pay for any water they drank, asking only to pass through on foot without causing any harm.
  20. Números 20:20Edom repeats its refusal and even reinforces the threat, coming out against Israel with a large and powerful army.
  21. Números 20:21Faced with this final refusal, Israel gives up pressing the matter and goes around Edom’s territory by another route.
  22. Números 20:22The people set out from Kadesh and arrive at Mount Hor, where the chapter’s next major event will take place.
  23. Números 20:23The Lord speaks to Moses and Aaron at Mount Hor, right on the border with Edom, beginning the announcement of Aaron’s death.
  24. Números 20:24God explains that Aaron will die there, without entering the promised land, because of the same rebellion at the waters of Meribah that also affected Moses.
  25. Números 20:25The practical instruction is to take Aaron and his son Eleazar together up to the top of Mount Hor.
  26. Números 20:26At the top, Moses was to strip Aaron of his priestly garments and put them on Eleazar, since Aaron would die there.
  27. Números 20:27Moses carries out this instruction exactly, going up the mountain with Aaron and Eleazar before the eyes of the whole people.
  28. Números 20:28At the top of Mount Hor, Moses strips Aaron of his priestly garments and puts them on Eleazar, his son, moments before Aaron dies there. This gesture symbolized the official transfer of the high priesthood to the next generation.
  29. Números 20:29On learning that Aaron had died, the whole house of Israel mourns his loss for thirty full days.

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