Números 20

BLIVRE · Chapter 20/36

1E chegaram os filhos de Israel, toda a congregação, ao deserto de Zim, no mês primeiro, e assentou o povo em Cades; e ali morreu Miriã, e foi ali sepultada.

2E como não havia água para a congregação, juntaram-se contra Moisés e Arão.

3E brigou o povo com Moisés, e falaram dizendo: Antes que nós tivéssemos morrido quando pereceram nossos irmãos diante do SENHOR!

4E por que fizeste vir a congregação do SENHOR a este deserto, para que morramos aqui nós e nossos animais?

5E por que nos fizeste subir do Egito, para trazer-nos a este mal lugar? Não é lugar de sementeira, de figueiras, de vinhas, nem romãs: nem ainda de água para beber.

6E foram-se Moisés e Arão de diante da congregação à porta do tabernáculo do testemunho, e lançaram-se sobre seus rostos; e a glória do SENHOR apareceu sobre eles.

7E falou o SENHOR a Moisés, dizendo:

8Toma a vara e reúne a congregação, tu e Arão teu irmão, e falai à rocha em olhos deles; e ela dará sua água, e lhes tirarás águas da rocha, e darás de beber à congregação, e a seus animais.

9Então Moisés tomou a vara de diante do SENHOR, como ele lhe mandou.

10E juntaram Moisés e Arão a congregação diante da rocha, e disse-lhes: Ouvi agora, rebeldes: Faremos para vós sair águas desta rocha?

11Então levantou Moisés sua mão, e feriu a rocha com sua vara duas vezes: e saíram muitas águas, e bebeu a congregação, e seus animais.

12E o SENHOR disse a Moisés e a Arão: Porquanto não crestes em mim, para santificar-me aos olhos dos filhos de Israel, portanto, não poreis esta congregação na terra que lhes dei.

13Estas são as águas da briga, pelas quais contenderam os filhos de Israel com o SENHOR, e ele se santificou neles.

14E enviou Moisés embaixadores ao rei de Edom desde Cades: Assim diz Israel teu irmão: Tu soubeste todo o trabalho que nos veio:

15Como nossos pais desceram ao Egito, e estivemos no Egito longo tempo, e os egípcios nos maltrataram, e a nossos pais;

16E clamamos ao SENHOR, o qual ouviu nossa voz, e enviou anjo, e tirou-nos do Egito; e eis que estamos em Cades, cidade ao extremo de teus confins:

17Rogamo-te que passemos por tua terra; não passaremos por lavoura, nem por vinha, nem beberemos água de poços: pelo caminho real iremos, sem apartar-nos à direita nem à esquerda, até que havemos passado teu termo.

18E Edom lhe respondeu: Não passarás por minha terra, de outra maneira sairei contra ti armado.

19E os filhos de Israel disseram: Pelo caminho seguido iremos; e se bebermos tuas águas eu e meus gados, darei o preço delas: certamente sem fazer outra coisa, passarei de seguida.

20E ele respondeu: Não passarás. E saiu Edom contra ele com muito povo, e mão forte.

21Não quis, pois, Edom deixar passar a Israel por seu termo, e apartou-se Israel dele.

22E partidos de Cades os filhos de Israel, toda aquela congregação, vieram ao monte de Hor.

23E o SENHOR falou a Moisés e Arão no monte de Hor, nos confins da terra de Edom, dizendo:

24Arão será reunido a seus povos; pois não entrará na terra que eu dize aos filhos de Israel, porquanto fostes rebeldes a meu mandamento nas águas da briga.

25Toma a Arão e a Eleazar seu filho, e faze-os subir ao monte de Hor;

26E faze desnudar a Arão suas roupas, e viste delas a Eleazar seu filho; porque Arão será reunido a seus povos, e ali morrerá.

27E Moisés fez como o SENHOR lhe mandou: e subiram ao monte de Hor à vista de toda a congregação.

28E Moisés fez desnudar a Arão de suas roupas e vestiu-as a Eleazar seu filho: e Arão morreu ali no cume do monte: e Moisés e Eleazar desceram do monte.

29E vendo toda a congregação que Arão era morto, fizeram-lhe luto por trinta dias todas as famílias de Israel.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Miriam dies at Kadesh. The people again complain about the lack of water, and Moses, frustrated, strikes the rock twice instead of simply speaking to it as God had commanded — which costs him entry into the promised land. Edom refuses passage to Israel, and Aaron dies on Mount Hor.

Explanation

This chapter marks the end of an era: the two figures who had walked with Moses since the beginning — his sister Miriam and his brother Aaron — die, and Moses himself receives the news that he too will not enter the promised land. Moses' error seems small at first glance (striking the rock instead of simply speaking to it), but God treats it with extreme seriousness because, in front of the whole people, Moses acted out of personal anger ('hear now, you rebels') and took credit for the miracle himself ('shall we bring you water out of this rock?'), publicly distorting the image of God as gracious provider. This teaches that spiritual leaders carry an extra responsibility for how they represent God's character before others, and that even small failures of attitude can have serious consequences when committed in a position of public influence.

Fun facts

  • The site of the incident was called Meribah ('quarrel' or 'strife'), the same name given to a similar episode decades earlier at Rephidim (Exodus 17:7), suggesting that the story of complaining about water repeated itself cyclically throughout the 40 years in the wilderness.
  • Aaron's death on Mount Hor, with the public transfer of the priestly garments to his son Eleazar before the whole congregation, established a visible and orderly model of priestly succession that would prevent leadership disputes like Korah's.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 20:1The chapter takes place near the end of the forty years: the people reach the wilderness of Zin, camp at Kadesh, and it is there that Miriam dies and is buried.
  2. Números 20:2With no water available for the whole people, the congregation turns once again against Moses and Aaron.
  3. Números 20:3The people argue openly with Moses, even saying they would rather have died along with those who already died before the Lord.
  4. Números 20:4They ask why Moses brought the congregation into that wilderness, as if the intention were to let everyone die there, people and animals alike.
  5. Números 20:5The complaint echoes others already seen in the book: why bring the people out of Egypt only to lead them to a bad place, with no crops and no water to drink.
  6. Números 20:6Moses and Aaron step away from the crowd, go to the entrance of the tent of the congregation, and fall face down, and the glory of the Lord appears before them.
  7. Números 20:7The Lord speaks to Moses, beginning the instruction that would solve the problem of the lack of water.
  8. Números 20:8God tells Moses simply to speak to the rock before the people so that it would give water, without needing to strike it. It is worth noting this specific instruction, because what Moses actually does in the next verse changes the situation completely.
  9. Números 20:9Moses takes the rod from before the Lord, exactly as he had been instructed.
  10. Números 20:10Moses and Aaron gather the people before the rock, and Moses, angry, calls them all rebels before doing anything else.
  11. Números 20:11Instead of simply speaking to the rock as God had commanded, Moses strikes it twice with the rod, and even so the water gushes out abundantly for the people and the animals to drink.
  12. Números 20:12Instead of just speaking to the rock as God had commanded, Moses strikes it twice with the rod, in a gesture of anger toward the people. Because he did not follow the exact instruction and acted that way in front of everyone, both Moses and Aaron are told they will not enter the promised land — the consequence falls on both leaders, even though Aaron never struck the rock.
  13. Números 20:13That place became known as the waters of Meribah, because there the people argued with the Lord, and He still showed Himself holy among them, giving the water in spite of everything.
  14. Números 20:14Moses sends messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom, calling the neighboring people “brother” and recalling all the hardship Israel had been through.
  15. Números 20:15The message recalls the people’s history in summary: the descent into Egypt, the many years spent there, and the mistreatment suffered from the Egyptians.
  16. Números 20:16The message goes on to say that God heard the people’s cry, sent an angel, and brought them out of Egypt, and that they were now right at the border of Edom’s territory.
  17. Números 20:17Israel’s request was simple and polite: to pass through the land of Edom without touching any fields or vineyards, or drinking water from the wells, following only the main road.
  18. Números 20:18Edom answers harshly: it refuses passage, threatening to come out against Israel with swords if they insist.
  19. Números 20:19Israel tries to negotiate again, even offering to pay for any water they drank, asking only to pass through on foot without causing any harm.
  20. Números 20:20Edom repeats its refusal and even reinforces the threat, coming out against Israel with a large and powerful army.
  21. Números 20:21Faced with this final refusal, Israel gives up pressing the matter and goes around Edom’s territory by another route.
  22. Números 20:22The people set out from Kadesh and arrive at Mount Hor, where the chapter’s next major event will take place.
  23. Números 20:23The Lord speaks to Moses and Aaron at Mount Hor, right on the border with Edom, beginning the announcement of Aaron’s death.
  24. Números 20:24God explains that Aaron will die there, without entering the promised land, because of the same rebellion at the waters of Meribah that also affected Moses.
  25. Números 20:25The practical instruction is to take Aaron and his son Eleazar together up to the top of Mount Hor.
  26. Números 20:26At the top, Moses was to strip Aaron of his priestly garments and put them on Eleazar, since Aaron would die there.
  27. Números 20:27Moses carries out this instruction exactly, going up the mountain with Aaron and Eleazar before the eyes of the whole people.
  28. Números 20:28At the top of Mount Hor, Moses strips Aaron of his priestly garments and puts them on Eleazar, his son, moments before Aaron dies there. This gesture symbolized the official transfer of the high priesthood to the next generation.
  29. Números 20:29On learning that Aaron had died, the whole house of Israel mourns his loss for thirty full days.

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