Números 14

BLIVRE · Chapter 14/36

1Então toda a congregação levantaram grito, e deram vozes: e o povo chorou aquela noite.

2E queixaram-se contra Moisés e contra Arão todos os filhos de Israel; e disse-lhes toda a multidão: Melhor seria se tivéssemos morrido na terra do Egito; ou melhor seria se tivéssemos morrido neste deserto!

3E por que nos traze o SENHOR a esta terra para cair à espada e que nossas mulheres e nossos meninos sejam por presa? não nos seria melhor voltarmos ao Egito?

4E diziam um ao outro: Façamos um capitão, e voltemos ao Egito.

5Então Moisés e Arão caíram sobre seus rostos diante de toda a multidão da congregação dos filhos de Israel.

6E Josué filho de Num, e Calebe filho de Jefoné, que eram dos que haviam reconhecido a terra, rasgaram suas roupas;

7E falaram a toda a congregação dos filhos de Israel, dizendo: A terra por de onde passamos para reconhecê-la, é terra em grande maneira boa.

8Se o SENHOR se agradar de nós, ele nos porá nesta terra, e a entregará a nós; terra que flui leite e mel.

9Portanto, não sejais rebeldes contra o SENHOR, nem temais ao povo desta terra, porque nosso pão são: seu amparo se afastou deles, e conosco está o SENHOR: não os temais.

10Então toda a multidão falou de apedrejá-los com pedras. Mas a glória do SENHOR se mostrou no tabernáculo do testemunho a todos os filhos de Israel.

11E o SENHOR disse a Moisés: Até quando me há de irritar este povo? até quando não me há de crer com todos os sinais que fiz em meio deles?.

12Eu lhe ferirei de mortandade, e o destruirei, e a ti te porei sobre gente grande e mais forte que eles.

13E Moisés respondeu ao SENHOR: Logo os egípcios o ouvirão, porque do meio deles tiraste a este povo com tua força:

14E o dirão aos habitantes desta terra; os quais ouviram que tu, ó SENHOR, estavas em meio deste povo, que olho a olho aparecias tu, ó SENHOR, e que tua nuvem estava sobre eles, e que de dia ias diante deles em coluna de nuvem, e de noite em coluna de fogo.

15E que fizeste morrer a este povo como a um homem: e as nações que houverem ouvido tua fama falarão, dizendo:

16Porque não pôde o SENHOR meter este povo na terra da qual lhes havia jurado, os matou no deserto.

17Agora, pois, eu te rogo que seja engrandecida a força do Senhor, como o falaste, dizendo:

18O SENHOR, tardio de ira e grande em misericórdia, que perdoa a iniquidade e a rebelião, e deixa impune o culpado; que visita a maldade dos pais sobre os filhos até a terceira geração e até a quarta.

19Perdoa agora a iniquidade deste povo segundo a grandeza de tua misericórdia, e como perdoaste a este povo desde Egito até aqui.

20Então o SENHOR disse: Eu o perdoei conforme tu dito:

21Mas, certamente vivo eu e minha glória inche toda a terra,

22Que todos os que viram minha glória e meus sinais que fiz no Egito e no deserto, e me tentaram já dez vezes, e não ouviram minha voz,

23Não verão a terra da qual jurei a seus pais: não, nenhum dos que me irritaram a verá.

24Porém meu servo Calebe, porquanto houve nele outro espírito, e cumpriu de ir após mim, eu o porei na terra onde entrou e sua descendência a receberá em herança.

25Agora bem, os amalequitas e os cananeus habitam no vale; voltai-vos amanhã, e parti-vos ao deserto, caminho do mar Vermelho.

26E o SENHOR falou a Moisés e a Arão, dizendo:

27Até quando ouvirei esta depravada multidão que murmura contra mim, as queixas dos filhos de Israel, que de mim se queixam?

28Dize-lhes: Vivo eu, diz o SENHOR, que segundo falastes a meus ouvidos, assim farei eu convosco:

29Neste deserto cairão vossos corpos; todos vossos contados segundo toda vossa contagem, de vinte anos acima, os quais murmurastes contra mim;

30Vós à verdade não entrareis na terra, pela qual levantei minha mão de fazer-vos habitar nela; exceto a Calebe filho de Jefoné, e a Josué filho de Num.

31Mas vossos meninos, dos quais dissestes que seriam por presa, eu os introduzirei, e eles conhecerão a terra que vós desprezastes.

32E quanto a vós, vossos corpos cairão neste deserto.

33E vossos filhos andarão pastoreando no deserto quarenta anos, e eles levarão vossas prostituições, até que vossos corpos sejam consumidos no deserto.

34Conforme o número dos dias, dos quarenta dias em que reconhecestes a terra, levareis vossas iniquidades quarenta anos, ano por cada dia; e conhecereis meu castigo.

35Eu sou o SENHOR falei; assim farei a toda esta multidão perversa que se juntou contra mim; neste deserto serão consumidos, e ali morrerão.

36E os homens que Moisés enviou para reconhecer a terra, e depois de voltarem, fizeram toda a congregação murmurar contra ele, trazendo um mau relato daquela terra,

37aqueles homens que haviam falado mal da terra, morreram de praga diante do SENHOR.

38Mas Josué filho de Num, e Calebe filho de Jefoné, restaram com vida dentre aqueles homens que haviam ido a reconhecer a terra.

39E Moisés disse estas coisas a todos os filhos de Israel, e o povo ficou em muito luto.

40E levantaram-se pela manhã, e subiram ao cume do monte, dizendo: Eis-nos aqui para subir ao lugar do qual falou o SENHOR; porque pecamos.

41E disse Moisés: Por que quebrantais o dito do SENHOR? Isto tampouco vos sucederá bem.

42Não subais, porque o SENHOR não está em meio de vós, não sejais feridos diante de vossos inimigos.

43Porque os amalequitas e os cananeus estão ali diante de vós, e caireis à espada: pois porquanto vos desviastes de seguir ao SENHOR, por isso não será o SENHOR convosco.

44Todavia, se insistiram em subir por cima do monte: mas a arca da aliança do SENHOR, e Moisés, não se apartaram do meio do acampamento.

45E desceram os amalequitas e os cananeus, que habitavam naquele monte, e os feriram e os derrotaram, perseguindo-os até Hormá.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Terrified by the spies' report, the people rebel and want to return to Egypt, even considering stoning Moses. God threatens to destroy the nation, but forgives after Moses' intercession — yet decrees that generation will wander in the wilderness for 40 years until they die, except for Caleb and Joshua.

Explanation

This is one of the most dramatic turning points in the Pentateuch: the people's unbelief in response to the spies' report results in the journey's greatest consequence — 40 years of wandering in the wilderness, one year for each day the spies spent investigating the land. Moses' intercession is a powerful model of intercessory prayer: he appeals not to the people's worthiness (which they had none), but to God's character and reputation among the nations, and to His own merciful nature revealed earlier (Exodus 34:6-7). Even though God forgives the rebellion in the sense of not destroying the nation, He still maintains just consequences — forgiveness does not mean the absence of consequences. The people's later attempt to go up on their own, without God's presence, ending in defeat, reinforces that late, self-directed obedience does not replace obedience at the right time.

Fun facts

  • The formula Moses quotes to God ('slow to anger, abounding in mercy, forgiving iniquity...', v. 18) is almost identical to God's self-revelation to Moses in Exodus 34:6-7, showing that Moses literally used God's own words to appeal for mercy.
  • This episode is cited in the New Testament (Hebrews 3:16-19) as a warning about the dangers of unbelief, using the wilderness generation as a direct historical example for early Christians.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 14:1The people’s reaction to the spies’ report is immediate: the whole congregation weeps aloud, all through the night.
  2. Números 14:2The whole people turn against Moses and Aaron, going so far as to say they would rather have died in Egypt or right there in the wilderness.
  3. Números 14:3They ask why God brought them there only to die by the sword, with their wives and children becoming plunder — and conclude it would be better to go back to Egypt.
  4. Números 14:4Frightened by the spies’ report, the people go so far as to propose choosing a new leader to go back to Egypt, rejecting both Moses and God’s promise. It is the peak of the chapter’s rebellion, and the consequence follows right after: this generation will not enter the promised land.
  5. Números 14:5Faced with the general revolt, Moses and Aaron fall face down before the whole congregation.
  6. Números 14:6Joshua and Caleb, the two spies who had disagreed with the negative report, tear their clothes as a sign of protest and mourning.
  7. Números 14:7The two try to convince the people otherwise, insisting that the land they had traveled through was, in fact, excellent.
  8. Números 14:8They reinforce the promise: if the Lord is pleased with the people, He will give them this land flowing with milk and honey, exactly as promised.
  9. Números 14:9Joshua and Caleb ask the people not to rebel against God nor fear the inhabitants of the land, comparing them to something easy to overcome, since their protection had weakened and the Lord was on Israel’s side.
  10. Números 14:10Instead of listening, the people threaten to stone the two of them, but at that very moment the glory of the Lord appears visibly at the tent of the congregation, interrupting everything.
  11. Números 14:11God asks Moses how long that people will despise Him and refuse to believe, despite all the signs already done among them.
  12. Números 14:12God threatens to strike the people with a plague and start over a new nation from Moses, greater and stronger than Israel.
  13. Números 14:13Moses intervenes, reminding God that the Egyptians will hear about what happened, since it was by His power that this people came out from among them.
  14. Números 14:14He argues that the inhabitants of the region have already heard about God’s visible presence among the people, guiding them by day in a cloud and by night in a pillar of fire.
  15. Números 14:15Moses warns that if God kills the whole people at once, the other nations who have heard of His fame will talk about it.
  16. Números 14:16They will say the Lord was not able to fulfill His promise to bring that people into the land He swore to give them, and so He killed them in the wilderness — an argument appealing to God’s reputation before the other nations.
  17. Números 14:17Moses then asks that the Lord’s power be shown great, exactly as He Himself had already declared before.
  18. Números 14:18Moses quotes back to God an already-known description of the divine character: patient, merciful, forgiving, yet not simply overlooking guilt. The line about the third and fourth generation reflects the ancient idea that the consequences of wrong choices could affect a family for generations, not that children were punished for their parents’ sins.
  19. Números 14:19Moses asks for forgiveness for the people’s sin, appealing to the greatness of God’s mercy, just as He had already forgiven repeatedly since they left Egypt.
  20. Números 14:20The Lord answers directly: He grants the forgiveness asked for, exactly according to Moses’s word.
  21. Números 14:21Even while forgiving the people, God solemnly declares that, as surely as He lives, His glory will fill the whole earth.
  22. Números 14:22But He reminds them that that generation had already seen His glory and His signs in Egypt and in the wilderness, and even so tested Him ten times, without obeying.
  23. Números 14:23Because of this, none of those who defied Him will see the land promised to their ancestors.
  24. Números 14:24In the midst of announcing that that whole generation would die in the wilderness, Caleb receives a clear exception: because he had “another spirit” and trusted God when the others spied out the land in fear, he and his descendants will enter the promised land. Together with Joshua, he is proof that the punishment was not blanket and indiscriminate — it depended on how each person had responded.
  25. Números 14:25Since the Amalekites and Canaanites occupied the valley, God commands the people to turn and head into the wilderness by the way of the Red Sea, avoiding that direction for now.
  26. Números 14:26The Lord speaks once more to Moses and Aaron, beginning the final sentence against the rebellious generation.
  27. Números 14:27God asks how much longer He will put up with that evil congregation, since He has clearly heard all the people’s complaints against Him.
  28. Números 14:28The sentence comes in the form of an oath: as surely as the Lord lives, He will do exactly what the people asked for out loud.
  29. Números 14:29Everyone who was counted in the census, twenty years old and up, and who complained against God, will fall dead in that very wilderness.
  30. Números 14:30None of them will enter the promised land, except Caleb and Joshua, the only two who disagreed with the fearful report.
  31. Números 14:31As for the little children, whom the people feared would become plunder of war, they are the ones who will enter the land their parents despised.
  32. Números 14:32As for the adults of that generation, their bodies will fall and remain in that very wilderness.
  33. Números 14:33The children will spend forty years as wandering shepherds in the wilderness, bearing the weight of their parents’ unfaithfulness until the last of that adult generation dies there.
  34. Números 14:34Just as the spies spent forty days exploring the land, the people will spend forty years wandering in the wilderness, a year for each day — a kind of symmetry in the punishment. This was the consequence of believing the fearful report instead of trusting the promise.
  35. Números 14:35The Lord confirms that this sentence is final: that whole rebellious congregation will come to an end and die right there in the wilderness.
  36. Números 14:36The text returns to mention the spies who brought the negative report, the same ones who stirred up the whole congregation’s revolt against Moses.
  37. Números 14:37These spies who spread the bad report about the land die soon after, struck down by a plague before the Lord.
  38. Números 14:38Only Joshua and Caleb, the two who disagreed with the fearful report, remain alive among the original twelve spies.
  39. Números 14:39Moses relays this whole sentence to the people, and the reaction is deep mourning among the Israelites.
  40. Números 14:40The next day, early in the morning, the people decide to go up to the top of the mountain on their own, saying that now they really would go up to the promised land, acknowledging their own sin.
  41. Números 14:41Moses tries to stop them, asking why they are disobeying the Lord’s command again, warning that it would not go well.
  42. Números 14:42He warns them not to go up, because the Lord would not be with them this time, and so they would be defeated in front of their own enemies.
  43. Números 14:43Moses explains the reason: the Amalekites and Canaanites were right there ahead of them, ready to strike them down with the sword, since the people had turned away from the Lord.
  44. Números 14:44Even so, out of stubbornness, the people insist on going up to the top of the mountain alone, without the ark of the covenant or Moses, who remain in the camp.
  45. Números 14:45The result is the announced defeat: the Amalekites and Canaanites come down from the mountain and attack the people, pursuing them all the way to a place called Hormah.

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