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Números 34

BLIVRE · Chapter 34/36

1E o SENHOR falou a Moisés, dizendo:

2Manda aos filhos de Israel, e dize-lhes: Quando houverdes entrado na terra de Canaã, a saber, a terra que vos há de cair em herança, a terra de Canaã segundo seus termos;

3Tereis o lado do sul desde o deserto de Zim até os termos de Edom; e vos será o termo do sul ao extremo do mar salgado até o oriente:

4E este termo vos irá rodeando desde o sul até a subida de Acrabim, e passará até Zim; e suas saídas serão do sul a Cades-Barneia; e sairá a Hazar-Adar, e passará até Azmom;

5E rodeará este termo, desde Azmom até o ribeiro do Egito, e seus limites serão ao ocidente.

6E o termo ocidental vos será o grande mar: este termo vos será o termo ocidental.

7E o termo do norte será este: desde o grande mar vos assinalareis o monte de Hor;

8Do monte de Hor assinalareis à entrada de Hamate, e serão as saídas daquele termo a Zedade;

9E sairá este termo a Zifrom, e serão seus limites em Hazar-Enã: este vos será o termo do norte.

10E por termo ao oriente vos assinalareis desde Hazar-Enã até Sefã;

11E baixará este termo desde Sefã a Ribla, ao oriente de Aim: e descerá o termo, e chegará à costa do mar de Quinerete ao oriente;

12Depois descerá este termo ao Jordão, e serão suas saídas ao mar Salgado: esta será vossa terra: por seus termos ao redor.

13E mandou Moisés aos filhos de Israel, dizendo: Esta é a terra que herdareis por sorte, a qual mandou o SENHOR que desse às nove tribos, e à meia tribo:

14Porque a tribo dos filhos de Rúben segundo as casas de seus pais, e a tribo dos filhos de Gade segundo as casas de seus pais, e a meia tribo de Manassés, tomaram sua herança:

15Duas tribos e meia tomaram sua herança desta parte do Jordão de Jericó ao oriente, ao oriente.

16E falou o SENHOR a Moisés, dizendo:

17Estes são os nomes dos homens que vos possuirão a terra: Eleazar o sacerdote, e Josué filho de Num.

18Tomareis também de cada tribo um príncipe, para dar a possessão da terra.

19E estes são os nomes dos homens: Da tribo de Judá, Calebe filho de Jefoné.

20E da tribo dos filhos de Simeão, Samuel filho de Amiúde.

21Da tribo de Benjamim; Elidade filho de Quislom.

22E da tribo dos filhos de Dã, o príncipe Buqui filho de Jogli.

23Dos filhos de José: da tribo dos filhos de Manassés, o príncipe Haniel filho de Éfode.

24E da tribo dos filhos de Efraim, o príncipe Quemuel filho de Siftã.

25E da tribo dos filhos de Zebulom, o príncipe Elizafã filho de Parnaque.

26E da tribo dos filhos de Issacar, o príncipe Paltiel filho de Azã.

27E da tribo dos filhos de Aser, o príncipe Aiúde filho de Selomi.

28E da tribo dos filhos de Naftali, o príncipe Pedael filho de Amiúde.

29Estes são aos que mandou o SENHOR que fizessem a partição da herança aos filhos de Israel na terra de Canaã.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

God precisely defines the geographic boundaries of the land of Canaan that Israel was to occupy, and names the specific leaders of each tribe (except Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh) responsible for overseeing the division of the land by lot.

Explanation

The detailed description of the boundaries — from the southern desert to Mount Hor in the north, from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Jordan in the east — shows that the promise of the land was not a vague idea, but a concrete, defined geographic reality that the people could verify and claim specifically. The appointment of specific leaders from each tribe to oversee the division by lot (not by arbitrary human choice) sought to ensure a fair process that was perceived as coming directly from God's will, avoiding territorial disputes among the tribes. This reflects an important principle: spiritual promises can and should also have practical, organized application in the real life of the community.

Fun facts

  • The boundaries described here correspond roughly to the territorial extent that archaeologists and historians identify as the historical core of Israel and Judah in the Iron Age, even though effective political control of these full boundaries was rarely achieved completely throughout biblical history.
  • The system of dividing the land 'by lot' (v. 13), but weighted by the size of each tribe (Numbers 26:54), combined an element of trust in divine providence with a principle of proportional justice — neither pure random chance nor pure calculated human decision.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 34:1The LORD speaks once more to Moses, now to define precisely the exact borders of the promised land.
  2. Números 34:2Before entering the land, God defines exactly what the borders of Canaan would be: how far it extended to the south, north, east, and west. It is a practical geographic description, establishing the limits the tribes were to occupy once they arrived.
  3. Números 34:3The southern border would run from the wilderness of Zin along the edge of Edom, starting at the end of the Salt Sea and heading eastward.
  4. Números 34:4This southern line would curve around the ascent of Akrabbim, pass through Zin, go down near Kadesh-barnea, continue to Hazar-addar, and reach Azmon.
  5. Números 34:5From Azmon, the border would continue to the brook of Egypt, ending at the sea.
  6. Números 34:6The western border would simply be the Great Sea, that is, the Mediterranean, serving as a natural boundary.
  7. Números 34:7The northern border would begin at the Great Sea and run to Mount Hor.
  8. Números 34:8From Mount Hor, the line would continue to the entrance of Hamath, ending at Zedad.
  9. Números 34:9This northern border would continue to Ziphron, ending at Hazar-enan.
  10. Números 34:10The eastern border would begin at Hazar-enan and run to Shepham.
  11. Números 34:11It would go down from Shepham to Riblah, east of Ain, and then continue down along the eastern shore of the Sea of Chinnereth.
  12. Números 34:12Finally, the border would go down following the Jordan, ending at the Salt Sea — closing the entire outline of the promised land.
  13. Números 34:13Moses passes this description on to the people, explaining that this is the land that would be divided by lot among the nine and a half tribes that had not yet received their portion.
  14. Números 34:14He reminds them that Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had already received their inheritance earlier, on the other side of the Jordan.
  15. Números 34:15These two and a half tribes were already settled on the east side, leaving only the rest of the territory of Canaan to be divided among the others.
  16. Números 34:16The LORD speaks once more to Moses, now to name who would be responsible for this division of land.
  17. Números 34:17The men chiefly in charge would be Eleazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun.
  18. Números 34:18Besides these two, each tribe was to appoint its own leader to help with dividing the land.
  19. Números 34:19Caleb had already been known since the twelve spies, 38 years earlier — one of only two of that generation who lived to see the land finally divided.
  20. Números 34:20This Shemuel is not the more famous prophet and judge of the Bible — he is a different man, the leader of Simeon chosen to help divide the promised land.
  21. Números 34:21Elidad represents Benjamin on the commission that would divide the land: one leader per tribe, chosen even before the people crossed the Jordan.
  22. Números 34:22Bukki represents Dan among the twelve leaders chosen, one per tribe, to divide the land of Canaan by lot among the families of Israel.
  23. Números 34:23For the tribe of Manasseh, descended from Joseph, the one chosen was Hanniel son of Ephod.
  24. Números 34:24Kemuel leads the division of the land for Ephraim — a tribe that, together with Manasseh, descended from Joseph, but now received its portion separately.
  25. Números 34:25For the tribe of Zebulun, the leader chosen was Elizaphan son of Parnach.
  26. Números 34:26Paltiel is the one chosen from Issachar among the twelve leaders who, alongside Eleazar and Joshua, were responsible for dividing the promised land by lot.
  27. Números 34:27Ahihud, together with Asher’s leader, rounds out nearly the whole list of the twelve chosen leaders for dividing the land — only Naphtali’s is still missing to complete the group.
  28. Números 34:28For Naphtali, the last on the list, the one chosen was Pedahel son of Ammihud.
  29. Números 34:29These were the men appointed by the LORD to divide the inheritance of land among the tribes of Israel in Canaan.

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