Números 13

BLIVRE · Chapter 13/36

1E o SENHOR falou a Moisés, dizendo:

2“Envia homens que reconheçam a terra de Canaã, a qual eu dou aos filhos de Israel; de cada tribo de seus pais enviareis um homem, cada um líder entre eles.”

3E Moisés os enviou desde o deserto de Parã, conforme a palavra do SENHOR; e todos aqueles homens eram líderes dos filhos de Israel.

4Os nomes dos quais são estes: da tribo de Rúben, Samua, filho de Zacur.

5Da tribo de Simeão, Safate, filho de Hori.

6Da tribo de Judá, Calebe, filho de Jefoné.

7Da tribo de Issacar, Jigeal, filho de José.

8Da tribo de Efraim, Oseias, filho de Num.

9Da tribo de Benjamim, Palti, filho de Rafu.

10Da tribo de Zebulom, Gadiel, filho de Sodi.

11Da tribo de José: pela tribo de Manassés, Gadi, filho de Susi.

12Da tribo de Dã, Amiel, filho de Gemali.

13Da tribo de Aser, Setur, filho de Micael.

14Da tribo de Naftali, Nabi, filho de Vofsi.

15Da tribo de Gade, Guel, filho de Maqui.

16Estes são os nomes dos homens que Moisés enviou para reconhecer a terra; e a Oseias, filho de Num, Moisés lhe pôs o nome de Josué.

17Então Moisés os enviou para reconhecer a terra de Canaã, dizendo-lhes: “Subi por aqui, pelo sul, e subi ao monte:

18e observai a terra que tal é; e o povo que a habita, se é forte ou débil, se pouco ou numeroso;

19qual é a terra habitada, se é boa ou má; e quais são as cidades habitadas, se de tendas ou de fortalezas;

20e qual é o terreno, se é fértil ou fraco, se nele há ou não árvores; esforçai-vos, e colhei do fruto daquela terra.” E o tempo era o tempo das primeiras uvas.

21E eles subiram, e reconheceram a terra desde o deserto de Zim até Reobe, entrando em Hamate.

22E subiram pelo sul, e vieram até Hebrom: e ali estavam Aimã, e Sesai, e Talmai, filhos de Anaque. Hebrom foi edificada sete anos antes de Zoã, a do Egito.

23E chegaram até o ribeiro de Escol, e dali cortaram um ramo com um cacho de uvas, o qual trouxeram dois em uma vara, e das romãs e dos figos.

24E chamou-se aquele lugar vale de Escol pelo cacho que cortaram dali os filhos de Israel.

25E voltaram de reconhecer a terra ao fim de quarenta dias.

26E andaram e vieram a Moisés e a Arão, e a toda a congregação dos filhos de Israel, no deserto de Parã, em Cades, e deram-lhes a resposta, e a toda a congregação, e lhes mostraram o fruto da terra.

27E lhe contaram, e disseram: Nós chegamos à terra à qual nos enviaste, a que certamente flui leite e mel; e este é o fruto dela.

28Mas o povo que habita aquela terra é forte, e as cidades muito grandes e fortes; e também vimos ali os filhos de Anaque.

29Amaleque habita a terra do sul; e os heteus, e os jebuseus, e os amorreus, habitam no monte; e os cananeus habitam junto ao mar, e à beira do Jordão.

30Então Calebe fez calar o povo diante de Moisés, e disse: Subamos logo, e passemos a ela; que mais poderemos que ela.

31Mas os homens que subiram com ele, disseram: Não poderemos subir contra aquele povo; porque é mais forte que nós.

32E falaram mal entre os filhos de Israel da terra que haviam reconhecido, dizendo: A terra por de onde passamos para reconhecê-la, é terra que consome a seus moradores; e todo o povo que vimos em meio dela, são homens de grande estatura.

33Também vimos ali gigantes, filhos de Anaque, raça dos gigantes: e éramos nós, à nossa aparência, como gafanhotos; e assim lhes parecíamos a eles.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Twelve spies, one from each tribe, are sent to scout the land of Canaan. After 40 days, they return confirming that the land is fertile, but ten of them spread fear about the strong inhabitants and walled cities, while Caleb insists that the people can conquer it.

Explanation

This is a decisive moment in Israel's history: the spies had the same factual information (a good land, but strong peoples), yet radically different interpretations — ten saw only obstacles, while Caleb and later Joshua saw the same reality through the lens of God's promise and power. This illustrates a central spiritual truth: faith does not mean ignoring hard facts, but trusting that God is greater than them. The spies' exaggerated comparison, feeling 'like grasshoppers' before the inhabitants, reveals how fear distorts both self-perception and perception of the situation. The application for today: facing real challenges, the difference between giving up and moving forward often lies in the perspective of faith, not in the absence of genuine difficulties.

Fun facts

  • It was in this chapter that Moses changed the name of Hoshea, son of Nun, to Joshua (Yehoshua, 'the LORD saves') — the same name that, in Greek, becomes 'Jesus' (Iesous), a connection noted by many Christian commentators.
  • The mention of the 'sons of Anak' (descendants of giants) in Hebron is archaeologically confirmed as a very ancient and fortified city, continuously occupied since at least 3000 BC, which explains the spies' genuine fear before its walls.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 13:1The Lord speaks to Moses to begin one of the most decisive missions in the book: sending spies to explore the promised land.
  2. Números 13:2The command is clear: send one man from each tribe, all recognized leaders, to spy out the land of Canaan before the people enter it.
  3. Números 13:3Moses sends the twelve men from the wilderness of Paran, following the Lord’s command; all of them were recognized chiefs among the tribes of Israel.
  4. Números 13:4For Reuben goes Shammua son of Zaccur, opening the list of the twelve chosen spies.
  5. Números 13:5Shaphat is one of the twelve spies sent to Canaan, one per tribe. He and nine others would return with a discouraging report, unlike Caleb and Joshua’s — and that would cost the people forty years in the wilderness.
  6. Números 13:6For Judah goes Caleb son of Jephunneh — a name that will become central to the chapter’s outcome.
  7. Números 13:7This “son of Joseph” is not the patriarch from Egypt — it is simply the name of Igal’s father. He is one of the twelve spies, and would be among the ten who brought back the report that frightened the people.
  8. Números 13:8For Ephraim goes Oshea son of Nun — another name that will carry special weight later on.
  9. Números 13:9Palti represents Benjamin among the twelve spies sent to Canaan. Like most of them, his report would reinforce the people’s fear, unlike the optimism of Caleb and Joshua.
  10. Números 13:10Gaddiel is the spy chosen by Zebulun. Along with nine colleagues, he would see the good land and still recommend not entering it — a decision that cost an entire generation.
  11. Números 13:11For the tribe of Manasseh, a descendant of Joseph, goes Gaddi son of Susi.
  12. Números 13:12Ammiel represents the tribe of Dan among the twelve spies sent by Moses to Canaan, each one a head of his tribe — but that would not be enough to give the group courage.
  13. Números 13:13Sethur is the spy from Asher. Of the twelve sent to Canaan, only Caleb and Joshua would return confident; Sethur would be among the ten who spread fear through the camp.
  14. Números 13:14Nahbi represents Naphtali among the twelve spies — only one is left on the list, the one from Gad, to complete the twelve tribes sent to spy out Canaan.
  15. Números 13:15For Gad goes Geuel son of Machi, closing out the list of the twelve representatives.
  16. Números 13:16The text closes the list by noting that Moses changes Oshea’s name to Joshua — a name change that will follow this man for the rest of the Bible.
  17. Números 13:17Moses gives the spies precise instructions: go up first through the Negev, in the south, and then continue into the hill country.
  18. Números 13:18They were to observe what the land and the people living in it were like: whether they were strong or weak, few or many.
  19. Números 13:19They were also to note whether the land was good or bad, and what the cities were like: open like camps or fortified like strongholds.
  20. Números 13:20Moses also asks them to bring back samples of the land’s fruit, and the text notes that it happened to be the season of the first ripe grapes.
  21. Números 13:21The spies carry out the mission, traveling the length of the land from the wilderness of Zin to Rehob, near the entrance of Hamath.
  22. Números 13:22Going up through the south, they reach Hebron, where descendants of giants lived; the text also notes, in passing, that Hebron was older than a famous Egyptian city.
  23. Números 13:23The spies bring back a cluster of grapes so large it had to be carried by two men on a pole, along with pomegranates and figs. This concrete sample proved the land really was fertile, exactly as God had promised — the problem would not be the quality of the land, but the people’s fear in the face of it.
  24. Números 13:24That place came to be called the valley of Eshcol precisely because of the cluster of grapes the spies cut there.
  25. Números 13:25After forty days traveling through the land, the spies finally return from the mission.
  26. Números 13:26They return to Kadesh, in the wilderness of Paran, and present the report to Moses, Aaron, and the whole congregation, showing the fruit they had brought.
  27. Números 13:27The report confirms the promise: the land really is fertile, a land flowing with milk and honey, as the very fruit brought back proves.
  28. Números 13:28But the report already comes with a troubling qualification: the people living there are strong, the cities are large and fortified, and there are giants among them.
  29. Números 13:29The spies go on to detail who occupied each region of the land: Amalekites in the south, Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites in the hill country, and Canaanites near the sea and along the Jordan.
  30. Números 13:30Caleb tries to calm the people before Moses, insisting they should go up and take the land, confident they would be able to conquer it.
  31. Números 13:31But the other spies openly disagree, saying they would not be able to face that people, who were too strong for them.
  32. Números 13:32These same spies spread a bad report about the land, saying it devours those who live in it and that all its inhabitants were of enormous size.
  33. Números 13:33The spies describe the inhabitants of Canaan as giants, descendants of Anak, and say they felt like grasshoppers next to them. It is an exaggerated account born of fear, not an objective fact — ten of the twelve spies use this exaggeration to convince the people to give up on the land, while Joshua and Caleb disagree.

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