Josué 9

ARC · Chapter 9/24

1E succedeu que, ouvindo isto todos os reis, que estavam d'áquem do Jordão, nas montanhas, e nas campinas, em toda a costa do grande mar, em frente do Libano, os hetheos, e os amorrheos, os cananeos, os pherezeos, os heveos, e os jebuseos,

2Se ajuntaram elles de commum accordo, para pelejar contra Josué e contra Israel.

3E os moradores de Gibeon ouvindo o que Josué fizera com Jericó e com Hai,

4Usaram tambem d'astucia, e foram e se fingiram embaixadores: e tomaram saccos velhos sobre os seus jumentos, e odres de vinho velhos, e rotos, e remendados;

5E nos seus pés sapatos velhos e manchados, e vestidos velhos sobre si: e todo o pão que traziam para o caminho era secco e bolorento.

6E vieram a Josué, ao arraial, a Gilgal, e lhe disseram, a elle e aos homens d'Israel: Vimos d'uma terra distante; fazei pois agora concerto comnosco.

7E os homens d'Israel responderam aos heveos: Porventura habitaes no meio de nós; como pois faremos concerto comvosco?

8Então disseram a Josué: Nós somos teus servos. E disse-lhes Josué: Quem sois vós, e d'onde vindes?

9E lhe responderam: Teus servos vieram d'uma terra mui distante, por causa do nome do Senhor teu Deus: porquanto ouvimos a sua fama, e tudo quanto fez no Egypto;

10E tudo quanto fez aos dois reis dos amorrheos, que estavam d'além do Jordão, a Sehon rei de Hesbon, e a Og, rei de Basan, que estava em Astaroth.

11Pelo que nossos anciãos e todos os moradores da nossa terra nos fallaram, dizendo: Tomae comvosco em vossas mãos provisão para o caminho, e ide-lhes ao encontro: e dizei-lhes: Nós somos vossos servos; fazei pois agora concerto comnosco.

12Este nosso pão tomámos quente das nossas casas para nossa provisão, no dia em que saimos para vir a vós: e eil-o aqui agora já secco e bolorento:

13E estes odres, que enchemos de vinho, eram novos, e eil-os aqui já rotos: e estes nossos vestidos e nossos sapatos já se teem envelhecido, por causa do mui longo caminho.

14Então aquelles homens tomaram da sua provisão: e não pediram conselho á bocca do Senhor.

15E Josué fez paz com elles, e fez um concerto com elles, que lhes daria a vida: e os principes da congregação lhes prestaram juramento.

16E succedeu que, ao fim de tres dias, depois de fazerem concerto com elles, ouviram que eram seus visinhos, e que moravam no meio d'elles.

17Porque, partindo os filhos de Israel, chegaram ás suas cidades ao terceiro dia: e suas cidades eram Gibeon, e Cefira, e Beeroth, e Kiriath-jearim.

18E os filhos de Israel os não feriram; porquanto os principes da congregação lhes juraram pelo Senhor Deus de Israel: pelo que toda a congregação murmurava contra os principes.

19Então todos os principes disseram a toda a congregação: Nós jurámos-lhes pelo Senhor Deus de Israel: pelo que não podemos tocal-os.

20Isto, porém, lhes faremos: dar-lhes-hemos a vida; para que não haja grande ira sobre nós, por causa do juramento que já lhes temos jurado.

21Disseram-lhes pois os principes: Vivam, e sejam rachadores de lenha e tiradores de agua para toda a congregação, como os principes lhes teem dito.

22E Josué os chamou, e fallou-lhes dizendo: Porque nos enganastes, dizendo: Mui longe de vós habitamos, morando vós no meio de nós?

23Agora pois sereis malditos: e d'entre vós não deixará de haver servos, nem rachadores de lenha, nem tiradores de agua, para a casa do meu Deus.

24Então responderam a Josué, e disserem: Porquanto com certeza foi annunciado aos teus servos que o Senhor teu Deus ordenou a Moysés, seu servo, que a vós daria toda esta terra, e destruiria todos os moradores da terra diante de vós, tememos muito por nossas vidas por causa de vós; por isso fizemos assim

25E eis que agora estamos na tua mão: faze aquillo que te pareça bom e recto que se nos faça.

26Assim pois lhes fez: e livrou-os das mãos dos filhos de Israel, e não os mataram.

27E, n'aquelle dia, Josué os deu como rachadores de lenha e tiradores de agua para a congregação e para o altar do Senhor, até ao dia de hoje, no logar que escolhesse.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The Gibeonites trick Joshua into thinking they come from a distant land, and Israel makes a peace treaty with them without consulting God. Upon discovering the deception, Israel spares their lives but makes them servants.

Explanation

The Gibeonites use worn-out clothes and moldy bread to fake a long journey, playing on Israel's fear of making a treaty with neighboring peoples marked for destruction. Israel's central mistake is deciding quickly 'without asking counsel at the mouth of the Lord' (v.14), showing how important decisions made only on appearances, without seeking divine guidance, bring lasting consequences. Even though deceived, Israel honors the oath made in the Lord's name, teaching that promises made with integrity must be kept even when we discover we were fooled.

Fun facts

  • Gibeon later became an important city, and centuries afterward Solomon offers sacrifices there before receiving wisdom from God (1 Kings 3:4-5).
  • The Gibeonites, made 'hewers of wood and drawers of water,' became tied to temple service, a role that echoes centuries later in the function of the temple servants mentioned in Ezra.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Josué 9:1News of Israel’s victories spreads quickly, and the Canaanite kings throughout the region decide to band together against the people before being attacked one by one.
  2. Josué 9:2For the first time since Israel’s arrival, several enemy kings join together in a military alliance for the sole purpose of confronting the people.
  3. Josué 9:3The inhabitants of Gibeon, knowing what happened to Jericho and Ai, realize that resisting by force will not work and choose a different path.
  4. Josué 9:4Instead of fighting, the Gibeonites set up a disguise: they dress as travelers worn out from a long journey, using sacks and wineskins deliberately worn out.
  5. Josué 9:5The disguise is elaborate: worn-out sandals, old clothes, and even the bread they bring looks months old from traveling, even though Gibeon is quite close by.
  6. Josué 9:6The Gibeonites arrive at the camp at Gilgal pretending to come from a very distant land, and immediately ask for a peace treaty with Israel.
  7. Josué 9:7The Israelites are suspicious right away: if these men live nearby, how could they make a peace treaty with them, since the order was to destroy the neighboring peoples?
  8. Josué 9:8The Gibeonites insist, declaring themselves servants of Israel, and Joshua asks who they are and where they really come from.
  9. Josué 9:9They lie, saying they came from a very distant country solely because of the fame of the God of Israel and the things He did in Egypt.
  10. Josué 9:10They also mention the victories over kings Sihon and Og, showing they already knew Israel’s recent history well.
  11. Josué 9:11They claim that their own elders sent them to make this agreement, bringing food for the journey as proof of the distance traveled.
  12. Josué 9:12They show the bread, which they claim came out of their houses hot, but which is now dry and moldy, as staged proof of the long journey.
  13. Josué 9:13They also show the wineskins, which they swear are new but already appear torn, along with clothes and sandals worn out by the “journey.”
  14. Josué 9:14The leaders of Israel eat the Gibeonites’ bread without first asking counsel from God about the agreement — that is the mistake the text points out, not the fact that they were deceived. The note that they did not ask counsel of the Lord works as a lesson about decisions made too quickly.
  15. Josué 9:15Convinced by the act, Joshua makes a peace treaty with them, guaranteeing the Gibeonites’ lives, and the leaders of the congregation confirm the oath.
  16. Josué 9:16Only three days later does the truth come out: the Gibeonites actually lived very close by, practically neighbors of Israel.
  17. Josué 9:17The people confirm this when they reach the Gibeonites’ cities, which were only a few days’ journey away, not from the other side of the world.
  18. Josué 9:18Even after discovering the trick, Israel does not attack the Gibeonites, because an oath sworn in the name of God cannot be broken — and this stirs up resentment among the people.
  19. Josué 9:19The leaders explain to the crowd that the oath sworn in the name of the Lord binds them to spare the Gibeonites, even though they were deceived.
  20. Josué 9:20The solution is to keep the promise to the letter, so as not to bring greater punishment on the people for breaking a sacred oath.
  21. Josué 9:21Instead of death, the Gibeonites receive a lesser punishment: becoming laborers, cutting wood and drawing water for the whole community.
  22. Josué 9:22Joshua confronts the Gibeonites, asking why they lied about living far away when they actually lived very close.
  23. Josué 9:23Even though deceived, the Israelites remain bound by the oath sworn in the name of the Lord, and the solution found is to put the Gibeonites into permanent servitude, cutting wood and carrying water for the altar. It is a middle ground: the people do not die, but they are not free either, showing how much weight an oath carried in that culture.
  24. Josué 9:24The Gibeonites explain the reason for the deception: they had heard that God had commanded the destruction of all the inhabitants of the land, and they lied out of fear of dying.
  25. Josué 9:25They place themselves in Joshua’s hands, saying they will accept whatever decision he considers right and good.
  26. Josué 9:26Joshua keeps the agreement and protects the Gibeonites from destruction, even knowing about the deception.
  27. Josué 9:27So the Gibeonites remain permanently responsible for service tasks for the people and for the altar of the Lord.

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