Josué 9

BLIVRE · Chapter 9/24

1E aconteceu que quando ouviram estas coisas todos os reis que estavam desta parte do Jordão, tanto nas montanhas como nas planícies, e em toda a costa do grande mar diante do Líbano, os heteus, amorreus, cananeus, perizeus, heveus, e jebuseus;

2Juntaram-se em unidade, de um acordo, para lutar contra Josué e Israel.

3Mas os moradores de Gibeão, quando ouviram o que Josué havia feito a Jericó e a Ai,

4Eles usaram também de astúcia; pois foram e fingiram-se embaixadores, e tomaram sacos anciãos sobre seus asnos, e odres anciãos de vinho, rasgados e remendados,

5E sapatos velhos e remendados em seus pés, com roupas velhas sobre si; e todo aquele pão que traziam para o caminho, seco e mofado.

6Assim vieram a Josué ao acampamento em Gilgal, e disseram-lhe a ele e aos de Israel: Nós viemos da terra muito distante: fazei, pois, agora conosco aliança.

7E os de Israel responderam aos heveus: Talvez vós habiteis em meio de nós: como pois poderemos nós fazer aliança convosco?

8E eles responderam a Josué: Nós somos teus servos. E Josué lhes disse: Quem sois vós e de onde vindes?

9E eles responderam: Teus servos vieram de muito distantes terras, pela fama do SENHOR teu Deus; porque ouvimos sua fama, e todas as coisas que fez em Egito,

10E tudo o que fez aos dois reis dos amorreus que estavam da outra parte do Jordão; a Seom rei de Hesbom, e a Ogue rei de Basã, que estava em Astarote.

11Pelo qual nossos anciãos e todos os moradores de nossa terra nos disseram: Tomai em vossas mãos provisão para o caminho, e ide ao encontro deles, e dizei-lhes: Nós somos vossos servos, e fazei agora conosco aliança.

12Este nosso pão tomamos quente de nossas casas para o caminho o dia que saímos para vir a vós; e ei-lo aqui agora que está seco e mofado:

13Estes odres de vinho também os enchemos novos; ei-los aqui já rasgados: também estes nossas roupas e nossos sapatos estão já velhos por causa do muito longo caminho.

14E os homens de Israel tomaram de sua provisão do caminho, e não perguntaram à boca do SENHOR.

15E Josué fez paz com eles, e estabeleceu com eles que lhes deixaria a vida: também os príncipes da congregação lhes juraram.

16Passados três dias depois que fizeram com eles o concerto, ouviram como eram seus vizinhos, e que habitavam em meio deles.

17E partiram-se os filhos de Israel, e ao terceiro dia chegaram a suas cidades: e suas cidades eram Gibeão, Quefira, Beerote, e Quiriate-Jearim.

18E não os feriram os filhos de Israel, porquanto os príncipes da congregação lhes haviam jurado pelo SENHOR o Deus de Israel. E toda a congregação murmurava contra os príncipes.

19Mas todos os príncipes responderam a toda a congregação: Nós lhes juramos pelo SENHOR Deus de Israel; portanto, agora não lhes podemos tocar.

20Isto faremos com eles: lhes deixaremos viver, para que não venha ira sobre nós por causa do juramento que lhes fizemos.

21E os príncipes lhes disseram: Vivam; mas sejam lenhadores e carregadores de água para toda a congregação, como os príncipes lhes disseram.

22E chamando-os Josué, lhes falou dizendo: Por que nos enganastes, dizendo, Habitamos muito longe de vós; uma vez que morais em meio de nós?

23Vós pois agora sois malditos, e não faltará de vós servo, e quem corte a lenha e tire a água para a casa de meu Deus.

24E eles responderam a Josué, e disseram: Quando foi dado a entender a teus servos, que o SENHOR teu Deus havia mandado a Moisés seu servo que vos havia de dar toda a terra, e que havia de destruir todos os moradores da terra diante de vós, por isto temos muito medo de vós por nossas vidas, e fizemos isto.

25Agora pois, eis-nos aqui em tua mão; o que te parecer bom e correto fazer de nós, faze-o.

26E ele o fez assim; que os livrou da mão dos filhos de Israel, para que não os matassem.

27E constituiu-os Josué aquele dia por lenhadores e carregadores de água para a congregação e para o altar do SENHOR, no lugar que ele escolhesse: o que são até hoje.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The Gibeonites trick Joshua into thinking they come from a distant land, and Israel makes a peace treaty with them without consulting God. Upon discovering the deception, Israel spares their lives but makes them servants.

Explanation

The Gibeonites use worn-out clothes and moldy bread to fake a long journey, playing on Israel's fear of making a treaty with neighboring peoples marked for destruction. Israel's central mistake is deciding quickly 'without asking counsel at the mouth of the Lord' (v.14), showing how important decisions made only on appearances, without seeking divine guidance, bring lasting consequences. Even though deceived, Israel honors the oath made in the Lord's name, teaching that promises made with integrity must be kept even when we discover we were fooled.

Fun facts

  • Gibeon later became an important city, and centuries afterward Solomon offers sacrifices there before receiving wisdom from God (1 Kings 3:4-5).
  • The Gibeonites, made 'hewers of wood and drawers of water,' became tied to temple service, a role that echoes centuries later in the function of the temple servants mentioned in Ezra.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Josué 9:1News of Israel’s victories spreads quickly, and the Canaanite kings throughout the region decide to band together against the people before being attacked one by one.
  2. Josué 9:2For the first time since Israel’s arrival, several enemy kings join together in a military alliance for the sole purpose of confronting the people.
  3. Josué 9:3The inhabitants of Gibeon, knowing what happened to Jericho and Ai, realize that resisting by force will not work and choose a different path.
  4. Josué 9:4Instead of fighting, the Gibeonites set up a disguise: they dress as travelers worn out from a long journey, using sacks and wineskins deliberately worn out.
  5. Josué 9:5The disguise is elaborate: worn-out sandals, old clothes, and even the bread they bring looks months old from traveling, even though Gibeon is quite close by.
  6. Josué 9:6The Gibeonites arrive at the camp at Gilgal pretending to come from a very distant land, and immediately ask for a peace treaty with Israel.
  7. Josué 9:7The Israelites are suspicious right away: if these men live nearby, how could they make a peace treaty with them, since the order was to destroy the neighboring peoples?
  8. Josué 9:8The Gibeonites insist, declaring themselves servants of Israel, and Joshua asks who they are and where they really come from.
  9. Josué 9:9They lie, saying they came from a very distant country solely because of the fame of the God of Israel and the things He did in Egypt.
  10. Josué 9:10They also mention the victories over kings Sihon and Og, showing they already knew Israel’s recent history well.
  11. Josué 9:11They claim that their own elders sent them to make this agreement, bringing food for the journey as proof of the distance traveled.
  12. Josué 9:12They show the bread, which they claim came out of their houses hot, but which is now dry and moldy, as staged proof of the long journey.
  13. Josué 9:13They also show the wineskins, which they swear are new but already appear torn, along with clothes and sandals worn out by the “journey.”
  14. Josué 9:14The leaders of Israel eat the Gibeonites’ bread without first asking counsel from God about the agreement — that is the mistake the text points out, not the fact that they were deceived. The note that they did not ask counsel of the Lord works as a lesson about decisions made too quickly.
  15. Josué 9:15Convinced by the act, Joshua makes a peace treaty with them, guaranteeing the Gibeonites’ lives, and the leaders of the congregation confirm the oath.
  16. Josué 9:16Only three days later does the truth come out: the Gibeonites actually lived very close by, practically neighbors of Israel.
  17. Josué 9:17The people confirm this when they reach the Gibeonites’ cities, which were only a few days’ journey away, not from the other side of the world.
  18. Josué 9:18Even after discovering the trick, Israel does not attack the Gibeonites, because an oath sworn in the name of God cannot be broken — and this stirs up resentment among the people.
  19. Josué 9:19The leaders explain to the crowd that the oath sworn in the name of the Lord binds them to spare the Gibeonites, even though they were deceived.
  20. Josué 9:20The solution is to keep the promise to the letter, so as not to bring greater punishment on the people for breaking a sacred oath.
  21. Josué 9:21Instead of death, the Gibeonites receive a lesser punishment: becoming laborers, cutting wood and drawing water for the whole community.
  22. Josué 9:22Joshua confronts the Gibeonites, asking why they lied about living far away when they actually lived very close.
  23. Josué 9:23Even though deceived, the Israelites remain bound by the oath sworn in the name of the Lord, and the solution found is to put the Gibeonites into permanent servitude, cutting wood and carrying water for the altar. It is a middle ground: the people do not die, but they are not free either, showing how much weight an oath carried in that culture.
  24. Josué 9:24The Gibeonites explain the reason for the deception: they had heard that God had commanded the destruction of all the inhabitants of the land, and they lied out of fear of dying.
  25. Josué 9:25They place themselves in Joshua’s hands, saying they will accept whatever decision he considers right and good.
  26. Josué 9:26Joshua keeps the agreement and protects the Gibeonites from destruction, even knowing about the deception.
  27. Josué 9:27So the Gibeonites remain permanently responsible for service tasks for the people and for the altar of the Lord.

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