Josué 20

BLIVRE · Chapter 20/24

1E falou o SENHOR a Josué, dizendo:

2Fala aos filhos de Israel, dizendo: Assinalai-vos as cidades de refúgio, das quais eu vos falei por Moisés;

3Para que se acolha ali o homicida que matar a alguém por acidente e não de propósito; que vos sejam por refúgio do vingador do morto.

4E o que se refugiar a alguma daquelas cidades se apresentará à porta da cidade, e dirá suas causas, ouvindo-o os anciãos daquela cidade: e eles o receberão consigo dentro da cidade, e lhe darão lugar que habite com eles.

5E quando o vingador do morto o seguir, não entregarão em sua mão ao homicida, porquanto feriu a seu próximo por acidente, nem teve com ele antes inimizade.

6E ficará naquela cidade até que compareça em juízo diante do ajuntamento, até a morte do grande sacerdote que for naquele tempo: então o homicida voltará e virá à sua cidade e à sua casa e à cidade de onde fugiu.

7Então assinalaram a Quedes na Galileia, no monte de Naftali, e a Siquém no monte de Efraim, e a Quiriate-Arba, que é Hebrom, no monte de Judá.

8E da outra parte do Jordão de Jericó, ao oriente, assinalaram a Bezer no deserto, na planície da tribo de Rúben, e a Ramote em Gileade da tribo de Gade, e a Golã em Basã da tribo de Manassés.

9Estas foram as cidades assinaladas para todos os filhos de Israel, e para o estrangeiro que morasse entre eles, para que se acolhesse a elas qualquer um que ferisse pessoa por acidente, e não morresse por meio do vingador do morto, até que comparecesse diante do ajuntamento.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Six cities of refuge are established, three on each side of the Jordan, where anyone who killed someone accidentally could take shelter from blood vengeance.

Explanation

In the ancient culture, it was common for the relatives of a slain person to seek immediate revenge, even in cases of accidental death with no intent to kill. The cities of refuge created a justice system that distinguished manslaughter from premeditated murder, guaranteeing a fair trial before the elders before any punishment was carried out. This system, advanced for its time, protected both the accused from hasty revenge and society from impunity, requiring the one who took refuge to remain in the city until the death of the high priest. It is a picture of how God's law sought to balance justice and mercy.

Fun facts

  • The six cities of refuge were strategically distributed so that no Israelite would be more than a day's journey from one of them, allowing quick access in case of need.
  • The release of the one who took refuge only after the death of the high priest is seen by many Christian commentators as a picture of the freedom brought by the death of Christ, the ultimate high priest.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Josué 20:1God brings up the matter of the cities of refuge again, a subject already agreed on back in the time of Moses.
  2. Josué 20:2The command is to formally set apart these cities, fulfilling what had already been promised before the conquest.
  3. Josué 20:3The cities of refuge exist to separate accidental killing from murder: whoever killed someone without intending to could flee there and be protected from blood vengeance, a common custom of the time, until being judged by the elders of the city.
  4. Josué 20:4Whoever flees to one of these cities must present himself to the leaders at the gate, explain the case, and then is taken in to live there safely.
  5. Josué 20:5Even if a relative of the victim comes seeking revenge, the city cannot hand over someone who killed without intent, without premeditation or prior hatred.
  6. Josué 20:6Whoever took refuge in one of these cities could only return home after the death of the high priest then in office. This detail worked like a natural, unpredictable deadline, taking out of human hands the decision of when the matter was settled.
  7. Josué 20:7The first cities of refuge chosen are scattered across the territory west of the Jordan: Kedesh in the north, Shechem in the middle, and Hebron in the south.
  8. Josué 20:8On the other side of the Jordan, three more cities complete the system: Bezer, Ramoth, and Golan, covering that region as well.
  9. Josué 20:9These six cities serve both Israelites and foreigners living among them, guaranteeing a fair trial before any punishment.

Chapters

Our apps

Our apps →

Bible in Stories

The Bible told as a story, with audio and videos.

📱 Get the app

World in Stories

True stories of humanity that sound made up.

Feito! Pequenas Vitórias

A light daily routine for people who lose track of the day.