Josué 20

ARC · Chapter 20/24

1Fallou mais o Senhor a Josué, dizendo:

2Falla aos filhos d'Israel, dizendo: Apartae-vos as cidades de refugio, de que vos fallei pelo ministerio de Moysés:

3Para que fuja para ali o homicida, que matar alguma pessoa por erro, e não com intento: para que vos sejam por refugio do vingador do sangue.

4E, fugindo para alguma d'aquellas cidades, por-se-ha á porta da cidade, e proporá as suas palavras perante os ouvidos dos anciãos da tal cidade: então o tomarão comsigo na cidade: e lhe darão logar, para que habite com elles

5E, se o vingador do sangue o seguir, não entregarão na sua mão o homicida: porquanto não feriu a seu proximo com intento, e o não aborreceu d'antes.

6E habitará na mesma cidade, até que se ponha a juizo perante a congregação, até que morra o summo sacerdote que houver n'aquelles dias: então o homicida voltará, e virá á sua cidade, e á sua casa, á cidade d'onde fugiu.

7Então apartaram a Kedes em Galilea, na montanha de Naphtali, e a Sichem na montanha d'Ephraim, e a Kiriath-arba, esta é Hebron, na montanha de Judah.

8E, d'além do Jordão de Jericó para o oriente, apartaram a Beser, no deserto, na campina da tribu de Ruben, e a Ramoth em Gilead da tribu de Gad, e a Golan em Basan da tribu de Manasseh.

9Estas são as cidades que foram designadas para todos os filhos d'Israel, e para o estrangeiro que andasse entre elles; para que se acolhesse a ellas todo aquelle que ferisse alguma pessoa por erro: para que não morresse ás mãos do vingador do sangue, até se pôr diante da congregação.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Six cities of refuge are established, three on each side of the Jordan, where anyone who killed someone accidentally could take shelter from blood vengeance.

Explanation

In the ancient culture, it was common for the relatives of a slain person to seek immediate revenge, even in cases of accidental death with no intent to kill. The cities of refuge created a justice system that distinguished manslaughter from premeditated murder, guaranteeing a fair trial before the elders before any punishment was carried out. This system, advanced for its time, protected both the accused from hasty revenge and society from impunity, requiring the one who took refuge to remain in the city until the death of the high priest. It is a picture of how God's law sought to balance justice and mercy.

Fun facts

  • The six cities of refuge were strategically distributed so that no Israelite would be more than a day's journey from one of them, allowing quick access in case of need.
  • The release of the one who took refuge only after the death of the high priest is seen by many Christian commentators as a picture of the freedom brought by the death of Christ, the ultimate high priest.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Josué 20:1God brings up the matter of the cities of refuge again, a subject already agreed on back in the time of Moses.
  2. Josué 20:2The command is to formally set apart these cities, fulfilling what had already been promised before the conquest.
  3. Josué 20:3The cities of refuge exist to separate accidental killing from murder: whoever killed someone without intending to could flee there and be protected from blood vengeance, a common custom of the time, until being judged by the elders of the city.
  4. Josué 20:4Whoever flees to one of these cities must present himself to the leaders at the gate, explain the case, and then is taken in to live there safely.
  5. Josué 20:5Even if a relative of the victim comes seeking revenge, the city cannot hand over someone who killed without intent, without premeditation or prior hatred.
  6. Josué 20:6Whoever took refuge in one of these cities could only return home after the death of the high priest then in office. This detail worked like a natural, unpredictable deadline, taking out of human hands the decision of when the matter was settled.
  7. Josué 20:7The first cities of refuge chosen are scattered across the territory west of the Jordan: Kedesh in the north, Shechem in the middle, and Hebron in the south.
  8. Josué 20:8On the other side of the Jordan, three more cities complete the system: Bezer, Ramoth, and Golan, covering that region as well.
  9. Josué 20:9These six cities serve both Israelites and foreigners living among them, guaranteeing a fair trial before any punishment.

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