Joshua 9

KJV · Chapter 9/24

1And it came to pass, when all the kings which were on this side Jordan, in the hills, and in the valleys, and in all the coasts of the great sea over against Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof;

2That they gathered themselves together, to fight with Joshua and with Israel, with one accord.

3And when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho and to Ai,

4They did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine bottles, old, and rent, and bound up;

5And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy.

6And they went to Joshua unto the camp at Gilgal, and said unto him, and to the men of Israel, We be come from a far country: now therefore make ye a league with us.

7And the men of Israel said unto the Hivites, Peradventure ye dwell among us; and how shall we make a league with you?

8And they said unto Joshua, We are thy servants. And Joshua said unto them, Who are ye? and from whence come ye?

9And they said unto him, From a very far country thy servants are come because of the name of the Lord thy God: for we have heard the fame of him, and all that he did in Egypt,

10And all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon, and to Og king of Bashan, which was at Ashtaroth.

11Wherefore our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spake to us, saying, Take victuals with you for the journey, and go to meet them, and say unto them, We are your servants: therefore now make ye a league with us.

12This our bread we took hot for our provision out of our houses on the day we came forth to go unto you; but now, behold, it is dry, and it is mouldy:

13And these bottles of wine, which we filled, were new; and, behold, they be rent: and these our garments and our shoes are become old by reason of the very long journey.

14And the men took of their victuals, and asked not counsel at the mouth of the Lord.

15And Joshua made peace with them, and made a league with them, to let them live: and the princes of the congregation sware unto them.

16And it came to pass at the end of three days after they had made a league with them, that they heard that they were their neighbours, and that they dwelt among them.

17And the children of Israel journeyed, and came unto their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, and Chephirah, and Beeroth, and Kirjath–jearim.

18And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the Lord God of Israel. And all the congregation murmured against the princes.

19But all the princes said unto all the congregation, We have sworn unto them by the Lord God of Israel: now therefore we may not touch them.

20This we will do to them; we will even let them live, lest wrath be upon us, because of the oath which we sware unto them.

21And the princes said unto them, Let them live; but let them be hewers of wood and drawers of water unto all the congregation; as the princes had promised them.

22And Joshua called for them, and he spake unto them, saying, Wherefore have ye beguiled us, saying, We are very far from you; when ye dwell among us?

23Now therefore ye are cursed, and there shall none of you be freed from being bondmen, and hewers of wood and drawers of water for the house of my God.

24And they answered Joshua, and said, Because it was certainly told thy servants, how that the Lord thy God commanded his servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you, therefore we were sore afraid of our lives because of you, and have done this thing.

25And now, behold, we are in thine hand: as it seemeth good and right unto thee to do unto us, do.

26And so did he unto them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, that they slew them not.

27And Joshua made them that day hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation, and for the altar of the Lord, even unto this day, in the place which he should choose.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The Gibeonites trick Joshua into thinking they come from a distant land, and Israel makes a peace treaty with them without consulting God. Upon discovering the deception, Israel spares their lives but makes them servants.

Explanation

The Gibeonites use worn-out clothes and moldy bread to fake a long journey, playing on Israel's fear of making a treaty with neighboring peoples marked for destruction. Israel's central mistake is deciding quickly 'without asking counsel at the mouth of the Lord' (v.14), showing how important decisions made only on appearances, without seeking divine guidance, bring lasting consequences. Even though deceived, Israel honors the oath made in the Lord's name, teaching that promises made with integrity must be kept even when we discover we were fooled.

Fun facts

  • Gibeon later became an important city, and centuries afterward Solomon offers sacrifices there before receiving wisdom from God (1 Kings 3:4-5).
  • The Gibeonites, made 'hewers of wood and drawers of water,' became tied to temple service, a role that echoes centuries later in the function of the temple servants mentioned in Ezra.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Joshua 9:1News of Israel’s victories spreads quickly, and the Canaanite kings throughout the region decide to band together against the people before being attacked one by one.
  2. Joshua 9:2For the first time since Israel’s arrival, several enemy kings join together in a military alliance for the sole purpose of confronting the people.
  3. Joshua 9:3The inhabitants of Gibeon, knowing what happened to Jericho and Ai, realize that resisting by force will not work and choose a different path.
  4. Joshua 9:4Instead of fighting, the Gibeonites set up a disguise: they dress as travelers worn out from a long journey, using sacks and wineskins deliberately worn out.
  5. Joshua 9:5The disguise is elaborate: worn-out sandals, old clothes, and even the bread they bring looks months old from traveling, even though Gibeon is quite close by.
  6. Joshua 9:6The Gibeonites arrive at the camp at Gilgal pretending to come from a very distant land, and immediately ask for a peace treaty with Israel.
  7. Joshua 9:7The Israelites are suspicious right away: if these men live nearby, how could they make a peace treaty with them, since the order was to destroy the neighboring peoples?
  8. Joshua 9:8The Gibeonites insist, declaring themselves servants of Israel, and Joshua asks who they are and where they really come from.
  9. Joshua 9:9They lie, saying they came from a very distant country solely because of the fame of the God of Israel and the things He did in Egypt.
  10. Joshua 9:10They also mention the victories over kings Sihon and Og, showing they already knew Israel’s recent history well.
  11. Joshua 9:11They claim that their own elders sent them to make this agreement, bringing food for the journey as proof of the distance traveled.
  12. Joshua 9:12They show the bread, which they claim came out of their houses hot, but which is now dry and moldy, as staged proof of the long journey.
  13. Joshua 9:13They also show the wineskins, which they swear are new but already appear torn, along with clothes and sandals worn out by the “journey.”
  14. Joshua 9:14The leaders of Israel eat the Gibeonites’ bread without first asking counsel from God about the agreement — that is the mistake the text points out, not the fact that they were deceived. The note that they did not ask counsel of the Lord works as a lesson about decisions made too quickly.
  15. Joshua 9:15Convinced by the act, Joshua makes a peace treaty with them, guaranteeing the Gibeonites’ lives, and the leaders of the congregation confirm the oath.
  16. Joshua 9:16Only three days later does the truth come out: the Gibeonites actually lived very close by, practically neighbors of Israel.
  17. Joshua 9:17The people confirm this when they reach the Gibeonites’ cities, which were only a few days’ journey away, not from the other side of the world.
  18. Joshua 9:18Even after discovering the trick, Israel does not attack the Gibeonites, because an oath sworn in the name of God cannot be broken — and this stirs up resentment among the people.
  19. Joshua 9:19The leaders explain to the crowd that the oath sworn in the name of the Lord binds them to spare the Gibeonites, even though they were deceived.
  20. Joshua 9:20The solution is to keep the promise to the letter, so as not to bring greater punishment on the people for breaking a sacred oath.
  21. Joshua 9:21Instead of death, the Gibeonites receive a lesser punishment: becoming laborers, cutting wood and drawing water for the whole community.
  22. Joshua 9:22Joshua confronts the Gibeonites, asking why they lied about living far away when they actually lived very close.
  23. Joshua 9:23Even though deceived, the Israelites remain bound by the oath sworn in the name of the Lord, and the solution found is to put the Gibeonites into permanent servitude, cutting wood and carrying water for the altar. It is a middle ground: the people do not die, but they are not free either, showing how much weight an oath carried in that culture.
  24. Joshua 9:24The Gibeonites explain the reason for the deception: they had heard that God had commanded the destruction of all the inhabitants of the land, and they lied out of fear of dying.
  25. Joshua 9:25They place themselves in Joshua’s hands, saying they will accept whatever decision he considers right and good.
  26. Joshua 9:26Joshua keeps the agreement and protects the Gibeonites from destruction, even knowing about the deception.
  27. Joshua 9:27So the Gibeonites remain permanently responsible for service tasks for the people and for the altar of the Lord.

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