Joshua 22

KJV · Chapter 22/24

1Then Joshua called the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh,

2And said unto them, Ye have kept all that Moses the servant of the Lord commanded you, and have obeyed my voice in all that I commanded you:

3Ye have not left your brethren these many days unto this day, but have kept the charge of the commandment of the Lord your God.

4And now the Lord your God hath given rest unto your brethren, as he promised them: therefore now return ye, and get you unto your tents, and unto the land of your possession, which Moses the servant of the Lord gave you on the other side Jordan.

5But take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law, which Moses the servant of the Lord charged you, to love the Lord your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cleave unto him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.

6So Joshua blessed them, and sent them away: and they went unto their tents.

7Now to the one half of the tribe of Manasseh Moses had given possession in Bashan: but unto the other half thereof gave Joshua among their brethren on this side Jordan westward. And when Joshua sent them away also unto their tents, then he blessed them,

8And he spake unto them, saying, Return with much riches unto your tents, and with very much cattle, with silver, and with gold, and with brass, and with iron, and with very much raiment: divide the spoil of your enemies with your brethren.

9And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh returned, and departed from the children of Israel out of Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan, to go unto the country of Gilead, to the land of their possession, whereof they were possessed, according to the word of the Lord by the hand of Moses.

10And when they came unto the borders of Jordan, that are in the land of Canaan, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh built there an altar by Jordan, a great altar to see to.

11And the children of Israel heard say, Behold, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh have built an altar over against the land of Canaan, in the borders of Jordan, at the passage of the children of Israel.

12And when the children of Israel heard of it, the whole congregation of the children of Israel gathered themselves together at Shiloh, to go up to war against them.

13And the children of Israel sent unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the half tribe of Manasseh, into the land of Gilead, Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest,

14And with him ten princes, of each chief house a prince throughout all the tribes of Israel; and each one was an head of the house of their fathers among the thousands of Israel.

15And they came unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the half tribe of Manasseh, unto the land of Gilead, and they spake with them, saying,

16Thus saith the whole congregation of the Lord, What trespass is this that ye have committed against the God of Israel, to turn away this day from following the Lord, in that ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel this day against the Lord?

17Is the iniquity of Peor too little for us, from which we are not cleansed until this day, although there was a plague in the congregation of the Lord,

18But that ye must turn away this day from following the Lord? and it will be, seeing ye rebel to day against the Lord, that to morrow he will be wroth with the whole congregation of Israel.

19Notwithstanding, if the land of your possession be unclean, then pass ye over unto the land of the possession of the Lord, wherein the Lord’s tabernacle dwelleth, and take possession among us: but rebel not against the Lord, nor rebel against us, in building you an altar beside the altar of the Lord our God.

20Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the accursed thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel? and that man perished not alone in his iniquity.

21Then the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh answered, and said unto the heads of the thousands of Israel,

22The Lord God of gods, the Lord God of gods, he knoweth, and Israel he shall know; if it be in rebellion, or if in transgression against the Lord, (save us not this day,)

23That we have built us an altar to turn from following the Lord, or if to offer thereon burnt offering or meat offering, or if to offer peace offerings thereon, let the Lord himself require it;

24And if we have not rather done it for fear of this thing, saying, In time to come your children might speak unto our children, saying, What have ye to do with the Lord God of Israel?

25For the Lord hath made Jordan a border between us and you, ye children of Reuben and children of Gad; ye have no part in the Lord: so shall your children make our children cease from fearing the Lord.

26Therefore we said, Let us now prepare to build us an altar, not for burnt offering, nor for sacrifice:

27But that it may be a witness between us, and you, and our generations after us, that we might do the service of the Lord before him with our burnt offerings, and with our sacrifices, and with our peace offerings; that your children may not say to our children in time to come, Ye have no part in the Lord.

28Therefore said we, that it shall be, when they should so say to us or to our generations in time to come, that we may say again, Behold the pattern of the altar of the Lord, which our fathers made, not for burnt offerings, nor for sacrifices; but it is a witness between us and you.

29God forbid that we should rebel against the Lord, and turn this day from following the Lord, to build an altar for burnt offerings, for meat offerings, or for sacrifices, beside the altar of the Lord our God that is before his tabernacle.

30And when Phinehas the priest, and the princes of the congregation and heads of the thousands of Israel which were with him, heard the words that the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the children of Manasseh spake, it pleased them.

31And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the children of Manasseh, This day we perceive that the Lord is among us, because ye have not committed this trespass against the Lord: now ye have delivered the children of Israel out of the hand of the Lord.

32And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, and the princes, returned from the children of Reuben, and from the children of Gad, out of the land of Gilead, unto the land of Canaan, to the children of Israel, and brought them word again.

33And the thing pleased the children of Israel; and the children of Israel blessed God, and did not intend to go up against them in battle, to destroy the land wherein the children of Reuben and Gad dwelt.

34And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad called the altar Ed: for it shall be a witness between us that the Lord is God.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh return to their lands east of the Jordan and build a large altar, causing fear of idolatry among the other tribes until its purpose is clarified.

Explanation

The altar built by the eastern tribes nearly sparks a civil war, since the other tribes fear it is an act of religious rebellion like the incident at Baal-peor mentioned earlier. The eastern tribes' explanation - that the altar was only a memorial of witness, not for sacrifices, but to remind future generations that they too belonged to the people of the Lord despite the geographical distance - shows wisdom in resolving conflict through dialogue before hasty action. Phinehas and the leaders verify the intent before acting, a valuable model of investigating before judging.

Fun facts

  • The altar was named 'Ed,' meaning 'witness' in Hebrew, confirming its symbolic rather than liturgical purpose.
  • Israel's swift mobilization for war over a religious misunderstanding shows how idolatry was seen as an existential threat to the people's identity, demanding an immediate response even when based on assumption.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Joshua 22:1With the land now divided, Joshua summons the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh, who had been helping with the conquest, to release them to go home.
  2. Joshua 22:2Joshua publicly acknowledges that these tribes fulfilled everything Moses and he himself had commanded, without failing.
  3. Joshua 22:3He points out that they never abandoned their brothers throughout the whole long military campaign, keeping their commitment to the end.
  4. Joshua 22:4Now that the rest of Israel is resting in the conquered land, Joshua releases these tribes to return to their own land, on the other side of the Jordan.
  5. Joshua 22:5Before sending them off, Joshua stresses the most important thing: to keep loving and serving God with all their heart, following the law of Moses.
  6. Joshua 22:6Joshua blesses them and sends them off, and they head back to their tents.
  7. Joshua 22:7The text notes that Manasseh was split: half already had land in Bashan, on the east side, and the other half received land on the west side; both halves are blessed and sent back.
  8. Joshua 22:8Joshua tells these tribes to go home carrying the wealth they had won — livestock, silver, gold, and clothing — and to share it all with the relatives left behind.
  9. Joshua 22:9Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh leave Shiloh, in the land of Canaan, headed back to Gilead, the land that already rightfully belonged to them.
  10. Joshua 22:10The tribes that stayed on the east side of the Jordan build a huge altar near the river, and the rest of Israel takes this as rebellion against the one legitimate altar, nearly going to war over the misunderstanding.
  11. Joshua 22:11The rest of Israel hears the news that these tribes built a large altar at the border, near the Jordan, still on the Canaan side.
  12. Joshua 22:12The news causes alarm, and the whole people gather at Shiloh, ready to declare war on the tribes across the river.
  13. Joshua 22:13Before attacking, Israel decides to send Phinehas, son of the priest Eleazar, to find out what really happened.
  14. Joshua 22:14Along with Phinehas go ten leaders, one representative from each tribe, forming a weighty delegation for the conversation.
  15. Joshua 22:15The delegation arrives in Gilead and meets with the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh to demand an explanation.
  16. Joshua 22:16Phinehas confronts the tribes, asking why they built an altar of their own, which looks like rebellion against God.
  17. Joshua 22:17He recalls the episode at Peor, an old sin that had already brought serious punishment on the whole people, as a warning of what disobedience can cause.
  18. Joshua 22:18The fear is that this apparent rebellion will bring God's wrath on the whole people again, not just on those who built the altar.
  19. Joshua 22:19Phinehas offers a way out: if their land is considered unclean, let them come back to this side of the Jordan, but let them not build another altar besides the only one God has authorized.
  20. Joshua 22:20He cites the case of Achan as an example that the sin of a small group can bring consequences on the whole people.
  21. Joshua 22:21The accused tribes respond to the delegation, ready to explain themselves.
  22. Joshua 22:22They call on God himself as witness that they did not act out of rebellion or disobedience.
  23. Joshua 22:23They state that if the altar was meant for offering sacrifices on their own, let God himself punish them for it.
  24. Joshua 22:24The real reason, though, was different: they feared that in the future, the descendants across the Jordan would be told that whoever lives far from the sanctuary has no part in God.
  25. Joshua 22:25The fear is that the Jordan, being a natural border, would make future generations feel excluded from Israel's faith.
  26. Joshua 22:26That's why they decided to build this altar — not for sacrifices, but for another purpose.
  27. Joshua 22:27The idea was for the altar to serve as visible testimony that they too belong to God, even living on the other side of the river.
  28. Joshua 22:28So, if their descendants ever question it, they can point to this replica as proof of the connection to God's true altar.
  29. Joshua 22:29They reaffirm that they never intended to rebel against God by building a rival altar for sacrifices.
  30. Joshua 22:30Hearing this explanation, Phinehas and the leaders are satisfied with the answer.
  31. Joshua 22:31Phinehas declares that they now know God is among them, since there was no betrayal, and that this explanation spared the whole people from an unnecessary war.
  32. Joshua 22:32The delegation returns to Canaan and reports the answer to all the people of Israel.
  33. Joshua 22:33The people are satisfied with the explanation, praise God, and drop any plan to go to war against the tribes on the other side of the Jordan.
  34. Joshua 22:34The altar is named Ed, meaning witness, because its purpose was never to offer sacrifices, but to remind future generations that the tribes on the other side of the Jordan also belonged to the same people and the same God.

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