Joshua 8

KJV · Chapter 8/24

1And the Lord said unto Joshua, Fear not, neither be thou dismayed: take all the people of war with thee, and arise, go up to Ai: see, I have given into thy hand the king of Ai, and his people, and his city, and his land:

2And thou shalt do to Ai and her king as thou didst unto Jericho and her king: only the spoil thereof, and the cattle thereof, shall ye take for a prey unto yourselves: lay thee an ambush for the city behind it.

3So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up against Ai: and Joshua chose out thirty thousand mighty men of valour, and sent them away by night.

4And he commanded them, saying, Behold, ye shall lie in wait against the city, even behind the city: go not very far from the city, but be ye all ready:

5And I, and all the people that are with me, will approach unto the city: and it shall come to pass, when they come out against us, as at the first, that we will flee before them,

6(For they will come out after us) till we have drawn them from the city; for they will say, They flee before us, as at the first: therefore we will flee before them.

7Then ye shall rise up from the ambush, and seize upon the city: for the Lord your God will deliver it into your hand.

8And it shall be, when ye have taken the city, that ye shall set the city on fire: according to the commandment of the Lord shall ye do. See, I have commanded you.

9Joshua therefore sent them forth: and they went to lie in ambush, and abode between Beth–el and Ai, on the west side of Ai: but Joshua lodged that night among the people.

10And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and numbered the people, and went up, he and the elders of Israel, before the people to Ai.

11And all the people, even the people of war that were with him, went up, and drew nigh, and came before the city, and pitched on the north side of Ai: now there was a valley between them and Ai.

12And he took about five thousand men, and set them to lie in ambush between Beth–el and Ai, on the west side of the city.

13And when they had set the people, even all the host that was on the north of the city, and their liers in wait on the west of the city, Joshua went that night into the midst of the valley.

14And it came to pass, when the king of Ai saw it, that they hasted and rose up early, and the men of the city went out against Israel to battle, he and all his people, at a time appointed, before the plain; but he wist not that there were liers in ambush against him behind the city.

15And Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and fled by the way of the wilderness.

16And all the people that were in Ai were called together to pursue after them: and they pursued after Joshua, and were drawn away from the city.

17And there was not a man left in Ai or Beth–el, that went not out after Israel: and they left the city open, and pursued after Israel.

18And the Lord said unto Joshua, Stretch out the spear that is in thy hand toward Ai; for I will give it into thine hand. And Joshua stretched out the spear that he had in his hand toward the city.

19And the ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soon as he had stretched out his hand: and they entered into the city, and took it, and hasted and set the city on fire.

20And when the men of Ai looked behind them, they saw, and, behold, the smoke of the city ascended up to heaven, and they had no power to flee this way or that way: and the people that fled to the wilderness turned back upon the pursuers.

21And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned again, and slew the men of Ai.

22And the other issued out of the city against them; so they were in the midst of Israel, some on this side, and some on that side: and they smote them, so that they let none of them remain or escape.

23And the king of Ai they took alive, and brought him to Joshua.

24And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, in the wilderness wherein they chased them, and when they were all fallen on the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all the Israelites returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword.

25And so it was, that all that fell that day, both of men and women, were twelve thousand, even all the men of Ai.

26For Joshua drew not his hand back, wherewith he stretched out the spear, until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai.

27Only the cattle and the spoil of that city Israel took for a prey unto themselves, according unto the word of the Lord which he commanded Joshua.

28And Joshua burnt Ai, and made it an heap for ever, even a desolation unto this day.

29And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until eventide: and as soon as the sun was down, Joshua commanded that they should take his carcase down from the tree, and cast it at the entering of the gate of the city, and raise thereon a great heap of stones, that remaineth unto this day.

30Then Joshua built an altar unto the Lord God of Israel in mount Ebal,

31As Moses the servant of the Lord commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of whole stones, over which no man hath lift up any iron: and they offered thereon burnt offerings unto the Lord, and sacrificed peace offerings.

32And he wrote there upon the stones a copy of the law of Moses, which he wrote in the presence of the children of Israel.

33And all Israel, and their elders, and officers, and their judges, stood on this side the ark and on that side before the priests the Levites, which bare the ark of the covenant of the Lord, as well the stranger, as he that was born among them; half of them over against mount Gerizim, and half of them over against mount Ebal; as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded before, that they should bless the people of Israel.

34And afterward he read all the words of the law, the blessings and cursings, according to all that is written in the book of the law.

35There was not a word of all that Moses commanded, which Joshua read not before all the congregation of Israel, with the women, and the little ones, and the strangers that were conversant among them.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

With a strategic ambush, Israel conquers Ai this time. Afterward, Joshua builds an altar on Mount Ebal and publicly reads the law of Moses to all the people.

Explanation

Unlike the previous attack, here Joshua uses a God-directed military tactic (an ambush), showing that faith and wise planning are not opposites. The public reading of the law on Mounts Ebal and Gerizim fulfilled an instruction Moses had given in Deuteronomy 27, renewing the covenant right after the first great conquest so the people would not forget to whom they owed their victory. This ritual included blessings and curses heard by the whole nation, including foreigners and children, reinforcing that the covenant belonged to everyone, not just the leaders.

Fun facts

  • The altar built on Mount Ebal followed the instruction in Exodus 20:25 to use whole, uncut stones, without metal tools, so that human work would not 'defile' what was dedicated to God.
  • Archaeologists have identified an ancient stone structure on Mount Ebal that some researchers associate with this altar, though the identification is academically debated.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Joshua 8:1With the crisis resolved, God encourages Joshua to attack Ai again, guaranteeing victory this time.
  2. Joshua 8:2The difference from Jericho is that now the people are allowed to keep the city’s livestock and goods; the strategy also involves an ambush.
  3. Joshua 8:3Joshua gathers thirty thousand warriors and sends them out by night, already setting the ambush plan in motion.
  4. Joshua 8:4The instruction for this group is to position themselves hidden behind the city, ready to act at the right moment.
  5. Joshua 8:5Joshua plans to fake a retreat with the rest of the army, repeating the flight that happened during the first failed attempt.
  6. Joshua 8:6The idea is that the enemy, confident because of their earlier victory, will come out chasing the main army, drawing them away from the city.
  7. Joshua 8:7While that is happening, the hidden group is to attack and seize the city, which will be left undefended.
  8. Joshua 8:8After taking the city, the order is to set it on fire, carrying out exactly what God had determined.
  9. Joshua 8:9The ambush group takes its position between Bethel and Ai, while Joshua spends the night with the rest of the people.
  10. Joshua 8:10The next morning, Joshua musters the army and advances against Ai together with the elders of the people.
  11. Joshua 8:11The troops approach the city and camp on the north side, with a valley separating the two forces.
  12. Joshua 8:12A second group of five thousand men is set in ambush west of the city, reinforcing the encirclement.
  13. Joshua 8:13Joshua spends the night in the middle of the valley, coordinating the positions between the main camp and the ambush forces.
  14. Joshua 8:14The king of Ai falls into the trap: seeing the Israelite army, he rushes out to fight without noticing the ambush set behind the city.
  15. Joshua 8:15Joshua and the army feign weakness, fleeing by way of the wilderness, exactly as planned.
  16. Joshua 8:16All the men of Ai are called out to pursue Israel, drawing farther and farther away from their own city.
  17. Joshua 8:17The trap works perfectly: not a single man is left to defend Ai or Bethel, and the city is left completely open.
  18. Joshua 8:18God gives Joshua the signal to attack, and he stretches out his spear toward the city as the command for the ambush to act.
  19. Joshua 8:19As soon as Joshua gives the sign, the hidden group rushes out, storms into the empty city, and sets it on fire.
  20. Joshua 8:20The men of Ai realize it too late: they see the smoke of their own city rising and find themselves surrounded, with no way to escape.
  21. Joshua 8:21Seeing the smoke as the sign that the city has fallen, Joshua and the main army turn around and attack their pursuers.
  22. Joshua 8:22The Israelites from the city and those from the field close in on the men of Ai from both sides, letting no one escape.
  23. Joshua 8:23The king of Ai is the one exception: taken alive and brought to Joshua.
  24. Joshua 8:24After wiping out everyone who had been chasing them in the open field, the Israelite army turns back and finishes off whoever is still left in the city.
  25. Joshua 8:25The total number of dead that day reaches twelve thousand, men and women of Ai together.
  26. Joshua 8:26Joshua keeps his spear stretched out until the destruction of the city is complete, a continuous gesture of command throughout the whole battle.
  27. Joshua 8:27Unlike Jericho, this time the people are allowed to keep the livestock and the plundered goods, exactly as God had authorized.
  28. Joshua 8:28Ai is burned and becomes a permanent ruin, a heap of rubble still visible long afterward.
  29. Joshua 8:29Hanging the body of the king of Ai on a tree until evening and then burying him under a heap of stones follows the same logic as Deuteronomy 21:22-23: the body of an executed enemy could not be left exposed overnight. It is more about ritual purity than about prolonged humiliation.
  30. Joshua 8:30After the victory, Joshua builds an altar to the Lord on Mount Ebal, fulfilling an old command from Moses.
  31. Joshua 8:31The altar follows Moses’ instruction exactly: natural stones, with no iron tool used on them, and it is used to offer sacrifices.
  32. Joshua 8:32Joshua also inscribes on the stones a copy of the law of Moses, making public the basis of the rules the people were to follow.
  33. Joshua 8:33All the people take their places between two mountains, Gerizim and Ebal, to hear the reading of the law, repeating a ritual of blessing Moses had already established.
  34. Joshua 8:34Joshua reads aloud everything that was written in the law, both the blessings and the curses.
  35. Joshua 8:35The reading is complete: nothing that Moses had commanded is left out, and everyone listens, including the women, the children, and the foreigners living among the people.

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