Judges 19

KJV · Chapter 19/21

1And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the side of mount Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Beth–lehem–judah.

2And his concubine played the whore against him, and went away from him unto her father’s house to Beth–lehem–judah, and was there four whole months.

3And her husband arose, and went after her, to speak friendly unto her, and to bring her again, having his servant with him, and a couple of asses: and she brought him into her father’s house: and when the father of the damsel saw him, he rejoiced to meet him.

4And his father in law, the damsel’s father, retained him; and he abode with him three days: so they did eat and drink, and lodged there.

5And it came to pass on the fourth day, when they arose early in the morning, that he rose up to depart: and the damsel’s father said unto his son in law, Comfort thine heart with a morsel of bread, and afterward go your way.

6And they sat down, and did eat and drink both of them together: for the damsel’s father had said unto the man, Be content, I pray thee, and tarry all night, and let thine heart be merry.

7And when the man rose up to depart, his father in law urged him: therefore he lodged there again.

8And he arose early in the morning on the fifth day to depart: and the damsel’s father said, Comfort thine heart, I pray thee. And they tarried until afternoon, and they did eat both of them.

9And when the man rose up to depart, he, and his concubine, and his servant, his father in law, the damsel’s father, said unto him, Behold, now the day draweth toward evening, I pray you tarry all night: behold, the day groweth to an end, lodge here, that thine heart may be merry; and to morrow get you early on your way, that thou mayest go home.

10But the man would not tarry that night, but he rose up and departed, and came over against Jebus, which is Jerusalem; and there were with him two asses saddled, his concubine also was with him.

11And when they were by Jebus, the day was far spent; and the servant said unto his master, Come, I pray thee, and let us turn in into this city of the Jebusites, and lodge in it.

12And his master said unto him, We will not turn aside hither into the city of a stranger, that is not of the children of Israel; we will pass over to Gibeah.

13And he said unto his servant, Come, and let us draw near to one of these places to lodge all night, in Gibeah, or in Ramah.

14And they passed on and went their way; and the sun went down upon them when they were by Gibeah, which belongeth to Benjamin.

15And they turned aside thither, to go in and to lodge in Gibeah: and when he went in, he sat him down in a street of the city: for there was no man that took them into his house to lodging.

16And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even, which was also of mount Ephraim; and he sojourned in Gibeah: but the men of the place were Benjamites.

17And when he had lifted up his eyes, he saw a wayfaring man in the street of the city: and the old man said, Whither goest thou? and whence comest thou?

18And he said unto him, We are passing from Beth–lehem–judah toward the side of mount Ephraim; from thence am I: and I went to Beth–lehem–judah, but I am now going to the house of the Lord; and there is no man that receiveth me to house.

19Yet there is both straw and provender for our asses; and there is bread and wine also for me, and for thy handmaid, and for the young man which is with thy servants: there is no want of any thing.

20And the old man said, Peace be with thee; howsoever let all thy wants lie upon me; only lodge not in the street.

21So he brought him into his house, and gave provender unto the asses: and they washed their feet, and did eat and drink.

22Now as they were making their hearts merry, behold, the men of the city, certain sons of Belial, beset the house round about, and beat at the door, and spake to the master of the house, the old man, saying, Bring forth the man that came into thine house, that we may know him.

23And the man, the master of the house, went out unto them, and said unto them, Nay, my brethren, nay, I pray you, do not so wickedly; seeing that this man is come into mine house, do not this folly.

24Behold, here is my daughter a maiden, and his concubine; them I will bring out now, and humble ye them, and do with them what seemeth good unto you: but unto this man do not so vile a thing.

25But the men would not hearken to him: so the man took his concubine, and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and abused her all the night until the morning: and when the day began to spring, they let her go.

26Then came the woman in the dawning of the day, and fell down at the door of the man’s house where her lord was, till it was light.

27And her lord rose up in the morning, and opened the doors of the house, and went out to go his way: and, behold, the woman his concubine was fallen down at the door of the house, and her hands were upon the threshold.

28And he said unto her, Up, and let us be going. But none answered. Then the man took her up upon an ass, and the man rose up, and gat him unto his place.

29And when he was come into his house, he took a knife, and laid hold on his concubine, and divided her, together with her bones, into twelve pieces, and sent her into all the coasts of Israel.

30And it was so, that all that saw it said, There was no such deed done nor seen from the day that the children of Israel came up out of the land of Egypt unto this day: consider of it, take advice, and speak your minds.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

A Levite travels with his concubine, who is raped and killed by wicked men in Gibeah, a city of the tribe of Benjamin. He cuts her body into twelve pieces and sends them to the tribes of Israel as an appeal for justice.

Explanation

This is one of the most disturbing accounts in the Bible, deliberately written to shock the reader with the level of moral degradation Israel had reached without centralized, faithful leadership. The scene strongly echoes the episode of Sodom in Genesis 19, with the men of the city demanding to sexually abuse the visitor - an intentional comparison that places Gibeah on the same level of corruption as the city God destroyed. The Levite's dramatic act of dividing the body into twelve pieces, one for each tribe, was an extreme and shocking way of summoning national unity in the face of an injustice that could not be ignored - similar to Saul's gesture of cutting oxen into pieces in 1 Samuel 11, but here far darker.

Fun facts

  • The chapter's closing comment, 'consider of it, take advice, and speak your minds,' is a direct invitation from the biblical narrator for the reader to reflect morally on the story, an unusual and powerful narrative technique in the Hebrew text.
  • Centuries later, the prophet Hosea (9:9 and 10:9) directly references 'the days of Gibeah' as a historical synonym for extreme corruption, showing how deeply this episode was etched into Israel's collective memory.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Judges 19:1In this time with no king in Israel, a Levite living in the region of Ephraim takes a concubine from Bethlehem-judah, beginning the harshest story in the book.
  2. Judges 19:2The Levite's concubine runs away to her father's house, and the text uses an expression that can be translated as unfaithfulness or simply dissatisfaction with the relationship. Even ancient translators disagreed about the exact reason for her flight.
  3. Judges 19:3Her husband goes after her to seek reconciliation and bring her back; her father welcomes him with joy when he sees him arrive.
  4. Judges 19:4His father-in-law urges him to stay, and the two of them spend three days eating, drinking, and talking together.
  5. Judges 19:5On the fourth day, when the Levite gets ready to leave early in the morning, his father-in-law asks him to eat something before the journey.
  6. Judges 19:6The two of them sit down to eat and drink, and his father-in-law asks him to stay one more night, so they can enjoy themselves together.
  7. Judges 19:7The Levite tries to leave, but his father-in-law presses him so much that he ends up staying one more night.
  8. Judges 19:8On the fifth day, his father-in-law again asks him to eat before leaving, and the two of them end up lingering, talking, until late in the afternoon.
  9. Judges 19:9When the Levite finally gets up to leave with his concubine and servant, his father-in-law urges him once more, saying it is already getting dark and it would be better to stay this one more night.
  10. Judges 19:10This time the Levite refuses to stay; he sets out with his concubine and his two loaded donkeys and comes near Jebus, which is Jerusalem.
  11. Judges 19:11Already near Jebus, with the day nearly over, the servant suggests they spend the night in that city of the Jebusites.
  12. Judges 19:12The Levite refuses, saying he will not turn aside into a foreign city, of people who are not of Israel, preferring to go on to Gibeah.
  13. Judges 19:13He decides to travel on to Gibeah or Ramah, cities already within Israelite territory.
  14. Judges 19:14They continue on their way, and the sun sets just as they are arriving at Gibeah, a city of the tribe of Benjamin.
  15. Judges 19:15They go into the city to spend the night, but end up sitting in the open square because no one takes them into their house, a sign of the lack of hospitality that already signals the chapter's danger.
  16. Judges 19:16An old man, originally from Ephraim but living in Gibeah, comes back from his work in the field as evening falls.
  17. Judges 19:17Seeing the traveler sitting in the square, the old man asks where he is coming from and where he is going.
  18. Judges 19:18The Levite explains that he is returning from Bethlehem-judah to his home in the region of Ephraim, and laments that no one has taken him in there.
  19. Judges 19:19He assures the old man that he has enough food and straw for the animals and for the whole group, needing nothing more than a roof to spend the night under.
  20. Judges 19:20The old man welcomes him with hospitality, saying he will take care of whatever is needed, but insists they not sleep in the square.
  21. Judges 19:21He brings them home, feeds the animals, and they all wash their feet and share a meal together.
  22. Judges 19:22While they are at the table, violent men of the city surround the house and demand that the owner hand over the guest so they can abuse him.
  23. Judges 19:23The owner of the house goes out and begs them not to do this evil thing, calling their demand folly against a guest.
  24. Judges 19:24In desperation, the owner of the house offers his own daughter and the traveler's concubine to the crowd, in a terrible attempt to protect his guest at the cost of the two women. The text does not approve of this; it only records this scene as the harshest bottom of Israel's moral collapse.
  25. Judges 19:25Facing the crowd's threat, the Levite hands over his own concubine to be abused all night long. The text does not justify the act, and the brutality of the scene serves, in the context of the book, as the lowest point of the moral chaos described since the beginning of Judges.
  26. Judges 19:26At dawn, the woman comes back and falls at the door of the house where her husband was staying, lying there until it grows light, in one of the harshest scenes in the book.
  27. Judges 19:27In the morning, her husband opens the door to continue his journey and finds his concubine fallen at the entrance, her hands on the threshold.
  28. Judges 19:28He tells her to get up so they can go, but gets no answer; he puts her on the donkey and sets out for home, with the text offering no further details about this moment.
  29. Judges 19:29The Levite cuts his concubine's body into twelve pieces and sends them throughout all the territory of Israel, a dramatic call to war against Gibeah. It is a shocking act used to quickly mobilize a collective response to a violence that would otherwise stay hidden in a single city.
  30. Judges 19:30Everyone who sees what he has done with the body says that nothing like this has been seen since the day Israel came up out of the land of Egypt, and they ask the people to think it over carefully and speak up about this crime.

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