Judges 20

KJV · Chapter 20/21

1Then all the children of Israel went out, and the congregation was gathered together as one man, from Dan even to Beer–sheba, with the land of Gilead, unto the Lord in Mizpeh.

2And the chief of all the people, even of all the tribes of Israel, presented themselves in the assembly of the people of God, four hundred thousand footmen that drew sword.

3(Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel were gone up to Mizpeh.) Then said the children of Israel, Tell us, how was this wickedness?

4And the Levite, the husband of the woman that was slain, answered and said, I came into Gibeah that belongeth to Benjamin, I and my concubine, to lodge.

5And the men of Gibeah rose against me, and beset the house round about upon me by night, and thought to have slain me: and my concubine have they forced, that she is dead.

6And I took my concubine, and cut her in pieces, and sent her throughout all the country of the inheritance of Israel: for they have committed lewdness and folly in Israel.

7Behold, ye are all children of Israel; give here your advice and counsel.

8And all the people arose as one man, saying, We will not any of us go to his tent, neither will we any of us turn into his house.

9But now this shall be the thing which we will do to Gibeah; we will go up by lot against it;

10And we will take ten men of an hundred throughout all the tribes of Israel, and an hundred of a thousand, and a thousand out of ten thousand, to fetch victual for the people, that they may do, when they come to Gibeah of Benjamin, according to all the folly that they have wrought in Israel.

11So all the men of Israel were gathered against the city, knit together as one man.

12And the tribes of Israel sent men through all the tribe of Benjamin, saying, What wickedness is this that is done among you?

13Now therefore deliver us the men, the children of Belial, which are in Gibeah, that we may put them to death, and put away evil from Israel. But the children of Benjamin would not hearken to the voice of their brethren the children of Israel:

14But the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together out of the cities unto Gibeah, to go out to battle against the children of Israel.

15And the children of Benjamin were numbered at that time out of the cities twenty and six thousand men that drew sword, beside the inhabitants of Gibeah, which were numbered seven hundred chosen men.

16Among all this people there were seven hundred chosen men lefthanded; every one could sling stones at an hair breadth, and not miss.

17And the men of Israel, beside Benjamin, were numbered four hundred thousand men that drew sword: all these were men of war.

18And the children of Israel arose, and went up to the house of God, and asked counsel of God, and said, Which of us shall go up first to the battle against the children of Benjamin? And the Lord said, Judah shall go up first.

19And the children of Israel rose up in the morning, and encamped against Gibeah.

20And the men of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin; and the men of Israel put themselves in array to fight against them at Gibeah.

21And the children of Benjamin came forth out of Gibeah, and destroyed down to the ground of the Israelites that day twenty and two thousand men.

22And the people the men of Israel encouraged themselves, and set their battle again in array in the place where they put themselves in array the first day.

23(And the children of Israel went up and wept before the Lord until even, and asked counsel of the Lord, saying, Shall I go up again to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother? And the Lord said, Go up against him.)

24And the children of Israel came near against the children of Benjamin the second day.

25And Benjamin went forth against them out of Gibeah the second day, and destroyed down to the ground of the children of Israel again eighteen thousand men; all these drew the sword.

26Then all the children of Israel, and all the people, went up, and came unto the house of God, and wept, and sat there before the Lord, and fasted that day until even, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the Lord.

27And the children of Israel enquired of the Lord, (for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days,

28And Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, stood before it in those days,) saying, Shall I yet again go out to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother, or shall I cease? And the Lord said, Go up; for to morrow I will deliver them into thine hand.

29And Israel set liers in wait round about Gibeah.

30And the children of Israel went up against the children of Benjamin on the third day, and put themselves in array against Gibeah, as at other times.

31And the children of Benjamin went out against the people, and were drawn away from the city; and they began to smite of the people, and kill, as at other times, in the highways, of which one goeth up to the house of God, and the other to Gibeah in the field, about thirty men of Israel.

32And the children of Benjamin said, They are smitten down before us, as at the first. But the children of Israel said, Let us flee, and draw them from the city unto the highways.

33And all the men of Israel rose up out of their place, and put themselves in array at Baal–tamar: and the liers in wait of Israel came forth out of their places, even out of the meadows of Gibeah.

34And there came against Gibeah ten thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and the battle was sore: but they knew not that evil was near them.

35And the Lord smote Benjamin before Israel: and the children of Israel destroyed of the Benjamites that day twenty and five thousand and an hundred men: all these drew the sword.

36So the children of Benjamin saw that they were smitten: for the men of Israel gave place to the Benjamites, because they trusted unto the liers in wait which they had set beside Gibeah.

37And the liers in wait hasted, and rushed upon Gibeah; and the liers in wait drew themselves along, and smote all the city with the edge of the sword.

38Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the liers in wait, that they should make a great flame with smoke rise up out of the city.

39And when the men of Israel retired in the battle, Benjamin began to smite and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons: for they said, Surely they are smitten down before us, as in the first battle.

40But when the flame began to arise up out of the city with a pillar of smoke, the Benjamites looked behind them, and, behold, the flame of the city ascended up to heaven.

41And when the men of Israel turned again, the men of Benjamin were amazed: for they saw that evil was come upon them.

42Therefore they turned their backs before the men of Israel unto the way of the wilderness; but the battle overtook them; and them which came out of the cities they destroyed in the midst of them.

43Thus they inclosed the Benjamites round about, and chased them, and trode them down with ease over against Gibeah toward the sunrising.

44And there fell of Benjamin eighteen thousand men; all these were men of valour.

45And they turned and fled toward the wilderness unto the rock of Rimmon: and they gleaned of them in the highways five thousand men; and pursued hard after them unto Gidom, and slew two thousand men of them.

46So that all which fell that day of Benjamin were twenty and five thousand men that drew the sword; all these were men of valour.

47But six hundred men turned and fled to the wilderness unto the rock Rimmon, and abode in the rock Rimmon four months.

48And the men of Israel turned again upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, as well the men of every city, as the beast, and all that came to hand: also they set on fire all the cities that they came to.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

All the tribes of Israel unite against the tribe of Benjamin to demand justice for the crime at Gibeah. After two surprising initial defeats, Israel finally wins with an ambush, nearly wiping out the entire tribe.

Explanation

The union of 'four hundred thousand men' from all the tribes against Benjamin alone shows how seriously Israel treated this collective crime - but the two surprising initial defeats, even with a far superior number of troops, suggest that God allowed these losses as a form of humbling before the final victory, keeping the coalition from relying solely on its numerical advantage. The ambush tactic used in the third battle, similar to the one used against Ai in Joshua 8, shows how military lessons from the past continued to be applied decades later. The near-total extinction of the tribe of Benjamin (leaving only 600 men) reveals how a conflict that began as a pursuit of specific justice can escalate into a disproportionate national tragedy when collective anger is not well managed.

Fun facts

  • The tribe of Benjamin had 700 left-handed soldiers especially skilled with slings, 'every one could sling stones at an hair breadth, and not miss' (v.16), a description of exceptional precision for long-range weapons of the time.
  • The choice of Judah to attack first (v.18) repeats exactly the same pattern used in chapter 1 of the book, when Judah was likewise chosen to lead the first attack against the Canaanites, decades earlier.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Judges 20:1All Israel gathers as one people, from Dan to Beersheba and Gilead as well, before the Lord at Mizpeh, mobilized by the crime committed at Gibeah.
  2. Judges 20:2Four hundred thousand armed foot soldiers arrive, representing all the tribes of Israel gathered in the assembly of God's people.
  3. Judges 20:3The Benjamites hear about this gathering, and the people ask the Levite to tell how that wicked act happened.
  4. Judges 20:4The Levite recounts that he came with his concubine to Gibeah, a city of Benjamin, only to spend the night.
  5. Judges 20:5He reports that the men of Gibeah surrounded the house at night intending to kill him, and that his concubine was raped until she died.
  6. Judges 20:6He explains that this is why he cut her body into pieces and sent them throughout all the territory of Israel, because of the wickedness and the folly committed in that city.
  7. Judges 20:7The Levite asks that everyone there, as children of Israel, give their word and counsel on what to do next.
  8. Judges 20:8All the people rise up as one man, deciding that no one will go back home before this matter is settled.
  9. Judges 20:9They decide to act against Gibeah, using a lot to organize the attack.
  10. Judges 20:10The plan includes choosing men from each group to carry supplies for the army, while the rest attack Gibeah for the folly committed there.
  11. Judges 20:11So all the men of Israel are united against that city as a single body.
  12. Judges 20:12The tribes of Israel send messengers throughout the tribe of Benjamin, asking what wickedness this was that had been committed among them.
  13. Judges 20:13Israel demands that Benjamin hand over the violent men of Gibeah to be put to death and the evil removed from among the people; but the Benjamites refuse to listen to their own brothers.
  14. Judges 20:14Instead, the Benjamites gather at Gibeah, ready to fight against the rest of Israel.
  15. Judges 20:15Benjamin musters twenty-six thousand armed men from its cities, plus seven hundred chosen warriors from Gibeah alone.
  16. Judges 20:16The seven hundred chosen men of the tribe of Benjamin who sling stones left-handed are noted as sure marksmen, never missing their target. It is a detail that shows a small tribe with a unit known for this specific skill.
  17. Judges 20:17Israel, not counting Benjamin, musters four hundred thousand experienced men of war, an army far larger than the enemy's.
  18. Judges 20:18Israel goes up to Bethel to inquire of God about who should attack first, and the Lord answers that Judah must go up first, an echo of the beginning of the book, in chapter 1.
  19. Judges 20:19The Israelites rise in the morning and camp against Gibeah, ready for the attack.
  20. Judges 20:20The men of Israel go out to fight against Benjamin, drawing up the battle line near Gibeah.
  21. Judges 20:21The Benjamites come out of Gibeah and strike down twenty-two thousand men of Israel on the very first day, a surprising defeat for the larger army.
  22. Judges 20:22Even with this loss, the people of Israel take courage and draw up the battle again in the same place as the day before.
  23. Judges 20:23Israel goes up and weeps before the Lord until evening, asking whether it should keep fighting against Benjamin, its own brother; the Lord answers yes, to go up against him.
  24. Judges 20:24The next day, the Israelites draw near to the Benjamites again for the second encounter.
  25. Judges 20:25On this second day, Benjamin comes out of Gibeah and strikes down eighteen thousand more Israelite soldiers, a second heavy defeat.
  26. Judges 20:26Faced with this, all the people go up to Bethel, weep, fast until evening, and offer burnt offerings and peace offerings before the Lord.
  27. Judges 20:27Israel inquires of the Lord again, and the text explains that the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days.
  28. Judges 20:28Phinehas, the grandson of Aaron, served before the ark at that time; the people ask whether they should keep fighting or stop, and the Lord promises victory for the next day.
  29. Judges 20:29Israel then sets ambushes around Gibeah, changing strategy after two defeats in a row.
  30. Judges 20:30On the third day, Israel goes up again against Benjamin and draws up the battle near Gibeah as in the previous times.
  31. Judges 20:31The Benjamites come out confidently, attacking as in the previous times, not realizing they are being drawn away from the city, where the ambush is waiting.
  32. Judges 20:32The Benjamites think they are winning again, but the Israelites pretend to flee on purpose, to draw them away from the city and into the trap.
  33. Judges 20:33The main body of the Israelite army regroups at Baal-tamar, while the hidden ambush comes out of its hiding place near Gibeah.
  34. Judges 20:34Ten thousand chosen soldiers attack Gibeah directly, and the battle grows fierce, but the Benjamites still do not realize that defeat is close at hand.
  35. Judges 20:35The Lord defeats Benjamin before Israel, and the Israelite army kills twenty-five thousand one hundred Benjamite soldiers that day.
  36. Judges 20:36The Benjamites realize they are being defeated, since the Israelites had drawn back on purpose, trusting in the ambush set against Gibeah.
  37. Judges 20:37The men in ambush rush quickly against Gibeah and put all the inhabitants of the city to the sword.
  38. Judges 20:38Israel had agreed on a signal with the men in ambush: sending up a great column of smoke out of the city.
  39. Judges 20:39In the middle of the confusion, the men of Israel turn to fight, even after Benjamin had already killed about thirty of them, still thinking they would win as in the earlier battles.
  40. Judges 20:40When the column of smoke begins rising from the city, the Benjamites look back and see the smoke going up to the sky, realizing that something has gone terribly wrong.
  41. Judges 20:41The men of Israel then turn to the attack, and the Benjamites are terrified as they realize that disaster has already overtaken them.
  42. Judges 20:42The Benjamites flee toward the way of the wilderness, but the battle presses close behind them, and those coming from the cities catch up with them in the middle of the road.
  43. Judges 20:43Israel surrounds Benjamin, pursues them, and crushes the fugitives all the way to a point near Gibeah, toward the sunrise.
  44. Judges 20:44Eighteen thousand men of Benjamin fall, all of them valiant warriors, in one of the worst defeats described in the book.
  45. Judges 20:45The survivors flee to the wilderness, toward the rock of Rimmon; about five thousand more are killed along the way, and two thousand more in the pursuit as far as Gidom.
  46. Judges 20:46In all, twenty-five thousand Benjamite soldiers fall that day, all of them valiant men, nearly wiping out the entire tribe.
  47. Judges 20:47Only six hundred men manage to escape to the rock of Rimmon, where they stay hidden for four months, the only survivors of the tribe.
  48. Judges 20:48Israel turns back against the cities of Benjamin and destroys everything left there, people and animals alike, setting fire to every city they find, an almost total act of vengeance.

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