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Marcos 2

ARC · Chapter 2/16

1E alguns dias depois entrou outra vez em Capernaum, e ouviu-se que estava em casa.

2E logo se ajuntaram tantos, que nem ainda nos logares junto á porta cabiam; e annunciava-lhes a palavra.

3Então foram ter com elle uns que conduziam um paralytico, trazido por quatro,

4E, não podendo approximar-se d'elle, por causa da multidão, descobriram o telhado onde estava, e, fazendo um buraco, baixaram o leito em que jazia o paralytico.

5E Jesus, vendo a fé d'elles, disse ao paralytico: Filho, estão perdoados os teus peccados.

6E estavam ali assentados alguns dos escribas, que arrazoavam em seus corações, dizendo:

7Porque diz este assim blasphemias? Quem pode perdoar peccados, senão Deus?

8E Jesus, conhecendo logo em seu espirito que assim arrazoavam entre si, lhes disse: Porque arrazoaes sobre estas coisas em vossos corações?

9Qual é mais fácil? dizer ao paralytico: Estão perdoados os teus peccados; ou dizer-lhe: Levanta-te, e toma o teu leito, e anda?

10Pois para que saibaes que o Filho do homem tem na terra poder para perdoar peccados (disse ao paralytico),

11A ti te digo: Levanta-te, e toma o teu leito, e vae para tua casa.

12E levantou-se, e, tomando logo o leito, saiu em presença de todos, de sorte que todos se admiraram e glorificaram a Deus, dizendo: Nunca tal vimos.

13E tornou a sair para o mar, e toda a multidão ia ter com elle, e elle os ensinava.

14E, passando, viu Levi, filho d'Alpheo, assentado na alfandega, e disse-lhe: Segue-me. E, levantando-se, o seguiu.

15E aconteceu que, estando elle sentado á mesa em casa d'elle, tambem estavam assentados á mesa com Jesus e seus discipulos muitos publicanos e peccadores; porque eram muitos, e o tinham seguido.

16E os escribas e phariseos, vendo-o comer com os publicanos e peccadores, disseram aos seus discipulos: Porque come e bebe elle com os publicanos e peccadores?

17E Jesus, tendo ouvido isto, disse-lhes: Os sãos não necessitam de medico, mas, sim, os que estão doentes; eu não vim chamar os justos, mas sim os peccadores, ao arrependimento.

18Ora os discipulos de João e os dos phariseos jejuavam; e foram e disseram-lhe: Porque jejuam os discipulos de João e os dos phariseos, e não jejuam os teus discipulos?

19E Jesus disse-lhes: Podem porventura os filhos das bodas jejuar emquanto está com elles o esposo? Emquanto teem comsigo o esposo, não podem jejuar;

20Mas dias virão em que lhes será tirado o esposo, e então jejuarão n'aquelles dias.

21Ninguém deita remendo de panno novo em vestido velho; d'outra sorte o mesmo remendo novo rompe o velho, e a rotura fica maior;

22E ninguem deita vinho novo em odres velhos; d'outra sorte, o vinho novo rompe os odres, o vinho entorna-se, e os odres estragam-se; porém o vinho novo deve ser deitado em odres novos.

23E aconteceu que, passando elle n'um sabbado pelas searas, os seus discipulos, caminhando, começaram a colher espigas.

24E os phariseos lhe disseram: Vês? porque fazem no sabbado o que não é licito?

25Mas elle disse-lhes: Nunca lestes o que fez David quando estava em necessidade e teve fome, elle e os que com elle estavam?

26Como entrou na casa de Deus, no tempo de Abiathar, summo sacerdote, e comeu os pães da proposição, dos quaes não era licito comer, senão aos sacerdotes, e tambem deu aos que com elle estavam?

27E disse-lhes: O sabbado foi feito por causa do homem, e não o homem por causa do sabbado.

28Assim que o Filho do homem é Senhor até do sabbado.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Jesus heals and forgives the sins of a paralyzed man lowered through the roof, calls the tax collector Levi to follow him, and defends his disciples against the Pharisees' criticism over fasting and picking grain on the Sabbath.

Explanation

Common houses in Galilee had clay roofs with wooden beams, accessible by an outside staircase, making it plausible that the four men could dig through to lower their paralyzed friend down to Jesus. By saying 'your sins are forgiven' before even healing the man, Jesus provokes the scribes, who correctly recognize that only God can forgive sins — and the physical healing confirms that divine authority. Levi (also called Matthew) was a tax collector, a profession seen as collaboration with the Roman oppressor and associated with dishonesty; his calling shows that no one is beyond the reach of Jesus' invitation. The closing statement, 'the Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the Sabbath,' sums up a principle still valid today: religious rules should serve human well-being, not the other way around.

Fun facts

  • 'Sons of the bridechamber' was a Jewish idiom for the guests of honor at a wedding, who were exempt from required fasting during the celebration — which is why Jesus' comparison made immediate sense to his listeners.
  • The mention of 'Abiathar the high priest' when citing the episode of David eating the bread of the Presence is a small historical detail that has sparked debate among scholars, since the account in 1 Samuel 21 actually names Ahimelech, Abiathar's father, as the priest at the time.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Marcos 2:1Capernaum already functions as a kind of headquarters for Jesus in Galilee, and word that He was home spreads quickly through the town.
  2. Marcos 2:2The house fills up so much that there is no room left even near the door — this detail explains why the men in the next verse have to come in through the roof, since there was no other way to reach Jesus.
  3. Marcos 2:3Carrying a mat with someone lying on it took several people holding the corners; four men was the usual number for this kind of improvised transport.
  4. Marcos 2:4Simple Galilean houses had flat roofs, made of beams covered with packed clay and straw, with an outside stairway leading up — nothing like a tiled roof. Breaking a hole there was hard work but doable, and it could be repaired afterward. The scene shows just how packed the house was: there was no other way to get near Jesus.
  5. Marcos 2:5It is the faith of the friends who carried the paralyzed man, not necessarily his alone, that Jesus recognizes here — the text makes clear that the collective effort to bring him mattered.
  6. Marcos 2:6Scribes were experts in the law who tended to keep a close eye on what traveling teachers taught, ready to judge whether something sounded wrong or heretical.
  7. Marcos 2:7For the scribes, the forgiveness of sins was something that happened only between a person and God, normally through sacrifice at the temple. An ordinary man saying this in the street sounded like he was putting himself in God’s place, and it is this shock, more than the healing, that produces the first accusation against Jesus in Mark. His answer links the authority to forgive to the ability to heal, as public proof before everyone.
  8. Marcos 2:8Jesus responds to a thought no one had said out loud, a detail the text highlights as extraordinary perception, not simply reading facial expressions.
  9. Marcos 2:9Forgiving sins is something that can’t be verified by the naked eye, while telling a paralyzed man to walk either works on the spot or it doesn’t. Jesus chooses the second option, easier to check, as public proof of the first.
  10. Marcos 2:10“Son of man” is the title Jesus uses most often for Himself in the Gospels, an expression drawn from the book of Daniel that He deliberately leaves ambiguous. This is its first appearance in Mark, tied here to the authority to forgive sins.
  11. Marcos 2:11The command comes in three parts — get up, take up the mat, and go home — a sequence of actions that anyone there could check with their own eyes.
  12. Marcos 2:12The man carries his own mat out, in front of everyone who had been packed into that house moments before — the healing becomes visible, immediate proof for the whole crowd.
  13. Marcos 2:13After the crowded scene inside the house, Jesus goes back to the open space by the sea, where more people could fit to hear Him teach.
  14. Marcos 2:14Levi worked collecting taxes for the Roman government, a job Jews of the time considered almost a betrayal, since the money funded the foreign occupation and the collector usually profited by overcharging. That’s why “publicans” always appears alongside sinners in the Gospel, as a social category as much as a moral one. Jesus calling one of them to follow Him was a gesture that offended religious people of the day.
  15. Marcos 2:15A dinner at Levi’s house gathering several tax collectors and other disreputable people suggests a farewell party for his old work circle, now that he had decided to follow Jesus.
  16. Marcos 2:16Instead of confronting Jesus directly, the scribes and Pharisees complain first to the disciples — an indirect way of questioning the company their teacher chose to keep.
  17. Marcos 2:17The comparison with doctor and patient is direct: Jesus explains His choice of company by saying He did not come to seek those who already considered themselves righteous, but those who knew they needed help.
  18. Marcos 2:18The Pharisees and John’s disciples fasted on fixed days as a devotional practice, something common among religious groups of the time. That’s why it seemed odd to them that Jesus’s disciples did not follow the same custom.
  19. Marcos 2:19Fasting on specific days was a common practice among religious groups of the time, a sign of mourning or of waiting for something not yet arrived. Jesus compares His presence to a wedding feast, an occasion when no one fasts while the bridegroom is there. The idea is simple: fasting fits waiting, not a celebration that has already begun.
  20. Marcos 2:20This is one of the first hints, still disguised as an image, that Jesus would not stay with the disciples forever — “the bridegroom shall be taken away” points to His own death, though no one grasps that at the time.
  21. Marcos 2:21A patch of new cloth shrinks when washed and ends up tearing the old fabric around it, making the hole worse instead of fixing it. The image shows that carelessly mixing the new with the old only ruins both.
  22. Marcos 2:22Wineskins were made of animal hide, and older ones lost their elasticity over time; new wine still fermenting needed a new skin, flexible enough to stretch without splitting.
  23. Marcos 2:23The law allowed picking a handful of grain by hand to eat on the spot, but doing so on the sabbath, the day of rest, counted as harvesting to the stricter Pharisees, even though it was a small gesture.
  24. Marcos 2:24The law allowed picking a handful of grain by hand from a neighbor’s field to satisfy hunger on the spot, so it was not theft. The problem for the Pharisees was that picking, even a handful, counted as harvest work, forbidden on the sabbath under a strict reading of the law. Jesus does not deny the rule, but argues that it exists to serve people, not the other way around.
  25. Marcos 2:25Jesus responds with a well-known episode from David’s story, who ate bread reserved only for priests when he was hungry and on the run — a biblical example used to justify need taking priority over the rule.
  26. Marcos 2:26The shewbread was twelve loaves set out each week before the altar, reserved for priests to eat once replaced. Jesus recalls that David, hungry and on the run, ate this bread even though he was not a priest, and no one condemned him for it. It’s an argument for human need over ritual rule, in the same spirit as the debate about the sabbath.
  27. Marcos 2:27This is the line that sums up the whole argument: the sabbath exists for people’s good, not the other way around. Jesus is not canceling the practice, only reordering its priority.
  28. Marcos 2:28Claiming authority even over the sabbath, one of the most sacred commandments in Jewish law, was quite a statement — the kind that helps explain why the religious leaders start watching Him closely from here on.

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