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Levítico 7

ARC · Chapter 7/27

1E esta é a lei da expiação da culpa: coisa sanctissima é.

2No logar onde degolam o holocausto, degolarão a expiação da culpa, e o seu sangue se espargirá sobre o altar em redor.

3E d'ella se offerecerá toda a sua gordura; a cauda, e a gordura que cobre a fressura.

4Tambem ambos os rins, e a gordura que n'elles ha, que está sobro as tripas, e o redenho sobre o figado, com os rins se tirará,

5E o sacerdote o queimará sobre o altar em offerta queimada ao Senhor: expiação da culpa é.

6Todo o macho entre os sacerdotes a comerá: no logar sancto se comerá: coisa sanctissima é

7Como a expiação do peccado, assim será a expiação da culpa: uma mesma lei haverá para ellas; será do sacerdote que houver feito propiciação com ella

8Tambem o sacerdote, que offerecer o holocausto d'alguem, o mesmo sacerdote terá o coiro do holocausto que offerecer.

9Como tambem toda a offerta que se cozer no forno, com tudo que se preparar na sertã e na caçoila, será do sacerdote que o offerece.

10Tambem toda a offerta amassada com azeite, ou secca, será de todos os filhos d'Aarão, assim de um como de outro.

11E esta é a lei do sacrificio pacifico que se offerecerá ao Senhor:

12Se o offerecer por offerta de louvores, com o sacrificio de louvores, offerecerá bolos asmos amassados com azeite; e coscorões asmos amassados com azeite; e os bolos amassados com azeite serão fritos, de flôr de farinha.

13Com os bolos offerecerá pão levedado pela sua offerta, com o sacrificio de louvores da sua offerta pacifica.

14E de toda a offerta offerecerá um d'elles por offerta alçada ao Senhor, que será do sacerdote que espargir o sangue da offerta pacifica.

15Mas a carne do sacrificio de louvores da sua offerta pacifica se comerá no dia do seu offerecimento: nada se deixará d'ella até á manhã.

16E, se o sacrificio da sua offerta fôr voto, ou offerta voluntaria, no dia em que offerecer o seu sacrificio se comerá; e o que d'elle ficar tambem se comerá no dia seguinte;

17E o que ainda ficar da carne do sacrificio ao terceiro dia será queimado no fogo.

18Porque, se da carne do seu sacrificio pacifico se comer ao terceiro dia, aquelle que a offereceu não será acceito, nem lhe será imputado; coisa abominavel será, e a pessoa que comer d'ella levará a sua iniquidade.

19E a carne que tocar alguma coisa immunda não se comerá; com fogo será queimada: mas da outra carne qualquer que estiver limpo comerá d'ella.

20Porém, se alguma pessoa comer a carne do sacrificio pacifico, que é do Senhor, tendo ella sobre si a sua immundicia, aquella pessoa será extirpada dos seus povos.

21E, se uma pessoa tocar alguma coisa immunda, como immundicia de homem, ou gado immundo, ou qualquer abominação immunda, e comer da carne do sacrificio pacifico, que é do Senhor, aquella pessoa será extirpada dos seus povos.

22Depois fallou o Senhor a Moysés, dizendo:

23Falla aos filhos de Israel, dizendo: Nenhuma gordura de boi, nem de carneiro, nem de cabra comereis,

24Porém pode usar-se da gordura do corpo morto, e da gordura do dilacerado, para toda a obra, mas de nenhuma maneira a comereis;

25Porque qualquer que comer a gordura do animal, do qual se offerecer ao Senhor offerta queimada, a pessoa que a comer será extirpada dos seus povos.

26E nenhum sangue comereis em qualquer das vossas habitações, quer de aves quer de gado.

27Toda a pessoa que comer algum sangue, aquella pessoa será extirpada dos seus povos.

28Fallou mais o Senhor a Moysés, dizendo:

29Falla aos filhos de Israel, dizendo: Quem offerecer ao Senhor o seu sacrificio pacifico, trará a sua offerta ao Senhor do seu sacrificio pacifico.

30As suas proprias mãos trarão as offertas queimadas do Senhor; a gordura do peito com o peito trará para movel-o por offerta movida perante o Senhor.

31E o sacerdote queimará a gordura sobre o altar, porém o peito será de Aarão e de seus filhos.

32Tambem a espadua direita dareis ao sacerdote por offerta alçada dos vossos sacrificios pacificos.

33Aquelle dos filhos de Aarão que offerecer o sangue do sacrificio pacifico. e a gordura, aquelle terá a espadua direita para a sua porção;

34Porque o peito movido e a espadua alçada tomei dos filhos de Israel dos seus sacrificios pacificos, e os dei a Aarão, o sacerdote, e a seus filhos, por estatuto perpetuo dos filhos de Israel.

35Esta é a porção de Aarão e a porção de seus filhos das offertas queimadas do Senhor, no dia em que os apresentou para administrar o sacerdocio ao Senhor.

36O que o Senhor ordenou que se lhes désse d'entre os filhos de Israel no dia em que os ungiu, estatuto perpetuo é pelas suas gerações.

37Esta é a lei do holocausto, da offerta de manjares, e da expiação do peccado, e da expiação da culpa, e da offerta das consagrações, e do sacrificio pacifico.

38Que o Senhor ordenou a Moysés no monte Sinai, no dia em que ordenou aos filhos de Israel que offerecessem as suas offertas ao Senhor no deserto de Sinai.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The laws for the priests continue: the guilt offering (which involves reparation for a specific wrong) and detailed rules for the peace offering, including the time limit for eating the meat and the portion belonging to the priests.

Explanation

The "guilt offering" differs from the "sin offering" in that it deals with concrete damages requiring reparation to someone (a person or the sanctuary itself), joining spiritual repentance with practical responsibility. The requirement to eat the meat of the peace offering within two days (never on the third) prevented waste and spoilage in a hot climate without refrigeration — a rule as practical as it was spiritual. The breast and thigh of the animal were reserved for the priests as their sustenance for their service. The application today: caring for those who serve the community of faith is an ancient biblical principle, not a modern invention.

Fun facts

  • The prohibition against eating meat "on the third day" has an interesting parallel with the manna in the wilderness, which also spoiled if kept beyond the appointed time (Exodus 16:20).
  • The "wave breast" and the "heave shoulder," given to the priests, were considered the best parts of the animal — a practical acknowledgment that those who minister at the altar also need to eat.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Levítico 7:1This opening formula gives the trespass offering its own block of formal rules, the same way the previous chapters did for the burnt offering, the meat offering, and the sin offering.
  2. Levítico 7:2The trespass offering was killed in the same place as the burnt offering, with the blood sprinkled around the altar — the initial steps were standard, repeated in almost every kind of blood sacrifice.
  3. Levítico 7:3The tail and the fat that covers the inward parts went on the altar — the same list of valued parts seen in the other sacrifices, applied here to the trespass offering.
  4. Levítico 7:4Kidneys, the fat around them, and the caul above the liver completed the list of parts to be burned — the same technical pattern repeated in almost every offering involving blood.
  5. Levítico 7:5The trespass offering is also classified as “an offering made by fire,” the same category used for the burnt offering and the sin offering — the fat went on the altar the same way.
  6. Levítico 7:6Just like the sin offering, the trespass offering was also “most holy”: only male priests could eat of it, and always within the sacred area.
  7. Levítico 7:7The text makes it explicit: the sin offering and the trespass offering followed the same law, and the meat belonged to the specific priest who had made atonement — it was not divided equally among everyone.
  8. Levítico 7:8A payment detail not mentioned before: the priest who offered someone’s burnt offering kept the animal’s hide — another form of income tied to the ritual work.
  9. Levítico 7:9Meat offerings baked in the oven, fried in a pan, or cooked on a griddle belonged to the priest who personally presented them at the altar — the income went directly to whoever did the work.
  10. Levítico 7:10Raw meat offerings, though, whether mixed with oil or dry, were divided equally among all of Aaron’s sons — a difference in criteria: whatever required more work from a specific priest stayed with him; the rest was shared out.
  11. Levítico 7:11This opening formula gathers, from here on, the detailed rules of the peace offering — the same offering described in chapter 3, now from the standpoint of how it was eaten and shared.
  12. Levítico 7:12The peace offering for thanksgiving came together with bread, both unleavened and leavened — unlike the meat offering, which only allowed unleavened bread. Here the bread was part of a festive meal of gratitude, not an offering to be burned on its own.
  13. Levítico 7:13Unlike the ordinary meat offering, which never carried leaven, leavened bread could also accompany the sacrifice of thanksgiving here — except that this bread did not go up on the altar, it was kept for the meal.
  14. Levítico 7:14One sample of each kind of bread brought became a separate portion for the priest who sprinkled the sacrifice’s blood — once again, the payment was tied to whoever performed the ritual.
  15. Levítico 7:15The meat of the sacrifice “for thanksgiving,” a variation of the peace offering made out of spontaneous gratitude, had to be eaten the same day, with nothing left until morning. Probably because of how meat kept in the heat, but it also reinforced that this was a celebratory meal, not stored food.
  16. Levítico 7:16If the offering was a vow or a voluntary gesture, rather than spontaneous gratitude, there was more time allowed: the meat could be eaten the same day or the next, unlike the thanksgiving offering of verse 15.
  17. Levítico 7:17Even with this longer window, there was an absolute limit: any meat still left by the third day had to be burned, no matter the type of peace offering.
  18. Levítico 7:18Eating it on the third day voided the whole offering, as if it had never been made, and it still counted against the one who ate it — probably because, in the region’s heat, meat kept that long was no longer fit to eat.
  19. Levítico 7:19Meat that touched something unclean had to be burned, never eaten; meat that stayed clean, on the other hand, could be eaten by anyone in the family, not just by the priests.
  20. Levítico 7:20Eating the meat of a peace offering while unclean was punished by being “cut off from his people” — a phrase repeated throughout the book whose exact meaning scholars still debate, possibly expulsion from the community, an early death seen as punishment, or execution. What is agreed is that it was the harshest punishment prescribed, reserved for those who disrespected what was sacred on purpose.
  21. Levítico 7:21The list of contacts that disqualified someone from eating the meat of the peace offering included touching human uncleanness, an unclean animal, or anything considered abominable — the same severe penalty as the previous verse.
  22. Levítico 7:22This opening formula introduces a new block of dietary rules, this time about fat and blood, valid for the people in general, not just for priests.
  23. Levítico 7:23The ban on eating the fat of ox, sheep, or goat focuses precisely on the three animals most used in sacrifices — tying this dietary rule directly to the offering system.
  24. Levítico 7:24Fat from an animal that died on its own or was torn by another beast could be used for other practical purposes, it just could not become food. The ban was specifically about eating, not about any use of the fat.
  25. Levítico 7:25Eating the fat of an animal used in an offering made by fire carried the harshest penalty in the book: being “cut off from his people” — unlike the fat of an animal that died by accident, which could have other uses, as seen in verse 24.
  26. Levítico 7:26This ban on eating blood applied at home, in everyday life, not only in the sacrifices offered at the sanctuary. It is one of the few laws in this passage that became a permanent dietary rule for ordinary people, not just for the priests’ ritual context.
  27. Levítico 7:27The same severe penalty of being “cut off from his people,” seen for someone who ate sacrificial fat, also applied to someone who ate blood — the two bans always went together throughout the book.
  28. Levítico 7:28This opening formula introduces the final rules of the peace offering: how the offerer himself took part physically in presenting his offering.
  29. Levítico 7:29Whoever brought a peace offering could not simply have it delivered — he had to bring his own offering personally to the LORD, taking part in the process from start to finish.
  30. Levítico 7:30“Waving” the offering was a specific ritual gesture: the person held the breast and the fat of the animal and moved it back and forth before the altar, physically presenting the offering before handing it over to the priest.
  31. Levítico 7:31After the waving gesture, the priest burned the fat on the altar, and the breast was kept as a portion of income for Aaron and his sons.
  32. Levítico 7:32The “right shoulder,” the animal’s right foreleg, was given as payment to the priest who took part in the sacrifice, together with the breast. This was how the priests, who had no land to farm and no flock of their own, received their income — a physical share of every sacrifice brought by the people.
  33. Levítico 7:33The animal’s right shoulder went specifically to the priest who had handled the blood and the fat of that sacrifice — another case of payment tied to whoever did the work, not divided among everyone.
  34. Levítico 7:34This verse sums up the reason: the wave breast and the heave shoulder were taken from every peace offering of the people and given permanently to Aaron and his sons, as a fixed part of the priests’ income.
  35. Levítico 7:35This bundle of portions — breast and shoulder from every peace offering — was called the “portion” of Aaron and his sons, their payment from the day they took up the priesthood.
  36. Levítico 7:36The text reinforces that this division of portions was not a temporary arrangement: it became a permanent law, valid for all the generations of priests that followed.
  37. Levítico 7:37This verse works as a summary: it lists all at once every type of offering explained since chapter 1 — burnt offering, meat offering, sin offering, trespass offering, consecration, and peace offering.
  38. Levítico 7:38The chapter closes by recalling where and when all this was given: on Mount Sinai, while the people were still camped in the wilderness, before continuing their journey.

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